Effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced oxidative and proinflammatory lung injury in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies

Purpose: To examine the probable beneficial effects of taxifolin against acrylamide damage in lung tissue.Methods: 18 male albino Wistar rats were divided into healthy (HG), acrylamide (AG) and taxifolin + acrylamide (TAG) groups. Once a day for 30 days, acrylamide was orally administered to the AG group (50 mg/kg), while ACL (50 mg/kg) and TAX (20 mg/kg) were orally administered to TAG group. Protein concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total glutathione (tGSH) levels as well as oxidant and antioxidant molecules concentrations of the rat lung tissues were measured. In addition, degree of mononuclear (MN) cell infiltration and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia was evaluated by the degree of hyperplasia (absent, mild, moderate, severe). The histopathological andbiochemical data the groups were compared.Results: When compared in terms of MDA levels, it was found that the AG group had high MDA levels, and the TAG group had low MDA levels. (p < 0.001). TAG group was found to have a higher tGSH level than the AG group (p < 0.001). Compared to the AG group, lower TOS and higher TAS levels were obtained in the TAG group (p < 0.001). In addition, when TOS levels of TAG and HG groups were compared, the TOS levels between the two groups were statistically insignificant (p = 0.213). It has been observed that TAX administration prevents the increase in NF-ƘB level. When the NF-ƘB levels of the AG and TAG groups were compared with each other, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). In the AG group, severe MN cell hyperplasia and BALT hyperplasia were observed histopathologically. It was determined that these findings were alleviated in the TAG group. A histopathologically significant difference was found between AG and TAG groups (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Taxifolin has beneficial effects against lung injury caused by acrylamide, a healthdamaging environmental factor. Regular use of taxifolin can be recommended, especially in people who are known to have intense contact with acrylamide. There is a need for research studies on this subject

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The relation between the location and the perforation rate of lung hydatid cysts in children

Summary: Background/Objective: The pressure, size, and central or peripheral location of lung hydatid cysts are the most studied topics among the factors affecting perforation. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between the location and the perforation rate of lung hydatid cysts in children. Methods: 197 patients under the age of 16 years, who were operated between January 2000 and December 2016 due to pulmonary hydatid cysts, were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who had giant hydatid cysts (n = 27), bilateral hydatid cysts (n = 24), and more than one cyst in one lung (n = 12) were excluded to create a more homogeneous group to enable investigation of the relation between the location and the perforation rates of hydatid cysts. Finally, 134 patients who had only one hydatid cyst were classified into two groups: Group 1 with perforated cysts and Group 2 with intact hydatid cysts. Results: 70.9% of the patients were male. In total, 134 cysts were detected and 41% were perforated. The highest perforation rates were detected in the right middle lobe (70%) and the lingula (66.7%). There was a statistically significant difference between the location of the cysts and the perforation rates (p = 0.018). Also hydatid cysts located in the right middle lobe and the lingula had higher postoperative complication rates than hydatid cysts located in the upper and lower lobes (p = 0.018). Conclusion: We recommend surgical treatment as soon as possible in children with hydatid cysts located in the right middle lobe and lingula to prevent the risk of perforation. Keywords: Children, Hydatid cyst, Location, Perforatio

Is Anatomic Lung Resection Necessary in Surgical Treatment of Giant Lung Hydatid Cysts in Childhood?

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of parenchymal saving methods for giant lung hydatid cysts and to discuss the necessity of anatomic lung resection in childhood

Mediastinal granulomatous reaction in lung cancer in cappadocia region

Aim: This study aims to investigate the mediastinal granulomatous reactions detected during invasive staging in patients undergoing surgical treatment due to lung cancer in Cappadocia region. Material and Method: 469 patients were included in the study who underwent surgical treatment for lung cancer between 2003 and 2016 in Cappadocia region. Lymph node stations sampled by mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy were evaluated during the invasive staging of the patients. Results: A total of 2637 (mean: 5.6) lymph node stations were sampled from 469 patients with mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy. 21 (4.4%) patients had a granulomatous reaction. The numbers of male and female patients were 17 and 4, respectively. The age of the patients ranged from 52 to 73 years (mean 62.19 +/- 7.5). It was determined that the most common type of cancer in patients with granulomatous reactions were squamous carcinoma (n = 9). Other common cancers were adenocarcinoma (n = 7) and large cell (n = 2) carcinoma. Lymph node metastasis and sarcoidosis reaction association were found in two patients. Discussion: The frequency of granulomatous reactions for lung cancer is 4.4% in Cappadocia region. Although the granulomatous reaction is more frequent in early stage disease, it may be seen in advanced stage patients and may accompany metastatic lymph nodes

Is Bilateral Staged Muscle-Sparing Thoracotomy Performed within 1 Week for Lung Hydatid Cysts Safe for Pediatric Patients?

OBJECTIVES: Median sternotomy or staged thoracotomies are generally the preferred surgical treatment options for bilateral lung hydatid cysts. According to literature, it is usually recommended to wait from 3 weeks to 3 months between bilateral staged thoracotomies. The aim of this study is to compare postoperative complications, hospitalization days and morbidity and mortality ratios between unilateral thoracotomy and bilateral staged thoracotomy groups and to evaluate the safety of performing bilateral staged thoracotomy within 1 week for lung hydatid cysts in pediatric patients

Surgical treatment outcomes of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is an extremely rare disease. The aim of this study was to share the surgical outcomes of these tumors. METHODS: Patients who were operated for pulmonary myofibroblastic tumors between January 2005 and January 2021 were determined by retrospectively scanning patient files. Patients' demographic characteristics, tumor location, surgical techniques, and other parameters were obtained from the patient files. The KaplanMeier method was used for survival calculations, whereas the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival calculations.RESULTS: PIMTs were noted in 14 patients (0.12%) in a total of 11,108 thoracic procedures performed in our institution between January 2005 and January 2021. The mean age of the patients was 28.2 (range: 2-67) years. Of the patients, six were male and eight were female, with 50% (n = 7) aged under 18 years. A total of 17 surgical procedures were performed on 14 patients. One patient underwent pneumonectomy, two patients lobectomy, ten0 patients wedge resection, and one patient underwent debulking surgery. A total of 11 patients had complete surgery, whereas three patients had incomplete surgery. The 10-year overall survival was 84.6% and the 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 75.0%. Complete resection was found to be the only and significant factor that had an effect on survival (P = 0.004) and DFS (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: PIMTs are extremely rare. Complete surgery should be considered an effective factor in survival and DFS

Congenital lobar emphysema: diagnosis and treatment options

Although congenital lobar emphysema is a rare lung disease, it can cause severe respiratory distress in the newborn. Lobectomy can be difficult because of the hyperinflated lobe and limited space to carry out surgery. During the past two decades, conservative treatment options have increased for patients with mild and moderate disease

I Am so Happy 'Cause My Best Friend Makes Me Feel Unique: Friendship, Personal Sense of Uniqueness and Happiness

WOS: 000323740500007Decades of empirical research leave no doubt that friendship experiences are consistent correlates of happiness. Yet, little is known about how friendships are related to happiness. The present study examined personal sense of uniqueness as a mediator of the relationship between same-sex best friendship quality and happiness in three samples each employing a different measure of happiness (n = 2,429). Results provided support to the mediational model in every sample and showed that it was gender invariant. The findings suggest that one reason why the quality of friendships is related to happiness is because friendship experiences promote individuals' feelings of uniqueness. The implications of the findings for friendship and happiness research are discussed and directions for future research are outlined

Recognition of emotional facial expressions and broad autism phenotype in parents of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder

Objective: Research findings debate about features of broad autism phenotype. In this study, we tested whether parents of children with autism have problems recognizing emotional facial expression and the contribution of such an impairment to the broad phenotype of autism