Attachment Styles Within the Coach-Athlete Dyad: Preliminary Investigation and Assessment Development

The present preliminary study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a new sport-specific self-report instrument designed to assess athletes’ and coaches’ attachment styles. The development and initial validation comprised three main phases. In Phase 1, a pool of items was generated based on pre-existing self-report attachment instruments, modified to reflect a coach and an athlete’s style of attachment. In Phase 2, the content validity of the items was assessed by a panel of experts. A final scale was developed and administered to 405 coaches and 298 athletes (N = 703 participants). In Phase 3, confirmatory factor analysis of the obtained data was conducted to determine the final items of the Coach-Athlete Attachment Scale (CAAS). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable goodness of fit indexes for a 3-first order factor model as well as a 2-first order factor model for both the athlete and the coach data, respectively. A secure attachment style positively predicted relationship satisfaction, while an insecure attachment style was a negative predictor of relationship satisfaction. The CAAS revealed initial psychometric properties of content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as reliability

Investigation of slowing down and charge-exchange of nickel and uranium ions in gases and solids in the energy range (60 - 200) MeV/u

In this thesis new slowing down and charge-state measurements will be presented in the energy range of (60 - 200) MeV/u. These measurements were done using the Fragment Separator (FRS) facility at GSI in Darmstadt. The presented data were taken during two experimental runs. The experiments were divided into two parts. In the first part a 200 MeV/u Ni27+ beam was used. The evolution of charge states as a function of the target thickness was investigated covering both the non-equilibrium and equilibrium region. This was done with various mono-atomic materials (Z2 = 6, 7, 10, 13, 18, 22) and compound materials (ethylene, polyethylene and polypropylene). From the measured charge-state distributions the one-electron ionization and capture cross sections have been extracted. A 40 % gas-solid difference is observed in the ionization cross sections for the mono-atomic materials. In the compound materials a 30 % difference is observed between ethylene and the polymers. The experimental cross sections for the mono-atomic materials have been compared with theoretical calculations [1, 2]. The theoretical ionization cross sections agree quite well with the corresponding experimental ionization cross sections. In the gaseous targets the agreement between experiment and theory is better than 3 %. For the capture cross sections the agreement between experiment and theory is also very good for the lighter target materials (Z2 <= 7). For the heavier targets large deviations up to one order of magnitude are observed. These deviations are due to the increasing importance of the non-radiative capture channel in heavier target materials which is quite difficult to calculate accurately. The results motivate for further refinement of the theory in this energy region. In the second part 3 different uranium beams were used with initial energies of 61 MeV/u (U86+ incident), 85 MeV/u (U73+ incoming) and 200 MeV/u (U81+ incident) to measure the evolution of the charge states again and the energy loss as a function of the target thickness in the same materials as used in the first part plus some additional mono-atomic materials Z2 = 29, 36, 47, 54. From the measured charge-state distributions and energy losses the mean charges and stopping forces have been extracted. At 61 MeV/u we observe a gas-solid difference in the mean charge of up to 4 charge states for the mono-atomic materials. The corresponding stopping powers (forces) at the same specific energy only show a gas-solid difference for light materials (Z2 <= 7). The stopping forces are compared with calculations done with the PASS code [3, 4], ATIMA code [5] and the Hubert et al. tables [6]. The agreement is quite good between experiment and theory. The PASS code predicts by using the experimental mean charges a gas-solid difference in the stopping force for the heavier target materials. In the data at 200 MeV/u there is a gas-solid difference in the ionization rate for U81+ ions similar to the Ni27+ results.In dieser Dissertation werden neue Ladungsverteilungen und Energieverlustmessungen präsentiert. Diese Messungen wurden am Fragment Separator (FRS) bei der GSI in Darmstadt durchgeführt. Die Daten, die hier vorgestellt werden, wurden in zwei Experimenten aufgenommen. Die Experimente bestanden aus zwei Teilen. Im ersten Teil wurde mit einem 200 MeV/u Ni27+ Strahl gemessen. Ziel dieser Messung war die Entwicklung der Ladungsverteilung als Funktion der Targetdicke vom Nichtgleichgewicht bis Gleichgewicht zu untersuchen. Dies wurde mit verschiedenen Targets gemacht (Z2 = 6, 7, 10, 13, 18, 22, Äthylen, Polyäthylen und Polypropylen). Von den gemessenen Ladungsverteilung konnten die Umladungsquerrschnitte für Elektroneneinfang und -verlust extrahiert werden. Ein Gas-Festkörper Effekt von 40 % wurde im Ionizationsquerrschnitt für die monoatomaren (reinen Elemente) Targets gemessen. Im Äthylen und den Polymeren (Polyäthylen und Polypropylen) war ein Effekt von 30 % zu sehen. Die experimentellen Umladungsquerrschnitte für die monoatomaren Targets wurden mit theoretischen Rechnungen von A. Surzhykov und S. Fritzsche [1] und V. P. Shevelko [2] verglichen. In der Ionization stimmen die theoretischen Rechnungen mit den experimentellen Werten gut überein. In den Gastargets ist die Übereinstimmung besser als 3 %. Im Elektroneneinfang gibt es gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Experiment und Theorie bei den leichten Targets (Z2 <= 7), bei den schweren Targets gibt es grosse Abweichungen bis zu einer Grössenordnung. Diese Abweichung kommt zustande, weil der nicht-radiative Querrschnitt einen grösseren Anteil hat bei den schweren Targets und dieser Teil sehr schwer theoretisch zu rechnen ist. Die Ergebnisse sind eine Motivation für Verbesserungen in der Theorie im diesen Energiebereich. Im zweiten Teil wurde ein Uranstrahl bei drei verschiedenen Energien benutzt, diese waren 61 MeV/u mit 86+ als Eingangsladungszustand, 85 MeV/u mit 73+ als Eingangsladungszustand und 200 MeV/u mit 81+ als Eingangsladungszustand. Ziel dieser Messung war es wiederum, die Entwicklung der Ladungsverteilung zu untersuchen und auch Energieverluste zu messen. Dieselben Targets wurden benutzt und zusätzlich wurden folgende Targets vermessen Z2 = 29, 36, 47, 54. Von den gemessenen Ladungsverteilungen und Energieverlusten wurde die mittlere Ladung und das Bremsvermögen bestimmt. Bei 61 MeV/u ist ein Gas-Festkörper Effekt in der mittleren Ladung bei den monoatomaren Targets zu sehen. Der Effekt hat eine Grösse von fast 4 Ladungen. Das dazu gehörige Bremsvermögen zeigt nur einen Gas-Festkörper Effekt bei den leichteren Targets (Z2 <= 7). Die experimentellen Werte wurden mit dem PASS Programm [3, 4], dem ATIMA Programm [5] und den Hubert et al. Tabellen [6] verglichen. Die theoretischen Rechnungen von den Programmen stimmen mit den experimentellen Werten gut überein. PASS sagt einen Gas-Festkörper Effekt bei den schwereren Targets voraus, weil experimentelle Ladungen als Eingangsparameter benutzt wurden. Bei der 200 MeV/u Messung wurde ein Gas-Festkörper Unterschied in der Ionizationsrate in der Entwicklung des U81+ Ladungszustand beobachtet, ähnlich wie in der Ni27+ Messung

Second-order corrections to mean field evolution for weakly interacting Bosons. I

Inspired by the works of Rodnianski and Schlein and Wu, we derive a new nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation that describes a second-order correction to the usual tensor product (mean-field) approximation for the Hamiltonian evolution of a many-particle system in Bose-Einstein condensation. We show that our new equation, if it has solutions with appropriate smoothness and decay properties, implies a new Fock space estimate. We also show that for an interaction potential $v(x)= \epsilon \chi(x) |x|^{-1}$, where $\epsilon$ is sufficiently small and $\chi \in C_0^{\infty}$, our program can be easily implemented locally in time. We leave global in time issues, more singular potentials and sophisticated estimates for a subsequent part (part II) of this paper

Present and Future Bounds on Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions

We consider Non-Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI), described by four-fermion operators of the form $(\bar{\nu}_{\alpha} \gamma {\nu}_{\beta}) (\bar{f} \gamma f)$, where $f$ is an electron or first generation quark. We assume these operators are generated at dimension $\geq 8$, so the related vertices involving charged leptons, obtained by an SU(2) transformation $\nu_{\delta} \to e_{\delta}$, do not appear at tree level. These related vertices necessarily arise at one loop, via $W$ exchange. We catalogue current constraints from $\sin^2 \theta_W$ measurements in neutrino scattering, from atmospheric neutrino observations, from LEP, and from bounds on the related charged lepton operators. We estimate future bounds from comparing KamLAND and solar neutrino data, and from measuring $\sin^2 \theta_W$ at the near detector of a neutrino factory. Operators constructed with $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_e$ should not confuse the determination of oscillation parameters at a $\nu$factory, because the processes we consider are more sensitive than oscillations at the far detector. For operators involving $\nu_\tau$, we estimate similar sensitivities at the near and far detector.Comment: Erratum added at the end of the documen

On the effect of different flux limiters on the performance of an engine gas exchange gas-dynamic model

[EN] A suitable tool for the design of intake and exhaust systems of internal combustion engines is provided by time domain non-linear finite volume models. These models, however, are affected by overshoots at discontinuities and numerical dispersion unless some flux limiter is used. In this paper, the effect of the most relevant of such flux limiters on a non-linear staggered-mesh finite-volume model is evaluated. Flux-Corrected-Transport (FCT) and Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) schemes, together with a Momentum Diffusion Term (MDT) are presented for such a model, and the performance of the resulting methods is checked in different problems representative of the influence of engine gas exchange flows on engine performance and intake and exhaust noise. First, two one-dimensional cases are considered: the shock-tube problem, and the propagation of a finite amplitude pressure pulse. Secondly, a simple but representative three-dimensional geometry is studied. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that, even if none of the methods is able to handle properly the three problems considered, the FCT method provides the best overall performance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.M. Hernandez is partially supported through contract FPI-S2-2015-1064 of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Torregrosa, AJ.; Broatch, A.; Arnau Martínez, FJ.; Hernández-Marco, M. (2017). On the effect of different flux limiters on the performance of an engine gas exchange gas-dynamic model. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 133:740-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.09.029S74075113

The Mathematical Universe

I explore physics implications of the External Reality Hypothesis (ERH) that there exists an external physical reality completely independent of us humans. I argue that with a sufficiently broad definition of mathematics, it implies the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (MUH) that our physical world is an abstract mathematical structure. I discuss various implications of the ERH and MUH, ranging from standard physics topics like symmetries, irreducible representations, units, free parameters, randomness and initial conditions to broader issues like consciousness, parallel universes and Godel incompleteness. I hypothesize that only computable and decidable (in Godel's sense) structures exist, which alleviates the cosmological measure problem and help explain why our physical laws appear so simple. I also comment on the intimate relation between mathematical structures, computations, simulations and physical systems.Comment: Replaced to match accepted Found. Phys. version, 31 pages, 5 figs; more details at http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/toe.htm

Rotating Black Branes in the presence of nonlinear electromagnetic field

In this paper, we consider a class of gravity whose action represents itself as a sum of the usual Einstein-Hilbert action with cosmological constant and an $U(1)$ gauge field for which the action is given by a power of the Maxwell invariant. We present a class of the rotating black branes with Ricci flat horizon and show that the presented solutions may be interpreted as black brane solutions with two event horizons, extreme black hole and naked singularity provided the parameters of the solutions are chosen suitably. We investigate the properties of the solutions and find that for the special values of the nonlinear parameter, the solutions are not asymptotically anti-deSitter. At last, we obtain the conserved quantities of the rotating black branes and find that the nonlinear source effects on the electric field, the behavior of spacetime, type of singularity and other quantities.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, to appear in EPJ

Machine learning using digitized herbarium specimens to advance phenological research

Machine learning (ML) has great potential to drive scientific discovery by harvesting data from images of herbarium specimens—preserved plant material curated in natural history collections—but ML techniques have only recently been applied to this rich resource. ML has particularly strong prospects for the study of plant phenological events such as growth and reproduction. As a major indicator of climate change, driver of ecological processes, and critical determinant of plant fitness, plant phenology is an important frontier for the application of ML techniques for science and society. In the present article, we describe a generalized, modular ML workflow for extracting phenological data from images of herbarium specimens, and we discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential future improvements of this workflow. Strategic research and investment in specimen-based ML methods, along with the aggregation of herbarium specimen data, may give rise to a better understanding of life on Earth