Las enfermedades crónicas en los medios de comunicación en México

Ponencia presentada en la Segunda Conferencia Internacional de Comunicación en Salud, celebrada el 23 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridSiendo las enfermedades crónico degenerativas las principales causas de muerte en México, relacionadas directamente con aspectos de obesidad y sobrepeso, surge en la sociedad la necesidad de estar informados al respecto, y encontrar la forma de combatir la tendencia mencionada. Los medios de comunicación diversos y sitios de Internet publican en un escaso porcentaje información relacionada con la salud: se circunscriben a temas que tienen que ver con mensajes políticos, informes de actividades o estadísticas, pero no hay una cultura de información orientativa hacia la prevención entre la población. Es por ello que se requiere de una estrecha y expedita coordinación entre autoridades sanitarias mexicanas y grupos de comunicadores, así como representantes de medios de comunicación de toda índole –prensa escrita, radio, televisión, Internet y cine- para establecer estrategias que nos permitan lograr que la población tenga una mayor y mejor capacitación y concientización sobre las enfermedades y su relación con su salud, para poder lograr una sociedad más sana, y a la vez más eficiente, bajo la premisa de que la mejor medicina es la prevención de enfermedades y padecimientos

The Zintl-Klemm concept applied to cations in oxides. I. The structures of ternary aluminates

The structures of 94 ternary aluminates are reinterpreted on the basis of the Zintl-Klemm concept and Pearson's generalized octet rule. In aluminates of highly electropositive metals such as alkali, alkaline-earth and rare-earth metals, the Al atoms form three-dimensional skeleta which can be interpreted as if the Al atoms were behaving as Zintl polyanions, adopting the structure of either main-group elements or Zintl polyanions showing the same connectivity. The O atoms are then located close to both the hypothetical two-electron bonds and the lone pairs, giving rise to a tetrahedral coordination. When more electronegative elements, such as W or Si, are present in the compound, the electron transfer towards the Al atoms does not take place. In this case, aluminium behaves as a base, transferring its electrons to the more electronegative atoms and the coordination sphere of aluminium becomes octahedral. In some compounds the Al atoms clearly show amphoteric character so that some Al atoms act as donors (bases) and hence are octahedrally coordinated, whereas others behave as acceptors (acids), adopting a tetrahedral coordination. From this it is concluded that the coordination sphere of aluminium is not a function of the ionic radius of the Al3+ cations, but it depends on the nature of the other cations accompanying them in the structure. The networks formed by these aluminates are, in many instances, similar to those of the binary oxides of the main-group elements. For this reason, a systematic survey of these oxides is also reported. Compounds such as stuffed cristobalites and trydimites and also perovskites are examples of this new interpretation. Perovskites are then reinterpreted as a stuffed pseudo-TeO3 structure. Other families of compounds such as silicates and phosphates are susceptible to a similar interpretation. This study provides additional examples of how cations recognize themselves in spite of being embedded in an oxygen matrix.[to be completed]Peer reviewe

The Zintl-Klemm concept applied to cations in oxides. I. The structures of ternary aluminates

The structures of 94 ternary aluminates are reinterpreted on the basis of the Zintl-Klemm concept and Pearson's generalized octet rule. In aluminates of highly electropositive metals such as alkali, alkaline-earth and rare-earth metals, the Al atoms form three-dimensional skeleta which can be interpreted as if the Al atoms were behaving as Zintl polyanions, adopting the structure of either main-group elements or Zintl polyanions showing the same connectivity. The O atoms are then located close to both the hypothetical two-electron bonds and the lone pairs, giving rise to a tetrahedral coordination. When more electronegative elements, such as W or Si, are present in the compound, the electron transfer towards the Al atoms does not take place. In this case, aluminium behaves as a base, transferring its electrons to the more electronegative atoms and the coordination sphere of aluminium becomes octahedral. In some compounds the Al atoms clearly show amphoteric character so that some Al atoms act as donors (bases) and hence are octahedrally coordinated, whereas others behave as acceptors (acids), adopting a tetrahedral coordination. From this it is concluded that the coordination sphere of aluminium is not a function of the ionic radius of the Al3+ cations, but it depends on the nature of the other cations accompanying them in the structure. The networks formed by these aluminates are, in many instances, similar to those of the binary oxides of the main-group elements. For this reason, a systematic survey of these oxides is also reported. Compounds such as stuffed cristobalites and trydimites and also perovskites are examples of this new interpretation. Perovskites are then reinterpreted as a stuffed pseudo-TeO3 structure. Other families of compounds such as silicates and phosphates are susceptible to a similar interpretation. This study provides additional examples of how cations recognize themselves in spite of being embedded in an oxygen matrix.[to be completed]Peer reviewe

Análisis energético y exergético de un motor diesel de automoción operando en diferentes altitudes

RESUMEN: La densidad del aire disminuye con el aumento de la altitud sobre el nivel del mar, este aspecto afecta el proceso de combustión, la formación de emisiones contaminantes y por tanto el desempeño del motor. En este trabajo se presenta el diagnóstico del proceso de combustión de un motor diesel de automoción turbo-alimentado, mediante la medición de presión en cámara operando en tres alturas diferentes sobre el nivel del mar, bajo condiciones estacionarias, utilizando diesel convencional (acpm) como combustible. A medida que aumenta la altura sobre el nivel del mar se incrementa la relación combustible/aire (mezcla más rica) y con ello el consumo específico de combustible, la duración de la combustión, la combustión en fase premezclada, la temperatura máxima, el calor transferido a los gases y la exergía destruida, mientras que el rendimiento térmico efectivo del motor, la presión máxima y la exergía en el cilindro disminuyen. Sin embargo, la eficiencia mecánica y el tiempo de inyección se mantienen aproximadamente constantes. Las diferencias encontradas en la exergía destruida se deben a las variaciones del proceso de combustión, ya que no se encontraron efectos significativos en las carreras de compresión y expansión. La mayor irreversibilidad debida al aumento de la altura se debe a la baja calidad de la energía de los gases de escape.ABSTRACT: Altitude above sea level produces a reduction in air density affecting the combustion process, pollutant emissions, and engine performance. In this work the combustion diagnosis of an automotive turbocharged diesel engine was carried out from in-cylinder pressure signal. Tests were performed at three altitudes above sea level, under steady state operating conditions, using conventional diesel fuel. As altitude above sea level increased, the fuel/air mixture became richer. The brake specific fuel consumption, combustion duration, premixed combustion phase, maximum temperature, heat rejected to the gases and exergy destruction were also increased; at the same time, brake thermal efficiency, maximum in-cylinder pressure and in-cylinder exergy decreased. Mechanical efficiency and injection timing remained approximately invariable. Exergy destruction differences were caused by the combustion process, without significant effects during compression and expansion. The greater irreversibility resulting from altitude increase was linked with the lower energy quality of the exhaust gases

Kinetic Modeling, Thermodynamic Approach and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Thermal Inactivation of Lipases from Burkholderia cepacia and Rhizomucor miehei

The behavior against temperature and thermal stability of enzymes is a topic of importance for industrial biocatalysis. This study focuses on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal inactivation of Lipase PS from B. cepacia and Palatase from R. miehei. Thermal inactivation was investigated using eight inactivation models at a temperature range of 40–70 ◦C. Kinetic modeling showed that the first-order model and Weibull distribution were the best equations to describe the residual activity of Lipase PS and Palatase, respectively. The results obtained from the kinetic parameters, decimal reduction time (D and tR), and temperature required (z and z’) indicated a higher thermal stability of Lipase PS compared to Palatase. The activation energy values (Ea) also indicated that higher energy was required to denature bacterial (34.8 kJ mol−1 ) than fungal (23.3 kJ mol−1 ) lipase. The thermodynamic inactivation parameters, Gibbs free energy (∆G# ), entropy (∆S # ), and enthalpy (∆H# ) were also determined. The results showed a ∆G# for Palatase (86.0–92.1 kJ mol−1 ) lower than for Lipase PS (98.6–104.9 kJ mol−1 ), and a negative entropic and positive enthalpic contribution for both lipases. A comparative molecular dynamics simulation and structural analysis at 40 ◦C and 70 ◦C were also performed

Tuning the propagation constant by the anti-crossing bandgap prism coupling technique.

A novel plasmonic structure based on an anticrossing bandgap prism coupling technique is proposed. The study has been carried out using photonic crystals based on diffraction gratings (bounded by dielectrics with identical dielectric functions) together with a high refractive index prism to couple the long-range surface plasmon polaritons to photons. We analyse the structure and demonstrate the ability for tuning the propagation constants of plasmon modes by changing the thickness of the gold grating. The comparison to non-bandgap techniques is studied, and the influence of the plasmonic configuration on the plasmon propagation constant is discussed as well. Experimental measurements were also carried out to confirm the validity of our model

Portfolio optimization based on downside risk: a mean-semivariance ef¿cient frontier from Dow Jones blue chips

To create efficient funds appealing to a sector of bank clients, the objective of minimizing downside risk is relevant to managers of funds offered by the banks. In this paper, a case focusing on this objective is developed. More precisely, the scope and purpose of the paper is to apply the mean-semivariance efficient frontier model, which is a recent approach to portfolio selection of stocks when the investor is especially interested in the constrained minimization of downside risk measured by the portfolio semivariance. Concerning the opportunity set and observation period, the mean-semivariance efficient frontier model is applied to an actual case of portfolio choice from Dow Jones stocks with daily prices observed over the period 2005¿2009. From these daily prices, time series of returns (capital gains weekly computed) are obtained as a piece of basic information. Diversification constraints are established so that each portfolio weight cannot exceed 5 per cent. The results show significant differences between the portfolios obtained by mean-semivariance efficient frontier model and those portfolios of equal expected returns obtained by classical Markowitz mean-variance efficient frontier model. Precise comparisons between them are made, leading to the conclusion that the results are consistent with the objective of reflecting downside riskPla Santamaría, D.; Bravo Selles, M. (2013). Portfolio optimization based on downside risk: a mean-semivariance ef¿cient frontier from Dow Jones blue chips. Annals of Operations Research. 205(1):189-201. doi:10.1007/s10479-012-1243-xS1892012051Aouni, B. (2009). Multi-attribute portfolio selection: new perspectives. INFOR. Information Systems and Operational Research, 47(1), 1–4.Arenas, M., Bilbao, A., & Rodríguez, M. V. (2001). A fuzzy goal programming approach to portfolio selection. European Journal of Operational Research, 133, 287–297.Arrow, K. J. (1965). Aspects of the theory of risk-bearing. Helsinki: Academic Bookstore.Ballestero, E. (2005). Mean-semivariance efficient frontier: a downside risk model for portfolio selection. Applied Mathematical Finance, 12(1), 1–15.Ballestero, E., & Pla-Santamaria, D. (2004). Selecting portfolios for mutual funds. Omega, 32, 385–394.Ballestero, E., & Pla-Santamaria, D. (2005). Grading the performance of market indicators with utility benchmarks selected from Footsie: a 2000 case study. Applied Economics, 37, 2147–2160.Ballestero, E., Pérez-Gladish, B., Arenas-Parra, M., & Bilbao-Terol, A. (2009). Selecting portfolios given multiple Eurostoxx-based uncertainty scenarios: a stochastic goal programming approach from fuzzy betas. INFOR. Information Systems and Operational Research, 47(1), 59–70.Ben Abdelaziz, F., & Masri, H. (2005). Stochastic programming with fuzzy linear partial information on time series. European Journal of Operational Research, 162(3), 619–629.Ben Abdelaziz, F., Aouni, B., & El Fayedh, R. (2007). Multi-objective stochastic programming for portfolio selection. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1811–1823.Bermúdez, J. D., Segura, J. V., & Vercher, E. (2012). A multi-objective genetic algorithm for cardinality constrained fuzzy portfolio selection. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 188, 16–26.Bilbao, A., Arenas, M., Jiménez, M., Pérez- Gladish, B., & Rodríguez, M. V. (2006). An extension of Sharpe’s single-index model: portfolio selection with expert betas. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(12), 1442–1451.Chang, T. J., Yang, S. Ch., & Chang, K. J. (2009). Portfolio optimization problems in different risk measures using genetic algorithm. IEEE Intelligent Systems & Their Applications, 36, 10529–10537.Haugen, R. A. (1997). Modern investment theory. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.Huang, H. J., Tzeng, G. H., & Ong, C. S. (2006). A novel algorithm for uncertain portfolio selection. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 173(1), 350–359.Konno, H., Waki, H., & Yuuki, A. (2002). Portfolio optimization under lower partial risk measures. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 9, 127–140.Lin, C. M., Huang, J. J., Gen, M., & Tzeng, G. H. (2006). Recurrent neural network for dynamic portfolio selection. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 175(2), 1139–1146.Markowitz, H. M. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7, 77–91.Ong, C. S., Huang, J. J., & Tzeng, G. H. (2005). A novel hybrid model for portfolio selection. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 169(2), 1195–1210.Pendaraki, K., Doumpos, M., & Zopounidis, C. (2004). Towards a goal programming methodology for constructing equity mutual fund portfolios. Journal of Asset Management, 4(6), 415–428.Pérez-Gladish, B., Jones, D. F., Tamiz, M., & Bilbao-Terol, A. (2007). An interactive three-stage model for mutual funds portfolio selection. Omega, 35(1), 75–88.Pratt, J. W. (1964). Risk aversion in the small and in the large. Econometrica, 32(1–2), 122–136.Sharpe, W. F. (1994). The Sharpe ratio. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 21(1), 49–58.Sortino, F. A., & Van der Meer, V. (1991). Downside risk. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 17(4), 27–31.Speranza, M. G. (1993). Linear programming model for portfolio optimization. Finance, 14, 107–123.Steuer, R., Qi, Y., & Hirschberger, M. (2005). Multiple objectives in portfolio selection. Journal of Financial Decision Making, 1(1), 5–20.Steuer, R., Qi, Y., & Hirschberger, M. (2007). Suitable-portfolio investors, nondominated frontier sensitivity, and the effect of multiple objectives on standard portfolio selection. Annals of Operations Research, 152, 297–317.Vercher, E., Bermúdez, J. D., & Segura, J. V. (2007). Fuzzy portfolio optimization under downside risk measures. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 158, 769–782

Variabilidad técnica del Paleolítico Medio en el valle del Ebro : la Cueva de los Moros I de Gabasa (Peralta de Calasanz, Huesca)

La Cueva de Gabasa fue un alto de caza especializado en el abatimiento de caballos y ciervos jóvenes, cuya ocupación alternaron los neandertales con otros depredadores a lo largo de más de 10.000 años. Las cadenas operativas identificadas en el conjunto lítico se relacionan principalmente con las diferentes modalidades del método discoide y en menor medida con los métodos Levallois y Quina. Los soportes obtenidos (productos corticales, lascas con dorso desbordante, lascas ordinarias y centrípetas) fueron transformados principalmente en raederas y, en menor medida, en denticulados y muescas, y utilizados, junto con algunas lascas no retocadas, en el procesamiento de las presas (ciervos y caballos juveniles).La cova de Gabasa va ser un punt de caça especialitzat en l'abatiment de cavalls i de cérvols joves. Les ocupacions de la cova s'alternaren entre neandertals i d'altres depredadors al llarg de més de 10.000 anys. Les cadenes operatives identificades en el conjunt lític es relacionen principalment amb les diferents modalitats del mètode discoide i en menor mesura amb els mètodes Levallois i Quina. Els suports obtinguts (productes corticals, ascles amb dors desbordant, ascles ordinàries i centrípetes) van ser transformats principalment en raspadores i, en menor mesura, en denticulats i osques, i utilitzats, juntament amb algunes ascles no retocades, en el processament de les preses (cérvols i cavalls juvenils).La grotte de Gabasa fut utilisée comme halte de chasse spécialisée dans l'abatage de jeunes chevaux et cerfs, étant occupée alternativement par les néandertaliens et d'autres prédateurs pour plus de 10.000 années. Les chaînes opératives, qui ont été identifiées dans l'ensemble lithique, peuvent être mises en relation principalement avec les différentes modalités du méthode discoïde et, dans un degré inférieur, avec les méthodes levallois et quina. Les supports obtenus (produits corticaux, éclats débordants, éclats ordinaires et centripètes) furent transformés surtout en racloirs mais aussi en denticulés et encoches qui avec quelques éclats non retouchés étaient utilisés pour le traitement des proies.Gabasa cave was a hunting site specialized in horses and young deers, whose occupation was alternated by neandertals and other predators for more than 10.000 years. The operative chains identified in the lithic ensemble are mainly related to the different types of discoid method and, in a less important way, with levallois and quina methods. The obtained products (cortical products, debordant flakes, ordinary and centripetal flakes) were mainly transformed into side-scrapers and secondly in denticulated and notched instruments, which were used, like some unretouched flakes, in the preys processing

Increased moral condemnation of accidental harm in institutionalized adolescents

Social deprivation, as faced by children in institutional rearing, involves socio-cognitive deficits that may persist into adolescence. In particular, two relevant domains which prove sensitive to pre-adult neurodevelopment are theory of mind (ToM) and moral judgment (a complex skill which partially depend upon ToM). However, no study has assessed moral evaluation in adolescents with a history of institutional care, let alone its relationship with ToM skills. The present study aims to bridge this gap, focusing on moral evaluation of harmful actions in institutionalized adolescents (IAs). Relative to adolescents raised with their biological families, IAs exhibited less willingness to exculpate protagonists for accidental harms, suggesting an under-reliance on information about a person’s (innocent) intentions. Moreover, such abnormalities in IAs were associated with ToM impairments. Taken together, our findings extend previous findings of delayed ToM under social deprivation, further showing that the development of moral cognition is also vulnerable to the impact of institutionalization. These results could pave the way for novel research on the role of institutional rearing in ToM and moral development during adolescence.Fil: Baez, Sandra. Universidad de los Andes; ColombiaFil: Herrera, Eduar. Universidad Icesi; ColombiaFil: García, Adolfo Martín. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional. Fundación Ineco Rosario Sede del Incyt | Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional. Fundación Ineco Rosario Sede del Incyt | Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional. Fundación Ineco Rosario Sede del Incyt; ArgentinaFil: Huepe, David. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; ChileFil: Santamaría-García, Hernando. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Colombia. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio; ColombiaFil: Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano. Universidad Autónoma del Caribe; Colombia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional. Fundación Ineco Rosario Sede del Incyt | Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional. Fundación Ineco Rosario Sede del Incyt | Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional. Fundación Ineco Rosario Sede del Incyt; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; Chile. Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders; Australi