Modelling monetary transmission in UK manufacturing industry

This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to industrial output in the UK. In order to capture asymmetries, a system of threshold equations is considered. However, unlike previous research, endogenous threshold parameters are allowed to be different for each equation. This approach is consistent with economic intuition and is shown to be of tangible importance after suitable econometric evaluation. Results show evidence of cross-sectional differences across industries and asymmetries in some sectors. These findings contribute to the debate about the importance of alternative economic theories to explain these asymmetries and support the use of a sectorally disaggregated approach to the analysis of monetary transmission

"En euskera y en cristiano". Gènere, religió i nació al País Basc durant el franquisme [“En euskera y en cristiano”. Gender, religion and nation in the Basque Country during Francoism]

Des dels seus orígens, el vincle entre nacionalisme basc i religió catòlica ha estat prou estret. Aquest article pretén estudiar aquesta relació des d'una perspectiva de gènere durant la dictadura de Franco. Mitjançant la metodologia de la història oral, s'analitzaran els testimoniatges de quatre dones nascudes i/o residents al País Basc les dècades centrals del segle i que van militar en diferents grups catòlics. Amb el suport de fonts hemerogràfiques publicades per alguns d'aquests moviments, es tractaran també les diferències de discurs en l'àmbit urbà i rural. Així, es defensarà que els canvis experimentats pel catolicisme des de mitjan anys cinquanta van ser decisius en la transformació de la identitat religiosa i de gènere d'aquestes dones i que, al seu torn, els canvis en el model de feminitat hegemònic van provocar algunes tensions dins el discurs nacionalista. [Since its inception, Basque nationalism has been closely linked with Catholicism. This paper aims to explore this connection from a gender perspective during Franco’s dictatorship by analysing the oral testimonies of four Catholic women who were born and/or were living in the Basque Country during the period 1940-70. It will also consider the differences in discourse in urban and rural environments by examining journals and newsletters published by distinct Catholic movements. Two hypotheses will be argued: first, that the changes experienced by Catholicism from the mid-1950s were decisive in the transformation of the religious and gender identity of these women; and second, that changes to the hegemonic femininity model generated tension in Basque nationalist discourse.

Desarrollo de formas superficiales en la Ciudad Encantada (Cuenca, España)

Resumen] La Ciudad Encantada, cerca de la ciudad de Cuenca, es morfológicamente un conjunto de rocas fungiformes, restos de platafórmas elongadas y arcos naturales modelados sobre dolomitas cretácicas de estructura subhorizontal. Su origen se atribuye a factores estructurales, presencia de estratos con diferente resistencia a la erosión, y ataque generalizado de la humedad primero subedáficamente y luego subaéreamente al pie de las formas actuales. Los factores que contribuyen a la estabilidad actual en la parte superior de estas formas, son los recubrimientos biológicos, la concentración de calcita o las variaciones locales en el régimen de humedad.Abstract] The Ciudad Encantada, near Cuenca, in east-central Spain, is a complex of mushroom-shaped rocks and elongate plateau remnants developed in flat-lying Cretaceous dolomite. Natural bridges are also presento The forms are attributed partly to structural factors, namely the presence of strata of contrasted resistance to weathering and erosion, but also to differential subsurface moisture attack beneath the plateau surface. Other factors contributing to the relative stability of the caprock include biotic coating, calcite concentration, and dryness at site scale

Efectos comparativos de varios insecticidas y sus mezclas en el control de Heliotis spp. en el algodonero

Algodón-Gossypium herbaceu

The Use of Knockout Mice Reveals a Synergistic Role of the Vav1 and Rasgrf2 Gene Deficiencies in Lymphomagenesis and Metastasis

[Background]: Vav1 and RasGRF2 are GDP/GTP exchange factors for Ras superfamily GTPases with roles in the development and/or effector functions of T–lymphocytes. [Methodology/Principal Findings]: Given that the phenotype of Vav1–/–, Rasgrf2–/– and Vav1–/–;Rasgrf2–/– mice has been studied so far in young animals, we decided to explore the long–term consequences of the inactivation of those loci in the immune system. Unexpectedly, our studies revealed that the inactivation of the Vav1 proto–oncogene favors the formation of lymphoblastic lymphoma–like tumors in aging mice. Those tumors, that can be found either localized exclusively inside the thymus or widely disseminated in hematopoietic and non–hematopoietic tissues, are composed of CD3+ lymphoblasts that display heterogeneous combinations of CD4 and CD8 surface markers. Interestingly, the additional deletion of the Rasgrf2 gene induces a shortening in the latency period for the development of those tumors, an increase in the percentage of disseminated tumors outside the thymus and, as a result, higher mortality rates. [Conclusions/Significance]: These data reveal unexpected negative roles for Vav1 and RasGRF2 in different stages of T–cell lymphoma progression. They also suggest that the inactivation of Vav1 function may represent an inadequate strategy to treat T–cell lymphomas, especially those associated with low levels of Rasgrf2 gene expression.X.R.B. work is supported by grants from the NIH (5R01-CA73735-13), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2006-01789), the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RD06/0020/0001), and the Castilla y León Autonomous Government (SA053A05 and GR97). S.R. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral position funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The activities of the Centro de Investigación del Cáncer are partially supported by the Ramon Areces Foundation and by the Foundation for Cancer Research at the University of Salamanca. X.R.B. lab has been recognized as a Consolidated Cancer Research Group by the Spanish Association against Cancer. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Comparison of Monolithic Optical Frequency Comb Generators Based on Passively Mode-Locked Lasers for Continuous Wave mm-Wave and Sub-THz Generation

In this paper, two different Passive Mode-Locked Laser Diodes (PMLLD) structures, a Fabry-Perot cavity and a ring cavity laser are characterized and evaluated as monolithic Optical Frequency Comb Generators (OFCG) for CW sub-THz generation. An extensive characterization of the devices under study is carried out based on an automated measurement system that systematically evaluates the dynamic characteristics of the devices, focusing on the figures of merit that define the optimum performance of a pulsed laser source when considered as an OFCG. Sub-THz signals generated with both devices at 60 GHz and 90 GHz are presented and analyzed in terms of electrical linewidth to compare such components for mm-Wave and sub-THz photonic generation. This work offers a systematic comparison of PMLLD devices for OFCG operation and provides reference information of the performance of two different device topologies that can be used for the implementation of photonic integrated sub-THz CW generation.We acknowledge COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands for the fabrication of the ring lasers within the joint European platform for InP-based components and circuits, JePPIX.Publicad

A high-efficiency scar-free genome editing toolkit for Acinetobacter baumannii

Data availability: All plasmids are available through request to the corresponding author. Supplementary data: Figures S1 to S10, Tables S1 and S2, Text S1 and File S1 are available as Supplementary data at JAC Online, available at: https://academic.oup.com/jac/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jac/dkac328/6755507.Copyright © The Author(s) 2022. Background The current mutagenesis tools for Acinetobacter baumannii leave selection markers or residual sequences behind, or involve tedious counterselection and screening steps. Furthermore, they are usually adapted for model strains, rather than for MDR clinical isolates. Objectives To develop a scar-free genome-editing tool suitable for chromosomal and plasmid modifications in MDR A. baumannii AB5075. Methods We prove the efficiency of our adapted genome-editing system by deleting the multidrug efflux pumps craA, cmlA5 and resistance island 2 (RI2), as well as curing plasmid p1AB5075, and combining these mutations. We then characterized the susceptibility of the mutants compared with the WT to different antibiotics (i.e. chloramphenicol, amikacin and tobramycin) by disc diffusion assays and determined the MIC for each strain. Results We successfully adapted the genome-editing protocol to A. baumannii AB5075, achieving a double recombination frequency close to 100% and routinely securing the construction of a mutant within 10 working days. Furthermore, we show that both CraA and p1AB5075 are involved in chloramphenicol resistance, and that RI2 and p1AB5075 play a role in resistance to amikacin and tobramycin. Conclusions We have developed a versatile and highly efficient genome-editing tool for A. baumannii. We have demonstrated it can be used to modify both the chromosome and native plasmids. By challenging the method, we show the role of CraA and p1AB5075 in antibiotic resistance.British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC-2018-0095); Academy of Medical Sciences/the Wellcome Trust/the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy/the British Heart Foundation/Diabetes UK Springboard Award (SBF006\1040)

Morphological and structural evidences concerning the origin of sheet fractures

[Abstract] Sheet fractures are well and widely developed in massive rocks, i.e., rocks lacking other partings, and they have been discussed in the literature for more than a century. Yet there is no agreement as to their origino Two contrasted interpretations hold sway. Almost without exception, geologist adhere to the pressure release or erosional offloading hypothesis. Engineers and engineering geologist, on the other hand, interpret sheet partings as buckling, i.e., crumpling or bending out of plane, related to compressive stresses, particularly lateral stresses. After a review of nomenclature and a description of the characteristics of sheet fractures, a critique ofprevious explanations of their origin is presented. What are perceived to be critical Enes of structural and morphological evidence. bearing on the origin ofsheet fracture are next reviewed, and this is followed by a discusion of the possible origins of the structures

Demographic Profiles and Procrastination of Employees: Relationships and Determinants

Procrastination is a plague that affects an individual’s working attitude and behavior. In relation, the organization will also suffer and its constituents along the way. This study assessed the demographic profile and the degree of procrastination among selected employees from a higher education institution in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study used a descriptive-correlational design with an adapted questionnaire from McCloskey (2011) as an instrument. A total of 70 individuals took part in the survey wherein the researcher used convenience sampling. The study found that the respondents from the administrative office and faculty were equal in number; they belong to the age bracket of 21-30 years old; dominated by males and are single with 1-5 years in service. Also, based on their response, the respondents often subject themselves to procrastination. In addition, there was also an indirect relationship between procrastination and civil status. Furthermore, regression analysis determined that age and civil status is a significant predictor of procrastination. Based on the aforementioned results, the researcher concluded that certain demographic profiles determine the procrastination of an employee. Lastly, the study provided some pertinent recommendation which will benefit both the employees and the organization

The functional differences between paralogous regulators define the control of the general stress response in Sphingopyxis granuli TFA

Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Sphingopyxis granuli TFA is a contaminant degrading alphaproteobacterium that responds to adverse conditions by inducing the general stress response (GSR), an adaptive response that controls the transcription of a variety of genes to overcome adverse conditions. The core GSR regulators (the response regulator PhyR, the anti-σ factor NepR and the σ factor EcfG) are duplicated in TFA, being PhyR1 and PhyR2, NepR1 and NepR2 and EcfG1 and EcfG2. Based on multiple genetic, phenotypical and biochemical evidences including in vitro transcription assays, we have assigned distinct functional features to each paralogue and assessed their contribution to the GSR regulation, dictating its timing and the intensity. We show that different stress signals are differentially integrated into the GSR by PhyR1 and PhyR2, therefore producing different levels of GSR activation. We demonstrate in vitro that both NepR1 and NepR2 bind EcfG1 and EcfG2, although NepR1 produces a more stable interaction than NepR2. Conversely, NepR2 interacts with phosphorylated PhyR1 and PhyR2 more efficiently than NepR1. We propose an integrative model where NepR2 would play a dual negative role: it would directly inhibit the σ factors upon activation of the GSR and it would modulate the GSR activity indirectly by titrating the PhyR regulators.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Grant Number: FPU15/04789; Spanish Ministry for Education and Science and the European Regional Development Fund. Grant Number: BIO2014-57545-R