For investigate the role of ultrasound and platelets count as an important marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of dengue patients

Background: Dengue is although self limiting viral disease but if severe complications take place than it becomes lethal. Plasma leakage is main pathology which results in fluid deposits in various organs. This plasma leakage is related to platelet count. Most important thing in treating dengue patient is to know the complications at the earliest. And ultrasound is the most sensitive and easily approachable, cost effective investigation for detecting the complications.Methods: This cross-sectional observational pilot study was carried out in the department of radiodiagnosis, pandit bhagwat dayal Sharma institute of medical sciences, Rohtak. One hundred and two patients with serologically confirmed dengue fever were included in this study. Ultrasound examinations were carried out by ultrasound machine with 5-13 MHZ probe by radiologists. Abdomen and thorax scanning were done thoroughly. Important findings like Gall bladder thickening hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, free fluid which are pathological markers for dengue were specially seen. Then these findings are relate to the age group and platelet count.Results: By applying chi square test we found that there is statistically difference in number of patients in age group 16-30 yrs having gall bladder wall thickening, hepatomegaly, free fluid, splenomegaly and pleural effusion as compared to other age groups (p<0.05) an also in patients having less than 20,000 platelets, only gall bladder thickening, ascites and hepatomegaly were statistically more significant as compared to other groups having more number of platelets (p<0.05).Conclusions: So, ultrasound and platelet count are important markers for diagnosis and prognosis of dengue patients. Ultrasound and Platelets count are important markers for the diagnosis as well as prognosis of dengue patients

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ULIPRISTAL ACETATE

Objective: To develop and validate UV spectrometric method for quantitative determination of ulipristal acetate.Methods: The solvent selected was methanol and detection was carried out at 302 nm.Results: Linearity of the proposed method was found to be between 5–20 μg/ml. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0062 μg/ml and 0.0187 μg/ml, respectively. The % recovery of the proposed method was found to be 98.83 %-100.32 %. The method was found to be precise as the values of % RSD obtained for both intraday and interday, precision studies were found to be&lt;2.0 %. The method was robust and can be useful for routine analysis of formulations containing ulipristal acetate.Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, sensitive, linear, accurate, precise and robust. The developed and validated method can be used for quantitative determination of ulipristal acetate in bulk drugs and dosage form.Â

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some novel thiazolidinones

A series of some novel thiazolidinones derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activities. Thiazolidinones were synthesized from p-nitro aniline in four steps. First Schiff’s bases (V1- 8) were prepared by reacting the N4 -(4-nitrophenyl) thiazole-2,4-diamine (3) of p-nitro aniline derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes. Cyclocondensation of the Schiff’s bases with thioglycolic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiazolidinone (VD1-8) analogues. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data. The synthesized selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some novel thiazolidinones

A series of some novel thiazolidinones derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activities. Thiazolidinones were synthesized from p-nitro aniline in four steps. First Schiff’s bases (V1- 8) were prepared by reacting the N4 -(4-nitrophenyl) thiazole-2,4-diamine (3) of p-nitro aniline derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes. Cyclocondensation of the Schiff’s bases with thioglycolic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiazolidinone (VD1-8) analogues. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data. The synthesized selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some novel thiazolidinones

A series of some novel thiazolidinones derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activities. Thiazolidinones were synthesized from p-nitro aniline in four steps. First Schiff’s bases (V1- 8) were prepared by reacting the N4 -(4-nitrophenyl) thiazole-2,4-diamine (3) of p-nitro aniline derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes. Cyclocondensation of the Schiff’s bases with thioglycolic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiazolidinone (VD1-8) analogues. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data. The synthesized selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

The human body at cellular resolution: the NIH Human Biomolecular Atlas Program

Abstract: Transformative technologies are enabling the construction of three-dimensional maps of tissues with unprecedented spatial and molecular resolution. Over the next seven years, the NIH Common Fund Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) intends to develop a widely accessible framework for comprehensively mapping the human body at single-cell resolution by supporting technology development, data acquisition, and detailed spatial mapping. HuBMAP will integrate its efforts with other funding agencies, programs, consortia, and the biomedical research community at large towards the shared vision of a comprehensive, accessible three-dimensional molecular and cellular atlas of the human body, in health and under various disease conditions

Reporting trends, practices, and resource utilization in neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate gland: a survey among thirty-nine genitourinary pathologists

Background: Neuroendocrine differentiation in the prostate gland ranges from clinically insignificant neuroendocrine differentiation detected with markers in an otherwise conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma to a lethal high-grade small/large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The concept of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic adenocarcinoma has gained considerable importance due to its prognostic and therapeutic ramifications and pathologists play a pivotal role in its recognition. However, its awareness, reporting, and resource utilization practice patterns among pathologists are largely unknown. Methods: Representative examples of different spectrums of neuroendocrine differentiation along with a detailed questionnaire were shared among 39 urologic pathologists using the survey monkey software. Participants were specifically questioned about the use and awareness of the 2016 WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate, understanding of the clinical significance of each entity, and use of different immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. De-identified respondent data were analyzed. Results: A vast majority (90%) of the participants utilize IHC markers to confirm the diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. A majority (87%) of the respondents were in agreement regarding the utilization of type of IHC markers for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma for which 85% of the pathologists agreed that determination of the site of origin of a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma is not critical, as these are treated similarly. In the setting of mixed carcinomas, 62% of respondents indicated that they provide quantification and grading of the acinar component. There were varied responses regarding the prognostic implication of focal neuroendocrine cells in an otherwise conventional acinar adenocarcinoma and for Paneth cell-like differentiation. The classification of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was highly varied, with only 38% agreement in the illustrated case. Finally, despite the recommendation not to perform neuroendocrine markers in the absence of morphologic evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation, 62% would routinely utilize IHC in the work-up of a Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10 acinar adenocarcinoma and its differentiation from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the practice utilization patterns among the urologic pathologists with regard to diagnosing high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and in understanding the clinical significance of focal neuroendocrine cells in an otherwise conventional acinar adenocarcinoma and Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation. There seems to have a trend towards overutilization of IHC to determine neuroendocrine differentiation in the absence of neuroendocrine features on morphology. The survey results suggest a need for further refinement and development of standardized guidelines for the classification and reporting of neuroendocrine differentiation in the prostate gland

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts