1,415 research outputs found
Clearing price distributions in call auctions
We propose a model for price formation in financial markets based on clearing
of a standard call auction with random orders, and verify its validity for
prediction of the daily closing price distribution statistically. The model
considers random buy and sell orders, placed following demand- and supply-side
valuation distributions; an equilibrium equation then leads to a distribution
for clearing price and transacted volume. Bid and ask volumes are left as free
parameters, permitting possibly heavy-tailed or very skewed order flow
conditions. In highly liquid auctions, the clearing price distribution
converges to an asymptotically normal central limit, with mean and variance in
terms of supply/demand-valuation distributions and order flow imbalance. By
means of simulations, we illustrate the influence of variations in order flow
and valuation distributions on price/volume, noting a distinction between high-
and low-volume auction price variance. To verify the validity of the model
statistically, we predict a year's worth of daily closing price distributions
for 5 constituents of the Eurostoxx 50 index; Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics and
QQ-plots demonstrate with ample statistical significance that the model
predicts closing price distributions accurately, and compares favourably with
alternative methods of prediction
Cluster algebras of type
In this paper we study cluster algebras \myAA of type . We solve
the recurrence relations among the cluster variables (which form a T--system of
type ). We solve the recurrence relations among the coefficients of
\myAA (which form a Y--system of type ). In \myAA there is a
natural notion of positivity. We find linear bases \BB of \myAA such that
positive linear combinations of elements of \BB coincide with the cone of
positive elements. We call these bases \emph{atomic bases} of \myAA. These
are the analogue of the "canonical bases" found by Sherman and Zelevinsky in
type . Every atomic basis consists of cluster monomials together
with extra elements. We provide explicit expressions for the elements of such
bases in every cluster. We prove that the elements of \BB are parameterized
by \ZZ^3 via their --vectors in every cluster. We prove that the
denominator vector map in every acyclic seed of \myAA restricts to a
bijection between \BB and \ZZ^3. In particular this gives an explicit
algorithm to determine the "virtual" canonical decomposition of every element
of the root lattice of type . We find explicit recurrence relations
to express every element of \myAA as linear combinations of elements of
\BB.Comment: Latex, 40 pages; Published online in Algebras and Representation
Theory, springer, 201
Patients' Post-/Long-COVID Symptoms, Vaccination and Functional Status-Findings from a State-Wide Online Screening Study.
(1) Background: Better understanding of post-/long-COVID and limitations in daily life due to the symptoms as well as the preventive potential of vaccinations is required. It is unclear whether the number of doses and timepoint interrelate with the trajectory of post-/long-COVID. Accordingly, we examined how many patients positively screened with post-/long-COVID were vaccinated and whether the vaccination status and the timepoint of vaccination in relation to the acute infection were related to post-/long-COVID symptom severity and patients' functional status (i.e., perceived symptom severity, social participation, workability, and life satisfaction) over time. (2) Methods: 235 patients suffering from post-/long-COVID were recruited into an online survey in Bavaria, Germany, and assessed at baseline (T1), after approximately three weeks (T2), and approximately four weeks (T3). (3) Results: 3.5% were not vaccinated, 2.3% were vaccinated once, 20% twice, and 53.3% three times. Overall, 20.9% did not indicate their vaccination status. The timepoint of vaccination was related to symptom severity at T1, and symptoms decreased significantly over time. Being vaccinated more often was associated with lower life satisfaction and workability at T2. (4) Conclusions: This study provides evidence to get vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, as it has shown that symptom severity was lower in those patients who were vaccinated prior to the infection compared to those getting infected prior to or at the same time of the vaccination. However, the finding that being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 more often correlated with lower life satisfaction and workability requires more attention. There is still an urgent necessity for appropriate treatment for overcoming long-/post-COVID symptoms efficiently. Vaccination can be part of prevention measures, and there is still a need for a communication strategy providing objective information about the usefulness and risks of vaccinations
"An apple pie a day does not keep the doctor away": Fictional depictions of gout in contemporary film and television.
BACKGROUND: Fictional portrayals of illness and medical management in film and television can reflect and perpetuate cultural stereotypes about illness. The aim of this study was to analyse fictional depictions of gout in contemporary film and television. METHODS: We conducted a search for English language depictions of gout in film and television since 1990 using the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), other internet media databases, and member suggestions from the Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN). Film and television episodes with gout content were analysed for depictions of characters with gout, causal factors, and management strategies (n=44). RESULTS: Gout was used to denote royalty or nobility in historical settings, and as a plot device to explain the absence of characters from key events. The most commonly depicted causes of gout were overindulgence of food and alcohol (61%), and portrayals of biological causes were infrequent (12%). Common management strategies were change in diet (36%) and short-term pain relief (32%), with only one mention of urate-lowering therapy (5%). The majority of films and television episodes depicted gout as humorous (59%) and embarrassing (50%). CONCLUSIONS: In contemporary film and television, gout is portrayed as a humorous and embarrassing condition, caused by dietary indulgence. These depictions may reinforce inaccurate beliefs about the causes of gout and its management
Invariants and separating morphisms for algebraic group actions
The first part of this paper is a refinement of Winkelmann’s work on invariant rings and quotients of algebraic group actions on affine varieties, where we take a more geometric point of view. We show that the (algebraic) quotient X//G given by the possibly not finitely generated ring of invariants is “almost” an algebraic variety, and that the quotient morphism π: X → X//G has a number of nice properties. One of the main difficulties comes from the fact that the quotient morphism is not necessarily surjective. These general results are then refined for actions of the additive group Ga, where we can say much more. We get a rather explicit description of the so-called plinth variety and of the separating variety, which measures how much orbits are separated by invariants. The most complete results are obtained for representations. We also give a complete and detailed analysis of Roberts’ famous example of a an action of Ga on 7-dimensional affine space with a non-finitely generated ring of invariants
On the ideals of equivariant tree models
We introduce equivariant tree models in algebraic statistics, which unify and
generalise existing tree models such as the general Markov model, the strand
symmetric model, and group based models. We focus on the ideals of such models.
We show how the ideals for general trees can be determined from the ideals for
stars. The main novelty is our proof that this procedure yields the entire
ideal, not just an ideal defining the model set-theoretically. A corollary of
theoretical importance is that the ideal for a general tree is generated by the
ideals of its flattenings at vertices.Comment: 23 pages. Greatly improved exposition, in part following suggestions
by a referee--thanks! Also added exampl
Inertial Rise in Short Capillaries
In this fluid dynamics video we show capillary rise experiments with diethyl
ether in short tubes. The height of each short tube is less than the maximum
height the liquid can achieve, and therefore the liquid reaches the top of the
tube while still rising. Over a narrow range of heights, the ether bulges out
from the top of the tube and spreads onto the external wall.Comment: Includes 2 videos for the Gallery of Fluid Motion in the 2013
American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics Annual Meetin
Greenhouse Evaluation of Air-Assisted Delivery Parameters for Mature Poinsettias
Understanding the performance characteristics of application equipment is important for helping make the most efficacious applications. While handguns making high volume applications are common in greenhouse production, it is difficult to achieve uniform distribution of product in a timely manner. Broadcast applications made using air-assistance can help aid canopy penetration and the volume of carrier required to make applications. The objectives of this research were to determine how air-assist sprayer application parameters influence spray deposits on the undersides of leaves in a mature poinsettia canopy. Bench-top trials were conducted using a motorized boom inside a greenhouse to treat a mature and dense poinsettia canopy. Sprayer treatments applied a tank mix of water and fluorescent tracer. Nylon screen targets were secured to the underside surfaces of leaves in the upper and lower elevation of target plants. A five-port, air-assist nozzle with flat fan nozzle tips was used to make the applications. Three air outlet speeds, two travel speeds, and three nozzle flow rates were evaluated. Each treatment was replicated three times. Spray deposits were highly variable. Upper elevation spray deposits were significantly greater than lower elevation deposits. Individually, higher air outlet speed (36.0 m s(-1)), slower travel speed (3.2 km h(-1)), and higher nozzle flow rate (1.17 L min(-1)) tended to produce higher sprayer deposits on the underside surfaces of leaves. The combination of travel speed and nozzle flow rate that produced the highest application rate (900 L ha(-1)) also produced the highest deposits. There was a 500% increase in underside leaf surface deposits in the lower canopy area for a corresponding 500% increase in application rate. However, the main effects produced no significant differences in spray deposits in the lower canopy area. Further improvements in directing sprays or providing canopy turbulence are necessary to improve deposition and management of insect pests feeding on the underside of poinsettia leaves
Effects of pumping on entomopathogenic nematodes and temperature increase within a spray system
Exposure to hydrodynamic stresses and increased temperature during hydraulic agitation within a spray system could cause permanent damage to biological pesticides during spray application. Damage to a benchmark biopesticide, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), was measured after a single passage through three different pump types (centrifugal, diaphragm, and roller) at operating pressures up to 828 kPa. No mechanical damage to the EPNs due to passage through the pumps was observed. Separate tests evaluated the effect of pump recirculation on temperature increase of water within a laboratory spray system (56.8-L spray tank) and a conventional-scale spray system (1136-L spray tank). A constant volume of water (45.4 L) was recirculated through each pump at 15.1 L/min within the laboratory spray system. After 2 h, the temperature increase for the centrifugal pump was 33.6 degrees C, and for the diaphragm and roller pumps was 8.5 degrees C and 11.2 degrees C, respectively. The centrifugal pump was also evaluated within the conventional spray system, under both a constant (757 L) and reducing volume scenario, resulting in an average temperature increase of 3.2 degrees C and 6.5 degrees C, respectively, during the 3-h test period. When comparing the number of recirculations for each test, the rate of temperature increase was the same for the conventional spray, system (for both the constant and reducing volume scenarios), while for the laboratory spray system the temperature increased at a greater rate, suggesting that the volume capacity of the spray tank is the primary factor influencing the temperature increase. Results from this study indicate that thermal influences during pump recirculation could be more detrimental to EPNs than mechanical stress. Results show that extensive recirculation of the tank mix can cause considerable increases in the liquid temperature. Diaphragm and roller pumps (low-capacity pumps) are better suited for use with biopesticides compared to the centrifugal pump, which was found to contribute significant heat to the spray system
Screening and assessment for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), guidance by personal pilots and support with individual digital trainings within intersectoral care: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: Because the clinical patterns and symptoms that persist after a COVID-19 infection are diverse, a diagnosis of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is difficult to implement. The current research project therefore aims to evaluate the feasibility and the practicability of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral treatment program consisting of a low-threshold online screening and holistic assessment for PACS. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate digital interventions and the use of so-called personal guides that may help to facilitate the recovery of PACS. METHODS: This German study consists of a low-threshold online screening for PACS where positively screened participants will be supported throughout by personal pilots. The personal pilots are aimed at empowering patients and helping them to navigate through the study and different treatment options. Patients will then be randomly assigned either to an intervention group (IG) or an active control group (ACG). The IG will receive a comprehensive assessment of physiological and psychological functioning to inform future treatment. The ACG does not receive the assessment but both groups will receive a treatment consisting of an individual digital treatment program (digital intervention platform and an intervention via a chatbot). This digital intervention is based on the needs identified during the assessment for participants in the IG. Compared to that, the ACG will receive a more common digital treatment program aiming to reduce PACS symptoms. Importantly, a third comparison group (CompG) will be recruited that does not receive any treatment. A propensity score matching will take place, ensuring comparability between the participants. Primary endpoints of the study are symptom reduction and return to work. Secondary outcomes comprise, for example, social participation and activities in daily life. Furthermore, the feasibility and applicability of the online screening tool, the holistic assessment, digital trainings, and personal pilots will be evaluated. DISCUSSION: This is one of the first large-scale studies to improve the diagnosis and the care of patients with PACS by means of empowerment. It is to be evaluated whether the methods utilized can be used for the German and international population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05238415; date of registration: February 14, 2022
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