Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.</p

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

CODE AVAILABILITY : Programming R code is openly available together with the database from Figshare.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 1 : Template for data collectionSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 2 : Data Descriptor WorksheetSpringtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.http://www.nature.com/sdatahj2024Plant Production and Soil ScienceSDG-15:Life on lan

Synthesis of Brazilian Entomobryomorpha (Collembola: Hexapoda) with Special Emphasis on the Equatorial Oceanic Islands and Redescription of the First Species of Collembola Recorded in Brazil

We presented a synthesis of Brazilian Entomobryomorpha species and new records of the Brazilian oceanic islands located in the Equatorial Atlantic. In this work, we observed the global distributions of the species that inhabit the Brazilian oceanic islands. We presented distribution maps for all species found on the islands and the closest records on the continent. Our study showed that species that occur in the islands also occur in the American continent, mainly in the neotropical region, or are widespread. We established a new neotype of the first species of Collembola described in Brazil together with a detailed morphological study

Biometria testículo-epididimária e a reserva espermática epididimária de ovinos Sem Padrão Racial Definido.

Resumo: Foram coletados 41 pares de testículos e epidídimos. Antes do abate, verificou-se a idade, a circunferência escrotal (CE) e o peso corporal (PC) dos animais. Após o abate, os testículos e os epidídimos foram mensurados. Os testículos (PT) e epidídimos (PTE) foram separados e pesados aos pares e depois separadamente. Cada testículo foi mensurado quanto ao comprimento (CT), à largura (LT) e à espessura (ET). Os epidídimos foram pesados individualmente e depois divididos em cabeça, corpo e cauda (CAE) e novamente pesados em separado. A CAE foi mensurada quanto ao comprimento (CCAE), a largura (LCAE) e a espessura (ECAE). A concentração da reserva espermática foi determinada no fluido da CAE. A idade, o PC, a CE e a concentração da reserva espermática apresentaram correlações baixas a moderadas com as medidas testículo-epididimárias (ns a 0,69). A CE apresentou correlações moderadas (0,44 a 0,69 e 0,38 a 0,53) com as medidas testiculares e epididimárias, respectivamente. As maiores correlações foram observadas com o peso, comprimento e largura testiculares. Verificaram-se correlações altas e moderadas entre todos os parâmetros epididimários. Concluiu-se que a LT, juntamente com a CE, poderão ser utilizadas como parâmetro para selecionar precocemente um reprodutor devido a facilidade de mensuração. [Biometry testicle- epididymidis and crioula ovine reserve of epididymal sperm]. Abstract: Forty-one pairs of testis and epididymis were collected to be measured after the slaughter of animals. The age, scrotal circumference and body weight were registered before slaughter. Testis and epididymis were weighted in pairs and also individually. The length, width and thickness dimensions were measure in each testis. After weighted the epididymis was separated in parts: head, body and tail and these parts were weighted individually. The length, width and thickness of the tail were also measured. The spermatic concentration was determined in a Neubauer chamber and it was evaluated in the fluid of the tail. All results were expressed by mean and standard deviations. The correlations were calculated by the Pearson method using the procedure ?Proc Corr? of SAS. A low to moderate correlation was observed among all the parameters (ns to 0,69). It was observed moderate correlations between scrotal circumference and testis dimensions (r=0,44 to 0,69) as well as scrotal circumference and epididymis dimensions. However, the best correlations were observed on the testicular weight, length and width. High and moderate correlations were verified among the epididymis parameters. The testis width and circumference scrotal could be used as parameters to select a ram previously, because it is easier to measure them.Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-15T08:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 APBiometria.pdf: 171336 bytes, checksum: 030b6a8348c085a3f7fd1de7e8abe86b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-14201

Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) of the Brazilian oceanic islands

Pseudoscorpiones are compose an ancient order of arachnids, occur in a wide variety of terrestrial habitats worldwide, with representatives of various genera occurring exclusively in insular habitats. The primary objective of this study was to determine the composition and distribution of Pseudoscorpiones within the Brazilian equatorial oceanic islands. To determine Pseudoscorpiones communities and distribution in coastal environmental habitats of the Brazilian equatorial oceanic islands (Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Rocas Atoll and St. Peter and St. Paul rocks), was defined three zones along the insular environmental gradient in the Brazilian equatorial oceanic islands. These zones include the Sand Beach (SB) closest to the intertidal zone, the Slope Forest (SF) with a sloping terrain and the Top Forest (TF) farthest from the beach. Collecting points were distributed in each zones (SB, SF, and TF) at distances greater than 1 km, with four samples collected at each point approximately 12.5 m apart from each other. The TF zone is observed only in Fernando de Noronha. In our study we found pseudoscorpions exclusively on the islands of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago. We collected 5 species from the Hesperolpiidae and Syarinidae families. The SF habitats exhibited greater species richness, while the Upper Forest habitats showed greater population abundance. Notably, we recorded pseudoscorpions (Ideoblothrus amazonicus) in bird nests (Sula dactylatra) on Rata Island, suggesting the use of nests as habitat, reproduction, and, possibly, occasional transport to and from other habitats. No pseudoscorpions were found in SB environments. Landscape changes and tourism can threaten this incredible newly discovered community, vital for monitoring environmental changes in this delicate ecosystem

A cidade de São Paulo e a era dos melhoramentos materiaes: Obras públicas e arquitetura vistas por meio de fotografias de autoria de Militão Augusto de Azevedo, datadas do período 1862-1863

The first photographs of São Paulo, taken by Militão Augusto de Azevedo between\ud 1862 and 1863, are always cited as documentary evidence of the citys backwardness,\ud deterioration, and lethargy in the mid 19th century. However, our view is that things were\ud quite different, based on a reading of prime sources dating back to that period. In fact, the\ud architecture and urban spaces of São Paulo already showed clear signs of modernization\ud between the years 1850 and 1860, as depicted in Azevedos photographs, which belong\ud to the collection of Paulista Museum and also of the Iconography and Museums Division of\ud the São Paulo Heritage Department