Cantor Spectrum for Schr\"odinger Operators with Potentials arising from Generalized Skew-shifts

We consider continuous $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$-cocycles over a strictly ergodic homeomorphism which fibers over an almost periodic dynamical system (generalized skew-shifts). We prove that any cocycle which is not uniformly hyperbolic can be approximated by one which is conjugate to an $SO(2,\mathbb{R})$-cocycle. Using this, we show that if a cocycle's homotopy class does not display a certain obstruction to uniform hyperbolicity, then it can be $C^0$-perturbed to become uniformly hyperbolic. For cocycles arising from Schr\"odinger operators, the obstruction vanishes and we conclude that uniform hyperbolicity is dense, which implies that for a generic continuous potential, the spectrum of the corresponding Schr\"odinger operator is a Cantor set.Comment: Final version. To appear in Duke Mathematical Journa

Lagrangian Statistics and Temporal Intermittency in a Shell Model of Turbulence

We study the statistics of single particle Lagrangian velocity in a shell model of turbulence. We show that the small scale velocity fluctuations are intermittent, with scaling exponents connected to the Eulerian structure function scaling exponents. The observed reduced scaling range is interpreted as a manifestation of the intermediate dissipative range, as it disappears in a Gaussian model of turbulence.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

إعداد مواد تعليمية لتنمية المهارات اللغوية لطلبة الصفّ الأول المتوسّط: بحث تطويريّ بمدرسة التوحيد المتوسّطة الدينية بنكالان مادورا.

Kegiatan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Diniah Tsanawiyah “At tauhid” Bangkalan Madura masih menggunakan buku ajar yang tidak sesuai, adapun kitab yang digunakan hanya memacu pada ketrampilan berbicara saja tidak pada 4 ketrampilan bahasa seperti mendengar, berbicara, membaca, menulis dan didalam kitab tersebut tidak terdapat latihan soal yang dapat memicu kemampuan bahasa arab para santri disana.maka dari itu penulis ingin mendesain bahan ajar yang bagus dan sesuai kurikulum 2013 kementrian agama RI karena kurikulum dapat membantu untuk mentertibkan proses belajar mengajar pada sekolah khususnya dalam pembuatan materi ajar bagi penulis. Penulis menggunakan metode Research and Developmentdengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk menganalisa data dan nilai, serta menjelaskan efektifitas penerapan Materi Ajar dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab adapun sampelnya adalah para santri kelas 1 tingkat Tsanawiyah yang berjumlah 15 santriwan/i. adapun teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini yaitu: Observasi, interview, tes, dan dokumentasi. Dan hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1)Pengembangan bahan ajar yang terdesain memiliki beberapa proses tahap pembuatan agar memiliki karakter sebagai peningkatan kemampuan bahasa. 2)Adapun penerapannya dilihat dari proses pembuatan, langkah – langkah, dan ujicoba. 3)Adanya efektifitas dari materi ajar dibuktokan dengan adanya perubahan dari nilai pretest dan post test berdasarkan atas perbandingan t-hitung dan t-tabel yang menunjukkan t-hitung lebih besar dari pada t-tabel

Turnover, account value and diversification of real traders: evidence of collective portfolio optimizing behavior

Despite the availability of very detailed data on financial market, agent-based modeling is hindered by the lack of information about real trader behavior. This makes it impossible to validate agent-based models, which are thus reverse-engineering attempts. This work is a contribution to the building of a set of stylized facts about the traders themselves. Using the client database of Swissquote Bank SA, the largest on-line Swiss broker, we find empirical relationships between turnover, account values and the number of assets in which a trader is invested. A theory based on simple mean-variance portfolio optimization that crucially includes variable transaction costs is able to reproduce faithfully the observed behaviors. We finally argue that our results bring into light the collective ability of a population to construct a mean-variance portfolio that takes into account the structure of transaction costsComment: 26 pages, 9 figures, Fig. 8 fixe

The Advanced LIGO Photon Calibrators

The two interferometers of the Laser Interferometry Gravitaional-wave Observatory (LIGO) recently detected gravitational waves from the mergers of binary black hole systems. Accurate calibration of the output of these detectors was crucial for the observation of these events, and the extraction of parameters of the sources. The principal tools used to calibrate the responses of the second-generation (Advanced) LIGO detectors to gravitational waves are systems based on radiation pressure and referred to as Photon Calibrators. These systems, which were completely redesigned for Advanced LIGO, include several significant upgrades that enable them to meet the calibration requirements of second-generation gravitational wave detectors in the new era of gravitational-wave astronomy. We report on the design, implementation, and operation of these Advanced LIGO Photon Calibrators that are currently providing fiducial displacements on the order of $10^{-18}$ m/$\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ with accuracy and precision of better than 1 %.Comment: 14 pages, 19 figure

Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. DESIGN: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. METHODS: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1-10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. RESULTS: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and -1.2 (IQR: -2.3 to -0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21-1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than -3 compared with HAZ at least -1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than -1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least -1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least -1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. CONCLUSION: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least -1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age

Personalized monitoring of electrical remodelling during atrial fibrillation progression via remote transmissions from implantable devices

Atrial electrical remodelling (AER) is a transitional period associated with the progression and long-term maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to study the progression of AER in individual patients with implantable devices and AF episodes. Observational multicentre study (51 centres) including 4618 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and results þ/resynchronization therapy (ICD/CRT-D) and 352 patients (2 centres) with pacemakers (median follow-up: 3.4 years). Atrial activation rate (AAR) was quantified as the frequency of the dominant peak in the signal spectrum of AF episodes with atrial bipolar electrograms. Patients with complete progression of AER, from paroxysmal AF episodes to electrically remodelled persistent AF, were used to depict patient-specific AER slopes. A total of 34 712 AF tracings from 830 patients (87 with pacemakers) were suitable for the study. Complete progression of AER was documented in 216 patients (16 with pacemakers). Patients with persistent AF after completion of AER showed ∼30% faster AAR than patients with paroxysmal AF. The slope of AAR changes during AF progression revealed patient-specific patterns that correlated with the time-to-completion of AER (R = 0.85). Pacemaker patients were older than patients with ICD/CRT-Ds (78.3 vs. 67.2 year olds, respectively, P < 0.001) and had a shorter median time-to-completion of AER (24.9 vs. 93.5 days, respectively, P = 0.016). Remote transmissions in patients with ICD/CRT-D devices enabled the estimation of the time-to-completion of AER using the predicted slope of AAR changes from initiation to completion of electrical remodelling (R = 0.45). The AF progression shows patient-specific patterns of AER, which can be estimated using available remote-monitoring technology

The Advanced LIGO photon calibrators

The two interferometers of the Laser Interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) recently detected gravitational waves from the mergers of binary black hole systems. Accurate calibration of the output of these detectors was crucial for the observation of these events and the extraction of parameters of the sources. The principal tools used to calibrate the responses of the second-generation (Advanced) LIGO detectors to gravitational waves are systems based on radiation pressure and referred to as photon calibrators. These systems, which were completely redesigned for Advanced LIGO, include several significant upgrades that enable them to meet the calibration requirements of second-generation gravitational wave detectors in the new era of gravitational-wave astronomy. We report on the design, implementation, and operation of these Advanced LIGO photon calibrators that are currently providing fiducial displacements on the order of 10-18m/Hz with accuracy and precision of better than 1%

Comparación en los resultados de pacientes con bronquiolitis manejados con dos diferentes métodos de administrar oxígeno. Informe preliminar de avance del Hospital General de Niños Dr. Pedro de Elizalde

Introducción: La oxigenoterapia en el tratamiento de niños con bronquiolitis puede ser administrada mediantes cánulas nasales con bajo o alto flujo (CNAF). Las CNAF podrían ser una alternativa a la ventilación no invasiva, requiriendo menos recursos que los cuidados intensivos (UCIP). Objetivo: Evaluar si existe diferencia en la proporción de sujetos hospitalizados por bronquiolitis que requiere UCIP o en la duración de su hospitalización, según oxigenoterapia (convencional o CNAF). Métodos: Estudio observacional incluyendo lactantes hospitalizados por bronquiolitis en los meses de junio a agosto de 2017. Los pacientes fueron tratados según el servicio donde se encontraban (las unidades 1, 2 y 3 con oxigenoterapia convencional, y las unidades 4 y 5 con CNAF), al que fueron asignados según disponibilidad de cama. Resultados: Se incluyeron 329 pacientes, con edad promedio de 7,2 meses, que permanecieron hospitalizados 5,9 días y recibieron 4,6 días de oxigenoterapia. Todos recibieron oxigenoterapia, 84 (25,5%) CNAF y 245 (74,5%) convencional. Sólo 10 (3,1%) requirieron UCIP. De los que ingresaron a UCIP 5/84 recibieron CNAF y 5/245 recibieron terapia convencional (OR: 3,1; IC 95%: 0,8-10,7; p=0,07). Los pacientes con CNAF permanecieron significativamente más tiempo hospitalizados (6,9 ± 3,9 días vs. 5,6 ±3,2; p=0,003), luego de controlar por edad, la etiología viral y requerimiento de UCIP. Conclusión: En la población analizada no se observó diferencia en la proporción de pacientes que requirieron UTIP según hubieran recibido oxigenoterapia por CNAF o en forma convencional.Background: Oxygen in bronchiolitis treatment can be delivered by nasal cannulas using low or high flow (HFNC). HFNC can be an alternative to non-invasive ventilation or intensive care (PICU). Objective: To evaluate PICU requirement and length of stay (LOS) according to oxygen delivery method in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Methods: Observational study including infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis from June to August 2017. Patients received oxygen based on to the unit in which they were hospitalized (units 1, 2 and 3 received conventional oxygen therapy, while units 4 and 5 received HFNC), assigned according to bed availability. Results: We included 329 patients, aged 7.2 months, with a LOS of 5.9 days, and receiving oxygen for 4.6 days. All of them received oxygen, 84 (25.5%) HFNC and 245 (74,5%) conventional therapy. Only 10 (3.1%) required PICU, 5 using HFNC and 5 on conventional therapy (OR: 3,1; 95%IC: 0.8-10.7; p=0.07). After controlling for age, viral etiology and PICU requirement, patients on HFNC showed a significantly longer LOS (6.9 ± 3.9 vs. 5.6 ± 3.2 days; p=0.003). Conclusion: Patients who received oxygen trough HFNC required PICU less frequently than those in conventional therapy but showed a longer length of stay.Fil: Potasnik, J.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Golubicki, A.. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, A.. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand.; ArgentinaFil: Raiden, Silvina Claudia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, R.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, N.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Cairoli, H.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: De Lillo, L.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Sanluis Fenelli, G.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Planovsky, H.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Checacci, E.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Lopez, M.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Gigliotti, E.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Torres, F.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, F.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); Argentin