13 research outputs found
The Top 10 Improvements to the Version 4 Level 2 CALIPSO Lidar Data Products
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Mg-Doped CuFeO<sub>2</sub> Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Mg-doped CuFeO<sub>2</sub> delafossite
is reported to be photoelectrochemically
active for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. The material was prepared via
conventional solid-state methods, and subsequently assembled into
an electrode as a pressed pellet. Addition of a Mg<sup>2+</sup> dopant
is found to substantially improve the conductivity of the material,
with 0.05% Mg-doped CuFeO<sub>2</sub> electrodes displaying photocathodic
currents under visible irradiation. Photocurrent is found to onset
at irradiation wavelengths of ∼800 nm with the incident photon-to-current
efficiency reaching a value of 14% at 340 nm using an applied electrode
potential of −0.4 V vs SCE. Photoelectrodes were determined
to have a −1.1 V vs SCE conduction band edge and were found
capable of the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to formate at 400 mV of
underpotential. The conversion efficiency is maximized at −0.9
V vs SCE, with H<sub>2</sub> production contributing as a considerable
side reaction. These results highlight the potential to produce Mg-doped
p-type metal oxide photocathodes with a band structure tuned to optimize
CO<sub>2</sub> reduction
<i>p</i>‑Type CuRhO<sub>2</sub> as a Self-Healing Photoelectrode for Water Reduction under Visible Light
Polycrystalline CuRhO<sub>2</sub> is investigated as a photocathode
for the splitting of water under visible irradiation. The band edge
positions of this material straddle the water oxidation and reduction
redox potentials. Thus, photogenerated conduction band electrons are
sufficiently energetic to reduce water, while the associated valence
band holes are energetically able to oxidize water to O<sub>2</sub>. Under visible illumination, H<sub>2</sub> production is observed
with ∼0.2 V underpotential in an air-saturated solution. In
contrast, H<sub>2</sub> production in an Ar-saturated solution was
found to be unstable. This instability is associated with the reduction
of the semiconductor forming Cu(s). However, in the presence of air
or O<sub>2</sub>, bulk Cu(s) was not detected, implying that CuRhO<sub>2</sub> is self-healing when air is present. This property allows
for the stable formation of H<sub>2</sub> with ca. 80% Faradaic efficiency
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DUSEL-related Science at LBNL -- Program and Opportunities
The National Science Foundation is advancing the design of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) at the former Homestake mine in South Dakota. UC Berkeley and LBNL are leading the design effort for the facility and coordinating the definition and integration of the suite of experiments to be coupled to the facility design in the creation of an MREFC (Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction) proposal. The State of South Dakota has marshaled 500--600M, roughly divided evenly between the experimental program and support for the facility. Construction was estimated at 6--8 years. The DOE and NSF are establishing a Joint Oversight Group (JOG) to coordinate the experimental programs and participation in DUSEL. It is anticipated that the JOG would mirror the similar function for the NSF and DOE participation in the LHC, and that DOE-HEP, DOE-NP, and NSF will all participate in the JOG. In parallel with the NSF efforts, DOE-HEP plans to develop a long baseline neutrino program with neutrino beams created at FNAL and aimed at DUSEL. In the P5 report the focus of the program is to pursue CP violation in the lepton sector. The same detectors can also be used for nucleon decay experiments. DOE has indicated that FNAL would be the ''lead lab'' for the long baseline neutrino program and be charged with designing and implementing the neutrino beamline. BNL is to be charged with designing and implementing the detector. The P5 report also emphasizes the importance of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches. The Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan strongly endorses DUSEL and the associated nuclear physics programs. It mentions, in particular, neutrinoless double beta decay, and accelerator-based nuclear astrophysics measurements as key elements of the DUSEL nuclear physics experimental program. There are numerous fundamental scientific questions that experiments which can naturally be sited at DUSEL can address. LBNL has a long tradition and track record of successful experiments in all of these areas: neutrino physics, dark matter searches, and nuclear astrophysics. Clearly, DUSEL presents many scientific opportunities, and the committee was charged to present a roadmap for LBNL participation, the impact that LBNL is likely to have on experiments at the present level of effort, the value of additional manpower, and opportunities for synergistic Detector R&D activities. The Berkeley community is already deeply involved in a number of experiments and/or proposals, shown in Table 1, that will be relevant to science at DUSEL. The approximate time lines for all projects considered in this report are shown in Table 2. For the DUSEL-related experiments the depth at which they would be located is also shown. Section 2 of this report deals with nuclear astrophysics. Section 3 discusses neutrinoless double beta decays. Section 4 focuses on neutrino oscillations, including the search for CP violation and proton decay. Section 5 deals with dark matter searches. In each section we give a brief overview of that field, review the present Berkeley efforts, and discuss the opportunities going into the future. Section 6 contains our recommendations
Introducing CALIPSO’s Version 4 Level 2 Lidar Data Products
International audienceThe NASA-CNES CALIPSO mission released Version 4.1 (V4.1) of their lidar level 2 (LL2) data products in November 2016. This new release from uses significantly improved retrieval algorithms to provide increased accuracy and substantially reduced uncertainties in the derived parameters. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the V4.1 LL2 data products, and show examples illustrating the improvements made in retrieving the spatial distributions and optical properties of clouds and aerosols
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Polycrystalline CuRhO2 is investigated as a photocathode for the splitting of water under visible irradiation. The band edge positions of this material straddle the water oxidation and reduction redox potentials. Thus, photogenerated conduction band electrons are sufficiently energetic to reduce water, while the associated valence band holes are energetically able to oxidize water to O2. Under visible illumination, H2 production is observed with ∼0.2 V underpotential in an air-saturated solution. In contrast, H2 production in an Ar-saturated solution was found to be unstable. This instability is associated with the reduction of the semiconductor forming Cu(s). However, in the presence of air or O2, bulk Cu(s) was not detected, implying that CuRhO2 is self-healing when air is present. This property allows for the stable formation of H2 with ca. 80% Faradaic efficiency