27 research outputs found

    Structure de financement et entreprises de la BRVM

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    The capital structure of a company is not the result of chance; it is in principle the result of a decision to integrate a whole set of factors. Thus, in order to understand the diversity of debt behavior of companies listed on the BRVM, several factors must be taken into consideration. The main objective of this article is to verify the factors that can influence the financial structure of BRVM-listed firms and to analyze their influence.  Our study focuses on a sample of 28 BRVM-listed firms over a period of 11 years (2009 to 2019), using panel data.  Following an econometric study involving the methods of generalized least squares (fixed effect) and generalized method of moments (one-step), we tested the influence of traditional firm-related determinants and corporate governance determinants on leverage. The results reveal that most of the determinants explain the leverage behavior of firms listed on the BRVM. They show that the variables size, tangibility, cost of financing, tax savings not related to debt is significant and positively influence the level of debt, these results are explained by the trade-off theory. Unlike the variable profitability, the size of the board of directors which are significant and influence negatively the level of debt. These results confirm the predictions of the hierarchical preference theory. However, the variable growth opportunity, liquidity and power separation are not significant, i.e. they do not explain the debt behavior of our study sample. The results obtained from this research will help explain the financing policy of firms listed on the BRVM. In addition, they will be used by the managers of the companies to find some answers to their decisions concerning the policy of indebtedness.La structure du capital d'une entreprise ne rĂ©sulte pas du hasard, elle rĂ©sulte en principe d'une dĂ©cision intĂ©grant tout un ensemble de facteurs. Ainsi pour comprendre la diversitĂ© des comportements d'endettement des entreprises cotĂ©es Ă  la BRVM, plusieurs facteurs doivent ĂŞtre pris en considĂ©ration. L'objectif essentiel de cet article est de vĂ©rifier les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la structure financière des entreprises cotĂ©es de la BRVM et d’analyser leur influence. Notre Ă©tude porte sur un Ă©chantillon, en donnĂ©es de panel de 28 entreprises cotĂ©es Ă  la BRVM sur une pĂ©riode de 11 ans (2009 Ă  2019). Suivant une Ă©tude Ă©conomĂ©trique portant sur les mĂ©thodes des moindres carrĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s (effet fixe) et mĂ©thode des moments gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s (Ă  Ă©tapes une), nous avons vĂ©rifiĂ© l’influence des dĂ©terminants traditionnels liĂ©s Ă  l’entreprise et les dĂ©terminants de la gouvernance d’entreprise sur l’endettement. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vèlent que la plupart des dĂ©terminants expliquent le comportement d’endettement des entreprises cotĂ©es Ă  la BRVM. Ils montrent que les variables taille, tangibilitĂ©, coĂ»t de financement, Ă©conomies d’impĂ´t non liĂ©es Ă  l’endettement sont significatives et influencent positivement le niveau d’endettement, ces rĂ©sultats sont expliquĂ©s par la thĂ©orie du compromis. Contrairement aux variables rentabilitĂ©, taille du conseil d’administration qui sont significatives et influencent nĂ©gativement le niveau d’endettement. Ces rĂ©sultats confirment les prĂ©dictions de la thĂ©orie de prĂ©fĂ©rence hiĂ©rarchisĂ©e. Cependant les variables opportunitĂ© de croissance, liquiditĂ© et sĂ©paration du pouvoir ne sont pas significatives c’est-Ă -dire n’expliquent pas le comportement d’endettement de notre Ă©chantillon d’étude. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus de cette recherche contribueront Ă  expliquer la politique de financement des entreprises cotĂ©es Ă  la BRVM. En outre, ils serviront aux dirigeants des entreprises de trouver quelques rĂ©ponses Ă  leurs dĂ©cisions concernant la politique d'endettement

    Fréquence des néphropathies congénitales au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Donka à Conakry: Frequency of congenital nephropathies in the University Hospital of Donka in Conakry

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    Context and objective. The real extent of congenital nephropathies is little known in Africa and in particular in Guinea. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital nephropathies in the University Hospital of Donka. Methods. This was a descriptive retrospective study enrolling patients admitted for congenital nephropathy at both pediatric and pediatric surgery departments of Donka, between January 1st, 2007 and June 30th, 2012. The parameters of the study were epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical data.  Results. Of 34,448 patients recorded during the period studied, 26 had congenital nephropathies. They encompassed nephroblastoma (n=17), SJPU (n=6), hydronephrosis on left multikystic kidney (n=1), multikystic kidney in ptosis (n=1) and renal ectopia (n=1). Male sex was preponderant (21/26) with a sex ratio of 4.2/1. The 29 day-old to 2 year-old children were more affected. Conclusion. Congenital nephropathies appear less frequently in this hospital probably due to the absence of optimal facilities. The early diagnosis of congenital nephropathies should be made during the antenatal time, which would be a key to a better management of these conditions in affected children. Contexte et objectif. L’ampleur rĂ©elle des nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales est peu connue en Afrique et notamment en GuinĂ©e. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer la frĂ©quence des nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales rencontrĂ©es. MĂ©thodes. Cette Ă©tude documentaire de type descriptif sur la nĂ©phropathie congĂ©nitale, a Ă©tĂ© conduite entre les 1er janvier 2007 et 30 juin 2012, dans les services de pĂ©diatrie et de chirurgie pĂ©diatrique de Donka. Les paramètres d’interet englobaient les donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques et paracliniques.  RĂ©sultats. Parmi les 34.448 dossiers colligĂ©s, 26 prĂ©sentaient une nĂ©phropathie congĂ©nitale. Il s’agissait des nĂ©phroblastomes (n=17), des syndromes de jonction pyĂ©lo-urĂ©tĂ©rale (n=6), d’une hydronĂ©phrose sur rein multikystique gauche (n=1), d’un rein multikystique en ptose (n=1) et d’une ectopie rĂ©nale (n=1). Le sexe masculin Ă©tait prĂ©pondĂ©rant (21/26) avec un sexe ratio de 4,2/1. Les enfants de 29 jours Ă  2 ans Ă©taient les plus touchĂ©s. Conclusion. Les nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales sont paraissent moins frĂ©quentes dans cette institution hospitalière, Ă  cause du manque d’un plateau technique diagnostique optimal. Le diagnostic prĂ©coce des nĂ©phropathies congĂ©nitales devrait ĂŞtre fait dans la pĂ©riode prĂ©natale ce qui permettrait une meilleure prise en charge des enfants affectĂ©s

    Importance of screening for urinary tract infection in African Black diabetics

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    Urinary tract infections are common and often latent in diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to determinethe frequency of urinary tract infections and the organisms responsible.This is a descriptive type prospective study conducted in the Endocrinology and Diabetology ward of Donka UniversityHospital. All diabetic patients hospitalised from January 3rd to April 4th 2013 were included in the study.Two hundred and sixty-two diabetics had been screened, 64 (24.42%) had a urinary tract infection 41 women (64%)and 23 men (36%). The average age was 56.48 16.3 years with a range of 20-90 years. Urinary tract infections weremore frequent between the ages of 45 and 74 (67.20%). Sixty patients were married, four were single. Fifty-six patientswere type 2 diabetes against eight type I diabetes. Urine test strips showed 60 cases of pyuria, 36 cases of nitruria, 21cases of proteinuria and three cases of hematuria. Organisms identified were: Escherichia coli in 31 cases (48.43%): 25women and six men; Klebsiella pneumoniae in 14 cases (21.87%): nine women and five men; Staphylococcus aureusin 11 cases (17.18%): six women and five men; and Proteus mirabilis in eight cases (12.51%): two women and six men.The clinical manifestations were: asymptomatic bacteriuria in 57 cases (89.06%); acute cystitis in five cases (7.81%); andacute urethritis in two cases (3.13%).Urinary infection in African diabetics is very common. It requires a systematic screening with urine test strips becauseasymptomatic types are by far the most common. This would allow early treatment and avoid serious complications

    Traumatological emergencies: epidemiological and problematic aspects of care in the orthopedics traumatology department of the CHU Ignace Deen in Conakry

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    Background: A trauma emergency is any aggression (direct or indirect) external to the body for which no therapeutic delay is allowed at the risk of endangering the patient's life or the functional prognosis of his limbs. The objective of this study was to report the results of the management of traumatological emergencies. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from 11 January 2021, to 11 July 2021. It focused on patients seen for traumatological emergencies in the CHU Ignace Deen Orthopaedics-Traumatology department. Results: Trauma emergencies constitute 75.2% of admissions to the emergency department. The average age of the patients was 32.2 years, with extremes of 1 and 91 years. There was a predominance of 76.3% males with a ratio (M/F) of 3.2. Road traffic accidents were the most found aetiology in 82.9%, and motorcycles were involved in 68.7%. Limb fractures were found in 34.7%. The treatment time was ≤6 hours in 67.5%, and 203 patients received drug treatment, i.e., 49.7%. Conclusions: Trauma emergencies constitute, by their frequency and seriousness, a real public health problem in Africa in general and in Guinea in particular

    Recours a la Médecine Traditionnelle chez les Rhumatisants en Guinée

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    Aim: To determine the frequency and pattern of use of traditional medicine in rheumatic patients at Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry, Guinea. Patients and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in the rheumatology department of HNID between January and March 2018 Results: Of the 108 patients interviewed, 40 had used traditional medicine (37.03%). There was a female predominance (21 women, 52.5%) with a sex ratio of 0.90. The mean age of the patients was 44.75 ± 17.24 years. Rheumatoid arthritis and knee osteoarthritis were the main rheumatic diseases observed with 41.86% and 16.27% respectively. The diagnostic delay was 6.54 ± 1.25 years. The nature of the treatment used was dominated by taking a decoction (57.50%) and the reason for using traditional treatment was to relieve pain (85%). The oral route was the main mode of use of traditional treatment (67.5%). More than half of the patients (52.50%) were not satisfied with the outcome of traditional treatment received and did not know the name of the treatment used in their vernacular language. In 47.50% of cases they thought that traditional treatment had adverse effects and had possible interactions with modern drug therapy. Conclusion: More than a third of rheumatology consulting patients use traditional medicine even though they believe it has side effects. This phenomenon leads to a delay in consultation with the rheumatologist, hence the need for better communication between the different actors.Objectif : Déterminer la fréquence et le profil de l’utilisation de la médecine traditionnelle chez les patients souffrant de rhumatisme à l'hôpital national Ignace Deen de Conakry (Guinée). Patients et méthodes : Etude transversale de type descriptif dans le service de rhumatologie de l'HNID entre janvier et mars 2018. Résultats : Sur 108 patients interrogés, 40 avaient eu recours à la médecine traditionnelle soit 37,03 %. On notait une prédominance féminine (21 femmes ; 52,5 %) avec un sexe ratio de 0,90 H/F. L’âge moyen des patients était de 44,75 ± 17,24 ans. La polyarthrite rhumatoïde et la gonarthrose étaient les principales affections rhumatologiques observées avec respectivement 41,86% et 16,27%. Le délai diagnostique était de 6,54 ±1,25 ans. La nature du traitement utilisé était dominée par la prise de décoction (57,50%) et le motif d’utilisation du traitement était de soulager la douleur (85%). La voie orale était le principal mode d’utilisation (67,5%). Plus de la moitié des patients (52,50%) n’étaient pas satisfaits du résultat du traitement traditionnel reçu et ne connaissaient pas le nom du traitement utilisé dans leur langue vernaculaire. Ils pensaient dans 47,50% des cas que le traitement traditionnel entrainait des effets indésirables et avait de possibles interactions avec le traitement médicamenteux moderne. Conclusion : Plus du tiers des patients consultant en rhumatologie ont recours à la médecine traditionnelle même s’ils croient qu’elle a des effets indésirables. Ce phénomène entraîne un retard à la consultation chez le rhumatologue, d’où la nécessité d’une meilleure communication entre les différents acteurs

    Prévalence de l’hypertension artérielle en milieu du travail : Cas du groupe Alucam au Cameroun: Prevalence of hypertension among workers : A case of the Alucam group in Cameroon

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    Context and objective. Hypertension (HTN), a silent killer, is a major global public health problem. Its magnitude remains however unknown in a professional environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with HTN among workers from the Alucam group in Cameroon. Method. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of an exhaustive sample of workers from the Alucam Socatral industrial plant in Cameroon was conducted between January and September 2015. Parameters of interest included data on the determinants of the individual, the company, and Karasek’s psychosocial risk assessment as well as clinical data (measurement of blood pressure, height and weight). The Chi-square tests of Pearson and De Snedecor were used to compare the proportions. Odds ratio (OR) was used to assess risk factors associated to HTN. The statistical significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results. 637 employees were enrolled. Their average age was 52 years old and all were male. The prevalence of HTN was 14.3%. We noted a very significant hypertension prevalence among older workers compared to younger (OR = 16.95, p< 0.0001). HTA was significantly related to obesity (OR = 4.7, p < 0.0001). Almost all of the workers (90%) had not changed their service since being hired with a seniority of more than 30 years in 54% of the cases. Active workers accounted for 91% of all HTNs. According to psychosocial risk, the majority of workers (63%) was in the dial “job strain”, of which 70% were operators. Social support and decision latitude decreased as psychological demand increased. Conclusion. One in seven workers in this company is hypertensive. Age, obesity and shift work are associated with hypertension in the present study population. Contexte & objectif. L’hypertension (HTA), tueur silencieux, est un problème majeur de santĂ© publique Ă  travers le monde. Son ampleur reste cependant inconnue en milieu professionnel. L’objectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer la frĂ©quence et les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’HTA chez les travailleurs du groupe Alucam, au Cameroun. MĂ©thodes. Nous avons conduit une Ă©tude transversale descriptive et analytique auprès d’un Ă©chantillon exhaustif des travailleurs de l’établissement industriel Alucam Socatral, entre janvier et septembre 2015, au Cameroun. Les paramètres d’intĂ©rĂŞt englobaient les donnĂ©es relatives aux dĂ©terminants de l’individu, de l’entreprise et l’évaluation du risque psychosocial par le modèle de Karasek ainsi que les donnĂ©es cliniques (mesure de la pression artĂ©rielle, taille et poids). Les tests Khi² de Pearson et de De Snedecor ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour comparer les proportions. Odds ratio (OR) a permis d’évaluer les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’HTA. Le seuil de signification statistique a Ă©tĂ© fixĂ© Ă  5% (p < 0,05). RĂ©sultats. 637 employĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© enrĂ´lĂ©s. Leur âge moyen Ă©tait de 52 ans et tous Ă©taient du sexe masculin La prĂ©valence de l’HTA Ă©tait de 14,3 %. On notait une prĂ©valence d’HTA très significative chez les travailleurs âgĂ©s par rapport aux plus jeunes (OR = 16,95, p < 0,0001). L’HTA Ă©tait significativement liĂ©e avec l’obĂ©sitĂ© (OR 4,7, p = 0,0001). La quasi-totalitĂ© des travailleurs (90 %) n’avait pas changĂ© de service depuis l’embauche avec une anciennetĂ© de plus de 30 ans dans 54% des cas. Les travailleurs actifs constituaient 91 % des HTA. Selon le risque psychosocial, la majoritĂ© des travailleurs (63%) Ă©tait dans le cadran « job strain Â», parmi lesquels 70 % Ă©taient opĂ©rateurs. Le soutien social et la latitude dĂ©cisionnelle diminuaient alors que la demande psychologique augmentait. Conclusion. Un travailleur sur sept de cette entreprise est hypertendu. L’âge, l’obĂ©sitĂ© et le travail postĂ© sont associĂ©s Ă  l’HTA dans notre population d’étude

    Undescended Testis Revealing Triorchidism in a Child: A Case Report

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    Polyorchidism is a rare genitourinary congenital malformation, which diagnosis is generally fortuitous in children. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy admitted to the pediatric surgery service of Donka University Hospital in Conakry for an empty left scrotum. Initially, the diagnosis of left cryptorchidism had prompted orchidopexy by inguinal approach, whose intraoperative exploration revealed two undescended left testicles. The first, located at the deep ring of the inguinal canal, had normal volume, while the second, located in the inguinal canal, was hypotrophic. The orchiectomy of the latter was performed, associated with a dartos-pouch orchidopexy of the testicle of normal volume. After one year of follow-up, no complications were noted

    Dyslipidemia, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population in Senegal

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    Introduction: According to the WHO, 50% of deaths worldwide (40.1% in developing countries) are due to chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Of these chronic NCDs, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. The Framingham study has shown the importance of hypercholesterolemia as a primary risk factor. In Senegal, the epidemiology of  dyslipidemia and obesity are still poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive studies on their  impact on the general population. This motivated this study to look into the key epidemiologic and socio-demographic determinants of these risk factors. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey which included 1037 individuals selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire following the WHO STEPwise approach. Socio-demographic, health and biomedical variables were collected. P value Results: The average age was 48 years with a female predominance (M: F of 0.6). The literacy rate was 65.2% and 44.7% of participants were from rural areas. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLemia, hypoHDLemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were 56%, 22.5%, 12.4%, 7.11% and 1.9% respectively. One in four was obese (BMI> 30kg/m2) and 34.8% had abdominal obesity. The main factors significantly associated with dyslipidemia were obesity, urban dwelling, physical inactivity and a family history of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia, obesity and other risk factors in the population was high needing immediate care for those affected and implementation of prevention strategies.Key words: Dyslipidemia, obesity, cardiovascular, risk factors, Saint Loui

    Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma—Current Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa

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    There is a global variation in the incidence of renal masses with the developed nations having a greater incidence. About 80–90% of renal malignancies are renal cell carcinomas (RCC) which account for 2–4% of all cancers. In Africa and the Middle East, the age-standardized incidence for RCC is 1.8–4.8/100,000 for males and 1.2–2.2/100,000 for females. The management of renal cell cancer is challenging. A multidisciplinary approach is effective for diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Guidelines recommend active surveillance, thermal ablation, partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, cytoreductive nephrectomy and immunotherapy as various modalities for various stages of RCC. However, open radical nephrectomy is most widely adopted as an option for treatment at various stages of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa due to its cost-effectiveness, applicability at various stages, and the reduced cost of follow-up. Nevertheless, most patients in the region present with the disease in the advanced stage and despite surgery the prognosis is poor

    Strong fisheries management and governance positively impact ecosystem status

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    Fisheries have had major negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and effective fisheries management and governance are needed to achieve sustainable fisheries, biodiversity conservation goals and thus good ecosystem status. To date, the IndiSeas programme (Indicators for the Seas) has focussed on assessing the ecological impacts of fishing at the ecosystem scale using ecological indicators. Here, we explore fisheries Management Effectiveness' and Governance Quality' and relate this to ecosystem health and status. We developed a dedicated expert survey, focused at the ecosystem level, with a series of questions addressing aspects of management and governance, from an ecosystem-based perspective, using objective and evidence-based criteria. The survey was completed by ecosystem experts (managers and scientists) and results analysed using ranking and multivariate methods. Results were further examined for selected ecosystems, using expert knowledge, to explore the overall findings in greater depth. Higher scores for Management Effectiveness' and Governance Quality' were significantly and positively related to ecosystems with better ecological status. Key factors that point to success in delivering fisheries and conservation objectives were as follows: the use of reference points for management, frequent review of stock assessments, whether Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) catches were being accounted for and addressed, and the inclusion of stakeholders. Additionally, we found that the implementation of a long-term management plan, including economic and social dimensions of fisheries in exploited ecosystems, was a key factor in successful, sustainable fisheries management. Our results support the thesis that good ecosystem-based management and governance, sustainable fisheries and healthy ecosystems go together.IOC-UNESCO; EuroMarine; European FP7 MEECE research project; European Network of Excellence Eur-Oceans; FRB EMIBIOS project [212085]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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