L’évaluation des SAMI (système d’apprentissage multimédia interactif) : de la théorie à la pratique

Cet article traite de la mise au point d'une stratégie de collecte de données visant à regrouper et à analyser les facteurs sous-jacents au développement d'une interactivité significative dans des situations d'apprentissage médiatisé. Les auteurs ont conçu un modèle adapté d'analyse axée principalement sur une approche qualitative; ils ont utilisé à cette fin des méthodes intégrant la technique de l'entrevue, l'observation directe et l'analyse de protocoles. Celles-ci ont permis de cerner les facteurs perceptifs, transactionnels, cognitifs, pédagogiques et évaluatifs qui peuvent diriger la prise de décision des concepteurs de systèmes d'apprentissage multimédia interactifs. Des mises à l'essai de ce modèle à l'aide de concepteurs issus des milieux de formation scolaire ont indiqué la pertinence et le raffinement des analyses possibles.This article describes the development of a data collection strategy whose aim is to classify and analyse the factors underlying interaction in mediated learning situations. The authors present a model for analysis that is centred principally on a qualitative approach which integrates an interview technique, direct observation, and protocol analysis. These methods were used to describe perceptual, transactional, cognitive, pedagogical, and evaluative factors that could influence decisions made by those who develop interactive multimedia learning systems. Results of trials using this model by developers who work in training and in school contexts show the possible value and the detail that these analyses offer.Este articulo discute la preparacion de una estrategia de recoleccion de datos que busca reagrupar y analizar los factores subyacentes al desarrollo de una interactividad significativa en situaciones de aprendizaje mediatizado. Los autores han creado un modelo adaptado de anâlisis basado principalmente en un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando para es to métodos que integran la técnica de entrevistas, la observation directa y el anâlisis de protocolos. Estos métodos han permitido distinguir los factores perceptuales, transaccionales, cognos-citivos, pedagogicos y evaluativos que pudieran dirigir la toma de decisiones de los disenadores de sistemas de aprendizaje interactivo multimedios. Ensayos de este modelo con disenadores en ambitos de formation y escolar han indicado la pertinencia y el refinamiento del anâlisis posible.Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Aufstellung einer Datenerfassungs-strategie, die bezweckt, die Vorrausetzungen fur die Entwicklung einer signifikanten Interaktion in mediatisierten Lernsituationen zusammenzustellen und zu analysieren. Die Verfasser haben ein hauptsâchlich auf qualitatives Vbrgehen hin konzipiertes Untersuchungsmodell entworfen, wobei sie Methoden benùtzten, die das Interview, die direkte Beobachtung und die Protokollanalyse integrieren. Mit diesen Metiioden konnten die Perzeptions-, Transaktions-und Kognitionsfaktoren, sowie die pâdagogischen und die Beurteilungsfaktoren erfasst werden, die fur die Autoren neuer interaktiver Multimedia-Lernsysteme wichtig sind. Das Modell wurde mit Hilfe von von der Bildung oder Schule her kommenden Autoren erprobt; die Relevanz der Untersuchungen wurde dabei bestâtigt

Behavioral Impact of Unisensory and Multisensory Audio-Tactile Events: Pros and Cons for Interlimb Coordination in Juggling

Recent behavioral neuroscience research revealed that elementary reactive behavior can be improved in the case of cross-modal sensory interactions thanks to underlying multisensory integration mechanisms. Can this benefit be generalized to an ongoing coordination of movements under severe physical constraints? We choose a juggling task to examine this question. A central issue well-known in juggling lies in establishing and maintaining a specific temporal coordination among balls, hands, eyes and posture. Here, we tested whether providing additional timing information about the balls and hands motions by using external sound and tactile periodic stimulations, the later presented at the wrists, improved the behavior of jugglers. One specific combination of auditory and tactile metronome led to a decrease of the spatiotemporal variability of the juggler's performance: a simple sound associated to left and right tactile cues presented antiphase to each other, which corresponded to the temporal pattern of hands movement in the juggling task. A contrario, no improvements were obtained in the case of other auditory and tactile combinations. We even found a degraded performance when tactile events were presented alone. The nervous system thus appears able to integrate in efficient way environmental information brought by different sensory modalities, but only if the information specified matches specific features of the coordination pattern. We discuss the possible implications of these results for the understanding of the neuronal integration process implied in audio-tactile interaction in the context of complex voluntary movement, and considering the well-known gating effect of movement on vibrotactile perception

Intrinsic Disorder and Salt-dependent Conformational Changes of the N-terminal TFIP11 Splicing Factor

editorial reviewedAbstractTuftelin Interacting Protein 11 (TFIP11) was recently identified as a critical human spliceosome assembly regulator. Indeed, it is involved in many biological functions including the interaction with multiple spliceosome key proteins and its localisation in several membrane-less organelles. However, there is a lack of structural information on TFIP11, which limits the rationalisation of its biological role. TFIP11 has been predicted as a highly disordered protein, and specifically concerning its N-terminal (N-TER) region. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lack a defined tertiary structure, existing as a dynamic conformational ensemble, which favours their role as hubs in protein-protein and protein-RNA interaction networks. Furthermore, IDPs are involved in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) which drives the formation of subnuclear compartments. In this study, we have refined the disorder prediction of TFIP11 N-TER region and subsequently performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess its conformational flexibility and the interplay between their different N-TER domains. We further confirm that TFIP11 may be described as a polyampholyte IDP with a flexible conformation. Furthermore, since LLPS formation and IDP conformational changes are salt-dependent phenomena we have investigated by MD simulations the influence of salt concentration in shaping the conformational ensemble of the N-TER region of TFIP11. Increasing the salt concentration enhances the flexibility of the TFIP11 N-TER conformation, which presents a fuzzier conformational landscape, a more globular shape, and an unstructured arrangement that could favor LLPS segregation and protein-RNA interaction

Safe-by-design for materials and chemicals: Towards an innovation programme in Horizon Europe

Non-paper Safe-by-design of materials and chemicals: Towards an innovation programme in Horizon Europe In the global transition to a safe and circular economy, the EU can play a leading role by developing innovative, safer and sustainable materials, chemicals, products and services. EU innovation policy, as a complement to chemicals policy, could stimulate the development and adoption of such innovations. An informal working group of experts from government, academia and industry has developed a non-paper about the main topics for an innovation programme, in Horizon Europe or other European programmes, that could accelerate the design, development and adoption of safer alternatives to new and existing applications (materials, chemicals, products and services) where safety hazards (may) arise. The document proposes three funding areas for a Horizon Europe programme: developing and improving methodologies for safe (re)design of chemicals and materials to ensure that toxicity and other lifecycle considerations (including circularity) are integrated into design processes; thematic Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I) to overcome technical and scientific challenges in areas where it has been difficult to find safer alternatives; creating an enabling environment: Knowledge exchange, education and supply chain cooperation to set up safe-by-design as a new interdisciplinary approach.van der Waals J.F.M., Falk A., Fantke P., Filippousi P., Flipphi R.C.H., Mottet D., Trier X. (2019). Safe-by-design for materials and chemicals: Towards an innovation programme in Horizon Europe

DHX15-independent roles for TFIP11 in U6 snRNA modification, U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP assembly and pre-mRNA splicing fidelity

International audienceThe U6 snRNA, the core catalytic component of the spliceosome, is extensively modified post-transcriptionally, with 2’-O-methylation being most common. However, how U6 2’-O-methylation is regulated remains largely unknown. Here we report that TFIP11, the human homolog of the yeast spliceosome disassembly factor Ntr1, localizes to nucleoli and Cajal Bodies and is essential for the 2’-O-methylation of U6. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TFIP11 knockdown reduces the association of U6 snRNA with fibrillarin and associated snoRNAs, therefore altering U6 2′-O-methylation. We show U6 snRNA hypomethylation is associated with changes in assembly of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP leading to defects in spliceosome assembly and alterations in splicing fidelity. Strikingly, this function of TFIP11 is independent of the RNA helicase DHX15, its known partner in yeast. In sum, our study demonstrates an unrecognized function for TFIP11 in U6 snRNP modification and U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP assembly, identifying TFIP11 as a critical spliceosome assembly regulator

Linking people, places and products. A guide for promoting quality linked to geographical origin and sustainable geographical indications

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. The views expressed in the contribution by SINER-GI members are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the potential use of the information contained herein

The Anti-Tumor Effect of HDAC Inhibition in a Human Pancreas Cancer Model Is Significantly Improved by the Simultaneous Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase 2

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with no satisfactory treatment to date. In this study, we tested whether the combined inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) may results in a better control of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The impact of the concomitant HDAC and COX-2 inhibition on cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed first in vitro on human pancreas BxPC-3, PANC-1 or CFPAC-1 cells treated with chemical inhibitors (SAHA, MS-275 and celecoxib) or HDAC1/2/3/7 siRNA. To test the potential antitumoral activity of this combination in vivo, we have developed and characterized, a refined chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model that histologically and proteomically mimics human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The combination of HDAC1/3 and COX-2 inhibition significantly impaired proliferation of BxPC-3 cells in vitro and stalled entirely the BxPC-3 cells tumor growth onto the chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. The combination was more effective than either drug used alone. Consistently, we showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibition induced the expression of COX-2 via the NF-kB pathway. Our data demonstrate, for the first time in a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, a significant action of HDAC and COX-2 inhibitors on cancer cell growth, which sets the basis for the development of potentially effective new combinatory therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.Peer reviewe