Impacto del ozono troposférico sobre la anatomía foliar de Abies pinsapo Boiss. I: estudio de la distribución de daños

Impacto del ozono troposférico sobre la anatomía foliar de Abies pinsapo Boiss. I: Estudio de la distribución de daños. Con el fin de elaborar unos criterios unificados para la evaluación del impacto del ozono troposférico y compararlos con la respuesta de las poblaciones naturales de Sierra Bermeja y Sierra de las Nieves, se han reproducido en cámaras Open Top, ambientes filtrados y enriquecidos con ozono para realizar una caracterización microscópica del daño que produce el ozono troposférico sobre Abies pinsapo Boiss. Los resultados demuestran que pese a que la morfología foliar permanece inalterada tras someter durante un mes en condiciones de 30 ppb durante 8 horas al día, a nivel tisular se han producido daños de consideración que afectan de este endemismoTropospheric ozone injury on the foliar anatomy of Abies pinsapo Boiss. I: Study of damage distribution. With the aim of develop unified criteria to evaluate the tropospheric ozone injury and compare with responses in Abies pinsapo Boiss. in natural populations in Sierra Bermeja and Sierra de las Nieves, it has been reproduced in Open Top Chambers conditions of filtered air and addition of controlled amounts of ozone. Results show that despite leaf morphology remains unaltered after a treatment with 30 ppb 8 hours per day, at tissue level there have been injuries that affect this endemis

Evolutionary Trends in the Mitochondrial Genome of Archaeplastida: How Does the GC Bias Affect the Transition from Water to Land?

[EN] Among the most intriguing mysteries in the evolutionary biology of photosynthetic organisms are the genesis and consequences of the dramatic increase in the mitochondrial and nuclear genome sizes, together with the concomitant evolution of the three genetic compartments, particularly during the transition from water to land. To clarify the evolutionary trends in the mitochondrial genome of Archaeplastida, we analyzed the sequences from 37 complete genomes. Therefore, we utilized mitochondrial, plastidial and nuclear ribosomal DNA molecular markers on 100 species of Streptophyta for each subunit. Hierarchical models of sequence evolution were fitted to test the heterogeneity in the base composition. The best resulting phylogenies were used for reconstructing the ancestral Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content and equilibrium GC frequency (GC*) using non-homogeneous and non-stationary models fitted with a maximum likelihood approach. The mitochondrial genome length was strongly related to repetitive sequences across Archaeplastida evolution; however, the length seemed not to be linked to the other studied variables, as different lineages showed diverse evolutionary patterns. In contrast, Streptophyta exhibited a powerful positive relationship between the GC content, non-coding DNA, and repetitive sequences, while the evolution of Chlorophyta reflected a strong positive linear relationship between the genome length and the number of genes.This research was funded by the European Commission (Environment - LIFE Programme) project for the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain), LIFE05 NAT/E/000060.Pedrola-Monfort, J.; Lázaro-Gimeno, D.; Boluda, CG.; Pedrola, L.; Garmendia, A.; Soler, C.; Soriano, JM. (2020). Evolutionary Trends in the Mitochondrial Genome of Archaeplastida: How Does the GC Bias Affect the Transition from Water to Land?. Plants. 9(3):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030358S1159

Balanced gene losses, duplications and intensive rearrangements led to an unusual regularly sized genome in Arbutus unedo chloroplasts

Completely sequenced plastomes provide a valuable source of information about the duplication, loss, and transfer events of chloroplast genes and phylogenetic data for resolving relationships among major groups of plants. Moreover, they can also be useful for exploiting chloroplast genetic engineering technology. Ericales account for approximately six per cent of eudicot diversity with 11,545 species from which only three complete plastome sequences are currently available. With the aim of increasing the number of ericalean complete plastome sequences, and to open new perspectives in understanding Mediterranean plant adaptations, a genomic study on the basis of the complete chloroplast genome sequencing of Arbutus unedo and an updated phylogenomic analysis of Asteridae was implemented. The chloroplast genome of A. unedo shows extensive rearrangements but a medium size (150,897 nt) in comparison to most of angiosperms. A number of remarkable distinct features characterize the plastome of A. unedo: five-fold dismissing of the SSC region in relation to most angiosperms; complete loss or pseudogenization of a number of essential genes; duplication of the ndhH-D operon and its location within the two IRs; presence of large tandem repeats located near highly re-arranged regions and pseudogenes. All these features outline the primary evolutionary split between Ericaceae and other ericalean families. The newly sequenced plastome of A. unedo with the available asterid sequences allowed the resolution of some uncertainties in previous phylogenies of Asteridae

Análsis de los fondos recibidos por las organizaciones no gubernamentales de desarrollo en España y su relación con el producto interno bruto. Período 2003-2007

La Teoría de los Recursos Sobrantes (TRS) propone que la inversión en acciones sociales se debe a la abundancia de recursos monetarios en manos de los agentes económicos, reduciéndose la inversión realizada cuando su capacidad económica se reduce a causa de una recesión. El objetivo de este artículo es contrastar la presencia de la TRS en el ámbito de la Organizaciones No Gubernamentales para el Desarrollo (ONGD) en España. En concreto, se analiza la relación entre los fondos públicos y privados recibidos por lasONGDespañolas y el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) en el período 2003-2007. La metodología utilizada se basa en dos análisis, uno gráfico y otro econométrico, aplicado a una muestra de 69 ONGD obtenida de los Directorios de la Coordinadora Española de ONGD. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que el PIB per cápita influye positivamente en los fondos obtenidos por las ONGD españolas. Además, cabe destacar la existencia de un efecto sustitución entre los fondos públicos y privados obtenidos por las ONGD, cuyo perfil básico es el de una pequeña o mediana organización, motivada por un ímpetu religioso y que desarrolla su trabajo a través de personal voluntario, con la forma jurídica de asociación

Comparison of the lengths of LSC, SSC and IR regions among Asteridae.

<p>Accession numbers of the corresponding genomes are indicated in Table S2.</p

Genes found in the <i>Arbutus unedo</i> chloroplast genome.

a<p>Gene containing two introns.</p>b<p>Gene containing a single intron.</p>c<p>Two gene copies in the IRs.</p>d<p>Gene whose transcripts are trans-spliced.</p

Phylogram based on sequence analysis of 83 chloroplast genes from 57 plant species (Table S2).

<p>Asterisks indicate nodes with values of 0.1 and 100 for bootstrap values and posterior probabilities, respectively. The scale bar indicates substitutions/site. The current taxonomic classifications are indicated on the right (<i>i</i>.<i>s</i>., <i>incertae sedis</i>).</p

Gene map and alignment of the LSC region of three ericalean species in relation to <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>.

<p>(A) Gene map of the LSC region in the chloroplast genome of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>. (B) Gene alignment of the LSC region of <i>Ardisia polysticta</i>, <i>Camellia sinensis</i>, <i>Arbutus unedo</i>, <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> belonging to Ericales and <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> belonging to Solanales. MAUVE multiple alignment <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079685#pone.0079685-Darling1" target="_blank">[33]</a> implemented in Geneious <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079685#pone.0079685-Kearse1" target="_blank">[23]</a>. Colored outlined blocks surround regions of the genome sequence that aligned with part of another genome. The coloured bars inside the blocks are related to the level of sequence similarities. Lines link blocks with homology between two genomes. Accession numbers of the corresponding genomes are indicated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079685#pone.0079685.s006" target="_blank">Table S2</a>.</p