Transcriptional analysis of the human PAX9 promoter

Orientador: Sergio Roberto Peres LineDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O gene PAX9 pertence a uma família de fatores de transcrição denominada família Pax. Esse gene é expresso em tecidos embrionários como somitos, bolsa endodérmica da faringe, brotos distais dos membros e mesênquima derivado da crista neural. Alguns polimorfismos na região promotora desse gene em humanos vêm sendo associados a formas de agenesias não-sindrômicas autossômicas dominantes. No presente trabalho, nós verificamos a expressão gênica e a influência de duas seqüências da região promotora na transcrição do gene PAX9 em ensaios in vitro com células de tecido embrionário de ratos de 13.5 dias obtidas a partir de seus membros, face e regiões do mesencéfalo e romboencéfalo. Os fragmentos da região promotora foram clonados em plasmídios repórteres e transfectados nos três diferentes tecidos embrionários. Nossos resultados das análises de RT-PCR demonstraram que em culturas in vitro, as células dos membros e do SNC expressam o gene PAX9, porém, aquelas obtidas a partir da face não o expressaram. Além disso, os resultados dos ensaios de luciferase mostraram que a atividade dessa nos vetores construídos são mais fracas do que do vetor pGL3-Basic sozinho, sugerindo que essas regiões não são suficientes para guiar a transcrição gênica.Abstract: PAX9 belongs to a transcriptional factor genes family named Pax. This gene is expressed in embryonic tissues like somites, pharyngeal pouch endoderm, distal limb buds and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Some polymorphisms in the upstream promoter region of the human PAX9 have been associated with human non-syndromic forms of autossomal dominant agenesis. In the present study we verified the in vitro expression of this gene and the influence of two promoter sequences in the transcription of PAX9 gene, in embryo tissues obtained from digits, face and midbrain and hindbrain regions. These fragments were cloned on reporter plasmid and were transfected into the different cells cultures. Our RT-PCR results showed that in vitro E13.5 limb bud and CNS cells express PAX9, but not in derived facial region cells. Moreover, the luciferase activity of the Pax9 promoter vectors were weaker than pGL3-Basic alone, suggesting that the PAX9 sequences of promoter region are not sufficient to drive PAX9 gene transcription.MestradoHistologia e EmbriologiaMestre em Biologia Buco-Denta

Recall de substâncias medicamentosas e produtos farmacêuticos por impurezas de nitrosaminas

Recall é um termo inglês, originário dos Estados Unidos, e comumente utilizado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para proteger o consumidor do fornecedor de bens e serviços. Em português, significa “voltar”. A descoberta de impurezas de nitrosaminas em medicamentos levou a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e outros agências reguladoras a realizar uma análise detalhada desse contaminante em insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFAs) e medicamentos afetados. Nesse viés, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca do recall de substâncias medicamentosas e produtos farmacêuticos, devido à presença de impurezas de nitrosaminas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que foi realizada através de revisão bibliográfica da literatura. Através desta pesquisa conclui-se que a formação de impurezas de nitrosaminas pode ser evitada selecionando reagentes, catalisadores e solventes adequados na fabricação de substâncias farmacêuticas e, sempre que esses contaminantes forem identificados em produtos farmacêuticos, acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação, os mesmos devem ser inutilizados e os lotes recolhidos pelas indústrias

Transcriptional analysis of the human PAX9 promoter

OBJECTIVES: PAX9 belongs to the Pax family of transcriptional factor genes. This gene is expressed in embryonic tissues such as somites, pharyngeal pouch endoderm, distal limb buds and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Polymorphisms in the upstream promoter region of the human PAX9 have been associated with human non-syndromic tooth agenesis. In the present study, we verified the in vitro mRNA expression of this gene and the luciferase activity of two constructs containing promoter sequences of the PAX9 gene. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Embryonic tissues were obtained from digits, face, and midbrain/hindbrain regions. Fragments containing PAX9 promoter sequences were cloned into reporter plasmids and were transfected into the different cell cultures. mRNA were extracted from primary cell cultures. RESULTS: The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed that in vitro E13.5 limb bud and CNS cells express PAX9, but cells derived from the facial region do not. Moreover, the luciferase assay showed that protein activity of the constructed vector was weaker than pgl3 -basic alone. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that the promoter sequences analyzed are not sufficient to drive PAX9 gene transcription

Grasping Marketing and Consumer Behavior in the Digital Environment: Brazilian Scholars Insights

The papers on this Special Issue of the Journal of Contemporary Administration promote an important discussion in the Brazilian digital marketing field. In this editorial, we explain how the authors build bridges between digital marketing, marketplace, consumers, and firms’ applications by means of empirical investigations. As new technologies force marketing to constantly change to adjust to social platforms in the digital environment, insights about Brazilian digital marketing are missing. Considering the digital economy, consumer behavior, and technological culture, the five papers raise interesting questions about how viral advertising and image/video/audio platforms affect consumer response measures (e.g., online purchases) and create social media experiences. Such experiences include omnichannel environments that connect and create ecosystems across firms, consumers, governments, stakeholders, and marketing professionals in organized networks

EFFECTIVENESS OF AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF PERIPHERAL VENOUS CATHETER COMPLICATIONS

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice educational intervention in preventing peripheral venous catheter complications.Method: observational study with educational intervention for nursing professionals of a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, about flushing, push-pause and locking techniques. Convenience sampling: 181 catheters in the pre-intervention group and 157 in the post-intervention group. The incidence of complications was evaluated and compared by the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results: the incidence of complications in the post-intervention group was: 4.5% for obstruction (p=0.000), 10.8% for accidental removal (p=0.265) and 1.9% for phlebitis (p=0.847). The use of the flushing, push-pause and locking techniques resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of obstruction.Conclusion: the educational intervention enabled updated knowledge and the implementation of flushing, push-pause and locking in nursing practices. The study is a contribution to nursing intervention planning to reduce the occurrence of obstruction

Intoxicação por paracetamol em gatos

Paracetamol intoxication in cats occurs due to accidental or iatrogenic exposure, when the owners administers the medication with the intention of treating their pet. Cats are deficient in terms of biotransformation, so even small doses of the drug can cause toxicity. Among the clinical signs, cyanosis, depression, icterus, edema of face and limbs, tachypnea, dyspnea, anorexia, weakness, vomiting, hypothermia and hematuria can be observed. Fortunately, with aggressive treatment and appropriate supportive care, most animals are able to recover completely. Owners should be advised not to administer acetaminophen in cats. Considering the large number of cats treated in emergency veterinary with clinical signs of acetaminophen toxicity, we have the objective of presenting information about this disease for clinicians of small animals to identify the framework and thus treat it successfully.A intoxicação por paracetamol em gatos ocorre por exposição acidental ou de forma iatrogênica, quando um responsável o administra na intenção de tratar seu animal. Os gatos apresentam deficiência em sua biotransformação e por isso mesmo pequenas doses do fármaco podem provocar sinais de intoxicação. Dentre os sinais clínicos pode-se observar cianose, depressão, icterícia, edema de face e membros, taquipnéia, dispnéia, anorexia, fraqueza, vômito, hipotermia e hematúria. Felizmente, com um tratamento agressivo e cuidado de suporte adequado, a maioria dos animais se recupera completamente. O proprietário deve ser orientado a nunca administrar paracetamol em gatos. Considerando a grande quantidade de gatos atendidos na emergência veterinária com sinais clínicos de intoxicação por paracetamol, tem-se por objetivo apresentar informações sobre essa enfermidade para que os clínicos de pequenos animais possam identifi car o quadro e assim tratá-lo com sucesso

Prevalência de sorotipos e resistência antimicrobiana de cepas invasivas do pneumococo em crianças: análise de 9 anos

Objective: To determine the prevalence of serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of pneumococcus in children and to evaluate the implications for vaccine formulation.Methods: Strains of pneumococcus obtained from children admitted with invasive diseases were isolated at Hospital de Clinicas of Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil, and sent to Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil, for further identification, serotyping, and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility.Results: From April 1999 to December 2008, 142 strains of pneumococcus, obtained from children under 5 years of age, were analyzed. Seventy-five (52.8%) patients were male, and the age ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean age = 19 +/- 15.4 months; median = 15 months). the most common diagnoses were pneumonia [92 cases (64.8%)] and meningitis [33 cases (23.2%)]. the strains were mostly isolated from blood [61 samples (43%)], pleural fluid [52 samples (36.6%)], and cerebrospinal fluid [28 samples (19.7%)]. the most common serotypes were 14, 5, 6B, 1, 6A, 18C, 19A, 3, 9V, 19F, 23F, 9N, and 10A. There were 14 [9.9%] penicillin-resistant strains, which was detected only in the following serotypes: 14, 6B, 19F, 19A, and 23F, being predominant from 2004 to 2008 (p = 0.000). There was reduced susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (79.5%), erythromycin and clindamycin (11.3% each), and ceftriaxone (5.6%).Conclusions: Penicillin resistance was detected in 9.9% of the strains, being predominant from 2004 to 2008. Twenty different pneumococcal serotypes were identified, and 71.9% of the serotypes were represented in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PN CRM7) currently available.Univ Fed Uberlandia, Fac Med, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Saude, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Lab Hosp Clin Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Microbiol Clin, São Paulo, BrazilIAL, Secao Bacteriol, Projeto Sistema Reg Vacinas SIREVA, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Importance of the silvipastoral system on the animal health and welfare of dairy cattle

Brazil stands out for having one of the largest cattle herds in the world, being the first place in the commercial herd in the whole planet. Within bovine farming, dairy cattle raising stands out for its importance within the national economy because of the representativeness of small family farms, which develop a large part of the national milk production. However, despite the extensive area available for agricultural production, a large part of Brazil is located in the tropical area of the planet. This region is distinguished by high temperatures and high intensity of incident solar radiation. This condition tends to lead the animals to heat stress, thus leading to a decrease in the production of meat, but mainly milk, especially in properties that make use of european breeds. One of the alternatives to overcome the impact of heat stress in tropical regions is to cross european breeds with zebu dairy breeds, as well as seeking measures to reduce the incidence of solar radiation of these animals through integrated systems, such as silvipastoral systems. Thus, this review aims to show that the silvipastoral system is necessary to improve the animal welfare of dairy cattle