Development, Environmental and Indigenous People’s Movements in Australia: Issues of Autonomy and Identity

Indigenous movements in Australia are at a crossroad in their efforts to protect their intrinsic relations with land, nature and culture on the one hand and engaging with the reconciliatory and developmental dynamics of the state on the other. This paper examines the process of articulation and rejuvenation of indigenous identities that negotiate across culture, environment, sustainable livelihood and the developmental needs of the community. Locating these movements within wider socio-historical contexts it focuses on the tensions between a pro-conservation and a pro-development approach in grass roots indigenous movements. Three case studies are presented – drawn from the Sydney region. One indigenous group’s struggle against a housing development, defined as a threat to indigenous and environmental heritage, is contrasted with an indigenous group that is internally divided over an agreement with a mining developer, and a third group that has engaged in constructing housing and welfare projects, and in part has itself become a developer. The article thereby addresses the reformulation of indigenous identities in Australian society as indigenous peoples’ movements have renegotiated the contending pressures of environment and development

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SEEDLING AGE IN THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN EASTERN INDIA

A survey of the system of rice intensification (SRI)-related literature indicates that different authors have drawn conflicting inferences about rice yield performances under the SRI, chiefly because the SRI methodology has been variously advocated, interpreted and implemented in the field using different rice varieties, seedling ages at transplantation, cultivation seasons and nutrient management regimes. In particular, the SRI method of single-seedling transplantation (SST) has potential economic advantage due to reduced seed costs, but it is not clear whether SST is an effective management strategy across a range of seedling ages, and whether there is any specific seedling age that is optimal for yield improvement of a given rice variety. This is an important consideration in rain-fed ecosystems where variable rainfall patterns and lack of controlled irrigation make it difficult to reliably transplant at a specific seedling age as recommended for the SRI. We conducted a five year-long experiment on a rain-fed organic farm using a short-duration upland and a medium-duration lowland landrace, following the SRI methodology. Rice seedlings of different ages (6, 10, 14, 18 and 28 days after establishment) were transplanted at 25 cm × 25 cm spacing in three replicated plots. The performance for each landrace was examined with respect to productive tillers, panicle density, total grain counts per hill and grain yield per unit area. Performances of seedlings of different ages were compared with that of control plots that employed all SRI practices with the exception that 28-day-old seedlings were transplanted with three seedlings per hill. The results indicate that (1) the SRI can improve mean panicle density if seedling age ≤ 18 days, but that responses differ between varieties; (2) the number of productive tillers per hill is significantly less in SST than that of multiple seedling transplants (MST) of 28-day-old seedlings of both upland and lowland varieties; (3) the total grain numbers per hill of the lowland variety is significantly greater for 14-day-old SST than 28-day-old MST; (4) the grain yield per unit area from young SRI transplants is significantly greater than that from 28-day-old MST for the lowland variety, although the magnitude of the improvement was small; (5) for the upland variety, grain yields declined with the oldest seedlings, but planting multiple seedlings per hill made the yield of the oldest transplants on par with that of younger seedlings planted singly. Our findings suggest that transplanting younger seedlings under the SRI management may not necessarily enhance grain yield

A critical assessment of the importance of seedling age in the system of rice intensification (sri) in Eastern India

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.A survey of the system of rice intensification (SRI)-related literature indicates that different authors have drawn conflicting inferences about rice yield performances under the SRI, chiefly because the SRI methodology has been variously advocated, interpreted and implemented in the field using different rice varieties, seedling ages at transplantation, cultivation seasons and nutrient management regimes. In particular, the SRI method of single-seedling transplantation (SST) has potential economic advantage due to reduced seed costs, but it is not clear whether SST is an effective management strategy across a range of seedling ages, and whether there is any specific seedling age that is optimal for yield improvement of a given rice variety. This is an important consideration in rain-fed ecosystems where variable rainfall patterns and lack of controlled irrigation make it difficult to reliably transplant at a specific seedling age as recommended for the SRI. We conducted a five year-long experiment on a rain-fed organic farm using a short-duration upland and a medium-duration lowland landrace, following the SRI methodology. Rice seedlings of different ages (6, 10, 14, 18 and 28 days after establishment) were transplanted at 25 cm × 25 cm spacing in three replicated plots. The performance for each landrace was examined with respect to productive tillers, panicle density, total grain counts per hill and grain yield per unit area. Performances of seedlings of different ages were compared with that of control plots that employed all SRI practices with the exception that 28-day-old seedlings were transplanted with three seedlings per hill. The results indicate that (1) the SRI can improve mean panicle density if seedling age ≤ 18 days, but that responses differ between varieties; (2) the number of productive tillers per hill is significantly less in SST than that of multiple seedling transplants (MST) of 28-day-old seedlings of both upland and lowland varieties; (3) the total grain numbers per hill of the lowland variety is significantly greater for 14-day-old SST than 28-day-old MST; (4) the grain yield per unit area from young SRI transplants is significantly greater than that from 28-day-old MST for the lowland variety, although the magnitude of the improvement was small; (5) for the upland variety, grain yields declined with the oldest seedlings, but planting multiple seedlings per hill made the yield of the oldest transplants on par with that of younger seedlings planted singly. Our findings suggest that transplanting younger seedlings under the SRI management may not necessarily enhance grain yields

Tribal Relation to Spatio-Temporal Variation of Wild Mushrooms in Eastern Lateritic Part of India

Mushroom is one of the most significant biodiversity components for both ecological and economic point of view. It deserves not only the good sources of nutrients, medicine but also has key function in nutrient recycling and niche for several animal resources.  Eastern lateritic part of India with its distinct seasonality and undulated topography, harbours mosaic macro fungal resources on the forest floors with distinct spatio-temporal variation. Among 18 species related to tribal use, the most usable species were Astraeus hygrometricus Amanita vaginata var. alba, Amanita banangiana, Russula Nigerians, Termitomyces eurhizus, Termitomyces microcarpus etc. During monsoon and post monsoon period, second half of August is the optimum time for 11 wild edible mushrooms. Out of total production 47.2% production was taken place at that time. These regions with its tribal population, especially the Santals in the forest fringes, were very potential for traditional knowledge related to mushrooms. This paper deals with ethnic pattern of utilization in relation to spatio-temporal distribution of macro fungal diversity, its habitat and traditional tribal knowledge in ecology, use and others

EFL students authoring texts on critical social issues through literature, films and theater

Este documento analiza los beneficios del uso del cine, la literatura y el teatro para promover en los estudiantes la escritura de textos sobre temas sociales críticos a través del aprendizaje basado en la investigación como un modelo de acción para una clase de inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL). El objetivo del proyecto es brindar a los estudiantes la oportunidad de establecer conexiones entre textos critico - sociales y desarrollar un su propio texto escritos sobre crítica social.This paper analyzes the benefits of using film, literature, and theater to promote students authoring texts on critical social issues through inquiry-based learning as an action model for an English as a Foreign Language Class (EFL). The goal of the project is to give students the opportunity to make connections between texts and develop a social - critical written text

Pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum and air travel: A case report in a patient with Gardner syndrome

© 2020 The Author(s) Onboard aircraft medical emergencies are on the rise as commercial air traffic is increasing. However, thoracic injury secondary to air travel is extremely rare and, most reported injuries are cases of pneumothoraces. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium have been barely reported in the medical literature as a complication of air travel. We are reporting a case of spontaneous pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in a patient with Gardner\u27s Syndrome after a flight from Central America to New York City. The patient presented with chest discomfort. He was managed conservatively with oxygen therapy as he was hemodynamically stable throughout his stay in the hospital. A thorough work up in hospital including and esophagogram and a CT scan of the chest were none revealing of the cause. However, the patient was noted to have metastatic rectal cancer with lung involvement. The patient was discharged with instructions to avoid air travel

Exposición de la economía vasca a una transición hacia una economía baja en carbono

RESUMEN: El cambio climático ocasionado por las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de origen antropogénico es uno de los retos más importantes a los que se enfrenta el mundo en la actualidad. Es necesario avanzar hacia una descarbonización de la economía y la Comunidad Autónoma de País Vasco, alineada con las políticas energéticas de la UE, ha desarrollado estrategias cuyo objetivo a largo plazo contemplan el consumo de cero petróleo para el 2050. Esta transición hacia una economía baja en carbono podría traer consigo riesgos para aquellos sectores que directa o indirectamente dependen de los combustibles fósiles. Este trabajo propone una metodología para medir la exposición que una economía tiene a los efectos no deseados de esa transición energética, tanto desde el lado de la oferta como del de la demanda de energía. Desde el lado de la oferta, se propone utilizar el Método de Extracción Hipotética para analizar la exposición de una economía a la desaparición de sectores específicos dedicados a la extracción, transformación y procesamiento de recursos energéticos de origen fósil. Desde el lado de la demanda, se propone evaluar la exposición de la economía a través del cálculo de las subvenciones necesarias para hacer frente al riesgo de fuga de carbono en aquellos sectores con mayores intensidades de emisiones y/o exposición al comercio internacional. A continuación, se aplica la metodología descrita al caso de la economía vasca.ABSTRACT: Climate change caused by emissions of greenhouse gases of anthropogenic origin is one of the most important challenges facing the world today. It is necessary to advance towards a decarbonisation of the economy and the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, aligned with the EU's energy policies, has developed strategies whose long-term objective includes the consumption of zero oil by 2050. This transition towards a low carbon economy could bring risks for those sectors that directly or indirectly depend on fossil fuels. This paper proposes a methodology to measure the exposure that an economy has to the undesired effects of that energy transition, both from the supply side and the demand side of energy. From the supply side, it is proposed to use the Hypothetical Extraction Method to analyze the exposure of an economy to the disappearance of specific sectors dedicated to the extraction, transformation and processing of fossil energy resources. From the demand side, it is proposed to evaluate the economy's exposure through the calculation of the necessary subsidies to deal with the risk of carbon leakage in those sectors with higher emission intensities and / or exposure to international trade. Then, the methodology described is applied in the case of the Basque economy.Máster en Economía: Instrumentos del Análisis Económic

Colour based nutraceutical potential of some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties of India

153-157Consumption of unpolished grain, rather than polished grain has become a modern trend and consumers are mainly putting their thoughts and effort to consume products with more antioxidant capacity. Rice is the main staple food and apart from being considered as the main source of energy, it contains many nutraceutical properties because of its enriched secondary metabolites. This study is an effort to bring back the indigenous traditional rice landraces that almost disappeared from the farm fields after the advent of the Green Revolution in India. This article focuses on colour-based nutritional properties of six coloured and four non-coloured indigenous rice varieties based on antioxidant potential, total phenol and flavonoid content along with secondary metabolites profiling by high performance liquid chromatography. The biochemical uniqueness of these varieties has been explored that opens the gate for the conservation of more indigenous rice varieties for food security, as a cheap source of nutritional food and to construct a better niche for public health in developing country like India

Colour based nutraceutical potential of some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties of India

Consumption of unpolished grain, rather than polished grain has become a modern trend and consumers are mainly putting their thoughts and effort to consume products with more antioxidant capacity. Rice is the main staple food and apart from being considered as the main source of energy, it contains many nutraceutical properties because of its enriched secondary metabolites. This study is an effort to bring back the indigenous traditional rice landraces that almost disappeared from the farm fields after the advent of the Green Revolution in India. This article focuses on colour-based nutritional properties of six coloured and four non-coloured indigenous rice varieties based on antioxidant potential, total phenol and flavonoid content along with secondary metabolites profiling by high performance liquid chromatography. The biochemical uniqueness of these varieties has been explored that opens the gate for the conservation of more indigenous rice varieties for food security, as a cheap source of nutritional food and to construct a better niche for public health in developing country like India