Marsilea strigosa Willd. en dos localidades de la provincia de Córdoba

Marsilea strigosa Willd. es un helecho semi-acuático raro y muy localizado en la Península Ibérica (Paivia 1986), cuyo hábitat principal lo constituyen los estanques temporales mediterráneos. El descubrimiento de dos poblaciones cordobesas nos ha parecido digno de difundir. Se identifi caron varios especímenes con obras de referencia (Paivia 1986, Prelli 2001

Flora de interés corológico para Andalucía occidental

Flora of chorologycal interest for Western AndalusiaPalabras clave. Corología, Biogeografía, Andalucía Occidental, España.Key words. Chorology, Biogeography, Western Andalusia, Spain

Metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria con ansiedad social

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between high social anxiety, academic goals and learning strategies in a sample of 2,022 (51.1% male) Spanish adolescents aged 12–16. The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) and Learning and Studies Skills Strategies Inventory — High School Version (LASSI-HS) were used to assess the variables. The results showed no statistically significant differences in goal orientations between students with and without high social anxiety. However, students with high social anxiety used learning strategies significantly less. In addition, the logistic regression results indicated that high social anxiety acts as a significant predictor for setting social reinforcement goals and learning and study strategies.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la alta ansiedad social, las metas académicas y las estrategias de aprendizaje en una muestra de 2,022 (51.1% varones) adolescentes españoles de 12 a 16 años. Las variables fueron evaluadas mediante los cuestionarios Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) y Learning And Studies Skills Inventory — High school (LASSI-HS). Los resultados no mostraron ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las orientaciones de meta entre estudiantes con y sin alta ansiedad social. No obstante, los estudiantes con alta ansiedad social utilizaron significativamente menos estrategias de aprendizaje. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos de la regresión logística señalaron que la alta ansiedad social actúa como predictor significativo de las metas de reconocimiento social y de las estrategias de aprendizaje y estudio.This work has been funded by the SEJ 2004-07311/EDUC Project, under the Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo de Innovación Tecnológica del MEC (MEC National Plan for Scientific Research and Technological Innovation Development). / Este artículo de investigación ha sido financiado a través del Proyecto SEJ 2004-07311/EDUC perteneciente al Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica del MEC

Database model for the elaboration of virtual herbarium

En este proyecto se ha elaborado una base de datos adaptativa, y con aplicación a lo largo de la vida profesional del alumnado, con fines didácticos para ayudar a la identificación de características vegetativas de plantas comunes en la Sierra de Córdoba. El objeto es incluir esta herramienta en los materiales de las asignaturas que se imparten en el Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Esta base de datos utiliza principalmente la hoja como carácter para la identificación de especies, incluyendo también información sobre el tallo, inflorescencia, flor o fruto. Se ha pretendido construir un instrumento adaptativo de ayuda en el desarrollo del dominio experto en la identificación de especies vegetales que todo biólogo debe poseer para su desempeño profesional.An adaptive database, with an application throughout the professional life of the students, has been developed in this project, with didactic purposes to help identify the vegetative characteristics of common plants in the Sierra de Córdoba. The purpose is to include this tool in the materials of the subjects taught in the Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology. This database uses mainly the leaf as character for the identification of species, also including information about the stem, inflorescence, flower or fruit. It has been tried to construct an adaptive instrument of aid in the development of the expert domain in the identification of vegetal species that every biologist must possess for its professional performance

Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents and School Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties in French adolescents

School and social anxiety are common problems and have a significant impact on youths’ development. Nevertheless, the questionnaires to assess these anxious symptoms in French adolescents have limitations. The aim of this study is to provide a French version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the School Anxiety Inventory (SAI), analysing their psychometric properties by the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity. The SAS-A and the SAI were collectively administered in a sample of 1011 French adolescents (48.5% boys) ranging in age from 11 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the previously identified correlated three-factor structure of the SAS-A and the correlated four-factor structure of the SAI. Acceptable internal consistency indexes were found for SAS-A and SAI scores. Correlations supported the convergent validity of the questionnaires’ subscales. Overall, results supported the internal consistency and validity of the French versions of the SAS-A and SAI

Use of interactive response devices for the improvement of teaching in the degrees of the Faculty of Sciences

La implantación de los nuevos Grados dentro del EEES supone un nuevo enfoque metodológico, pero sobre todo evaluador. El profesor debe esforzarse en ser capaz de valorar no sólo el nivel de conocimientos del alumnado sobre los contenidos, ya que la sociedad actual demanda un perfil de los egresados más completo basado en la formación por competencias. La adquisición de ambas facetas por parte del alumnado se basa principalmente en actividades presenciales y metodologías docentes aplicadas en el desarrollo de las asignaturas, tanto en grupo reducido como en grupo completo. Por tanto, cualquier herramienta adicional que ayude al docente a facilitar esta doble tarea es bien recibida, pues permitirá evaluar el rendimiento académico global del alumnado. Recientemente la Facultad de Ciencias ha puesto en marcha una experiencia piloto mediante la cual un nutrido grupo de profesores ha incorporado en su docencia un sistema de mandos inalámbricos de respuesta. Actualmente, la Facultad de Ciencias dispone de un total de 82 mandos inalámbricos de respuesta y tres antenas receptoras. Esta nueva tecnología ha permitido al docente realizar, de forma interactiva, preguntas colectivas al alumnado y recoger las respuestas individuales de forma inmediata. Los resultados obtenidos en este proyecto nos permiten ser muy optimistas con el uso de esta herramienta y nos animan a continuar en la misma línea. El profesorado participante se ha mostrado dispuesto a continuar empleando esta TIC en su docencia, tratando de abarcar más asignaturas, diversificar el tipo de pruebas, y emplear los mandos de respuesta en grupo completo, cuando el número de alumnos lo permita. La puesta en común de los resultados revela que, de forma general, este tipo de sistemas de respuesta incrementa el nivel de atención del alumnado, ya que se les demanda de forma continuada su participación activa durante la sesión. Se potencia la retención de conceptos, al suministrar en el acto la respuesta correcta a cada pregunta realizada. Permite también al profesorado conocer el nivel previo de conocimientos sobre la materia a impartir, ya que se puede realizar este tipo de preguntas al comienzo de la sesión y enfocar entonces su atención en las debilidades manifestadas. Asimismo se puede testar el grado de adquisición de dichos conocimientos, realizando este tipo de cuestionarios después de la sesión. Además, el tratamiento posterior de los resultados, de forma individualizada, permite gestionar de forma ágil el nivel de conocimientos y adquisición de competencias en lo que es un sistema de evaluación continua, tan necesario en los nuevos enfoques metodológicos nacidos de la implantación del EEES. Por último destacar que el profesorado participante ha considerado que se trata de una herramienta de gran utilidad para la consecución del objetivo de excelencia en la docencia, que además es eficaz y de fácil manejo, y entiende que no debe ser una actividad puntual, sino un proceso transformador en la actividad docente e interacción alumno-profesor, configurándose como una herramienta habitual en los sistemas de enseñanza-aprendizaje.Implementation of the new degrees in the EHEA involve a new methodological approach, but above all evaluation. The teacher should strive to be able to assess not only the level of knowledge of the students on the content, as the current society demands a profile of the most complete graduates based on training by competencies. The acquisition of both facets by students is based mainly on face-to-face activities and teaching methodologies applied in the development of the subjects, both in small group and in whole group. Therefore, any additional tool that helps the teacher to facilitate this double task is well received, since it will allow to evaluate the overall academic performance of the students. Recently the Faculty of Sciences has launched a pilot experience through which a large group of teachers has incorporated into their teaching a system of interactive response devices. Currently, the Faculty of Sciences has a total of 82 wireless response controllers and three receiving antennas. This new technology has enabled the teacher to interact interactively with the students and collect the individual answers immediately. The results obtained in this project allow us to be very optimistic with the use of this tool and encourage us to continue in the same line. The participating teachers have been willing to continue using this ICT in their teaching, trying to cover more subjects, diversify the type of tests, and use the full group response commands, when the number of students allows. The sharing of results reveals that, in a general way, this type of response systems increases the level of attention of the students, since they are continuously demanded their active participation during the session. The retention of concepts is strengthened by providing the correct answer to every question asked. It also allows the faculty to know the previous level of knowledge about the subject to be taught, since this type of questions can be asked at the beginning of the session and then focus their attention on the weaknesses manifested. It is also possible to test the degree of acquisition of this knowledge, performing this type of questionnaire after the session. In addition, the subsequent treatment of the results, in an individualized way, allows to manage in an agile way the level of knowledge and acquisition of competences in what is a system of continuous evaluation, so necessary in the new methodological approaches born from the implantation of the EHEA. Finally, it should be pointed out that the participating teachers have considered that this is a very useful tool for achieving the objective of excellence in teaching, which is also efficient and easy to use and understands that it should not be a specific activity, but a transforming process in the teaching activity and student-teacher interaction, being configured as a habitual tool in the teaching-learning systems

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Marsilea strigosa Willd. en dos localidades de la provincia de Córdoba. Marsilea strigosa Willd. in two localities from Cordoba province

Marsilea strigosa Willd. in two localities from Cordoba province Palabras clave. Charcas temporales mediterráneas, corología, Córdoba, Marsilea. Key words. Mediterranean temporary ponds, chorology, Cordoba, Marsilea

Contribuciones a la flora de los humedales del sur de Córdoba (Andalucía, España)

Se citan ocho especies de plantas vasculares de interés desde el punto de vista corológico para la flora de los Humedales del Sur de Córdoba. Cada una de ellas constituye novedad para, al menos, una comarca de la provincia y seis de ellas son primeras citas para dichos humedales. Para cada especie se realiza un análisis de su distribución en Andalucía Occidental y se caracteriza su hábitat. Se han identificado aquellas incluidas en la Lista Roja Europea de Plantas Vasculares o en la Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular de Andalucía.Eight vascular plants’ species of interest from a chorological point of view are recorded for the flora of the Wetlands of the South of Cordoba. Each of them is a new record for, at least, a region of the province, and six are new records for these wetlands. An analysis of their range through Western Andalusia and an identification of the habitat it has also been realized. The species listed in the European Red List of Vascular Plants and in the Red List of Vascular Flora of Andalucia are identified

MODELO DE BASE DE DATOS PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE HERBARIOS VIRTUALES

An adaptive database, with an application throughout the professional life of the students, has been developed in this project, with didactic purposes to help identify the vegetative characteristics of common plants in the Sierra de Córdoba. The purpose is to include this tool in the materials of the subjects taught in the Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology. This database uses mainly the leaf as character for the identification of species, also including information about the stem, inflorescence, flower or fruit. It has been tried to construct an adaptive instrument of aid in the development of the expert domain in the identification of vegetal species that every biologist must possess for its professional performance.En este proyecto se ha elaborado una base de datos adaptativa, y con aplicación a lo largo de la vida profesional del alumnado, con fines didácticos para ayudar a la identificación de características vegetativas de plantas comunes en la Sierra de Córdoba. El objeto es incluir esta herramienta en los materiales de las asignaturas que se imparten en el Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Esta base de datos utiliza principalmente la hoja como carácter para la identificación de especies, incluyendo también información sobre el tallo, inflorescencia, flor o fruto. Se ha pretendido construir un instrumento adaptativo de ayuda en el desarrollo del dominio experto en la identificación de especies vegetales que todo biólogo debe poseer para su desempeño profesional