Muséologie comme champ disciplinaire: trajectoires

A partir de suas origens mais ou menos lendárias na Antiguidade grega, o museu evoluiu e nem sempre conservou e expôs coleções de coisas verdadeiras. Uma vez identificados os respectivos campos da museografia e da museologia, o século XX dedicou-se a nomear os diferentes aspectos que podem revestir o objeto de museu e as diferentes formas de percebê-lo, particularmente quando ele adquire sua autonomia ao ser exposto. Todo patrimônio tornou-se um bem moral da humanidade em geral e reivindicou-se para o museu um papel mais social. Sob esta perspectiva nasceram os museus comunitários e particularmente os ecomuseus, instrumento museal da população de determinado território. A partir de então, eles se opõem à nova tendência segundo a qual a busca pelo lucro faz esquecer que a missão primária dada ao museu sempre foi a educação.educação

À propos du Patrimoine en questions de Françoise Choay

Les publications sur le patrimoine sont foison. Et celles de Françoise Choay ne sont pas les moindres en intérêt, au nombre de trois ou quatre livres. Son Allégorie du patrimoine a sans doute été un des plus lus sur le sujet (peut-être, par rapport à d’autres, parce que son éditeur avait une meilleure distribution). C’est pourquoi j’attendais le dernier (Patrimoine en questions. Paris : Seuil, 2009, 223 p.) avec impatience, qui se voulait une synthèse historique appuyée sur les meilleurs text..

L’organisation des musées : une évolution difficile

The world of museums has changed considerably in recent years, with concerns for tourist and economic development, or performance, largely overshadowing social and even heritage conservation concerns. Following the logic of globalisation, a few “superstar museums”, like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, have been imposing their own modus operandi to the overall detriment of more modest establishments. The particular role of the State, in France, has contributed to the development of an outstanding museum infrastructure, in part to sustain a dominant position in terms of incoming tourist flows. However, this new perspective on heritage has also brought a change in the culture of museum organisation. As scientific staff are replaced by purely administrative staff at management level, the interests of the public authorities and the economy are increasingly liable to outweigh the interests of science and heritage.Le monde muséal a considérablement évolué ces dernières années ; des notions telles que le développement touristique et économique, ou la performance, ont largement pris le pas sur les préoccupations sociales, voire sur la conservation du patrimoine. Dans une logique mondialisée, quelques grands « musées superstars », à l’instar du musée Guggenheim de Bilbao, imposent largement leur logique de fonctionnement, au détriment de nombre d’établissements de taille plus modeste. Le rôle particulier de l’État, en France, contribue au développement d’une infrastructure muséale exceptionnelle, partiellement pour maintenir sa position dominante au niveau des flux de migration touristique. Mais ce renouveau patrimonial induit également un changement de culture sur le plan organisationnel. Des personnels purement administratifs remplacent les personnels scientifiques à la tête des établissements. L’autorité publique et l’intérêt économique encourent le risque de prendre le dessus sur l’intérêt scientifique et patrimonial

Interactive tools for the preservation, dissemination and study of silk heritage : an introduction to the SILKNOW Project

Silk was a major factor for progress in Europe, mostly along the Western Silk Road's network of production and market centers. The silk trade also allowed for the exchange of ideas and innovations, having impacts at economic, technical, functional, cultural and symbolic levels. However, silk has today become a seriously endangered heritage. Although many European specialized museums are devoted to its preservation, they usually lack the size and resources to take advantage of state-of-the-art digital technologies. The aim of this paper is twofold; firstly, we introduce SILKNOW, an interdisciplinary project that has been recently funded by the H2020 Programme of the European Union in order to preserve and promote the heritage of silk textiles; secondly, we introduce a set of interactive tools related to the projec

Patrimoine de marque : le passé au service du management de la marque

Researchers and practitioners talk about brand heritage even though its meaning and its difference from related concepts are not entirely clear. Through a review of the multidisciplinary literature, this article distinguishes brand heritage from the concepts of inheritance, retro, nostalgia, and authenticity. This article defines brand heritage as a dynamic construct based on an inherited or borrowed past, with a view to supporting brand identity and being transmitted. A total of 11 research propositions are presented within an inclusive framework that paves the way for future research and contributes to research on brand management and the role of consumers in creating value

Delineamentos para uma teoria da Museologia

The guiding principles in the formulation of a Museology theory were established\ud and disseminated internationally from the mid-1980s, and are related to the creation of the\ud International Committee for Museology (Icofom), associated with the International Council of\ud Museums (Icom). The opinions regarding the nature of so-called museological knowledge\ud were issued under the very specific conditions of each groups composition and of the intellectual\ud work undertook in the occasion. Despite the difficulties with the wording, risen in tandem with\ud the exercise (the terminology problem), we focused on the conjuncture that surrounded the\ud formulation: the environment, the aims, the way in which it was composed and the foundations\ud that characterise it, as well as some of the discussions that took place, which revealed aspects\ud that have been handed down as a legacy in this field of specialization

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men