Microtubule motors transport phagosomes in the RPE, and lack of KLC1 leads to AMD-like pathogenesis.

The degradation of phagosomes, derived from the ingestion of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) disk membranes, is a major role of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, POS phagosomes were observed to associate with myosin-7a, and then kinesin-1, as they moved from the apical region of the RPE. Live-cell imaging showed that the phagosomes moved bidirectionally along microtubules in RPE cells, with kinesin-1 light chain 1 (KLC1) remaining associated in both directions and during pauses. Lack of KLC1 did not inhibit phagosome speed, but run length was decreased, and phagosome localization and degradation were impaired. In old mice, lack of KLC1 resulted in RPE pathogenesis that was strikingly comparable to aspects of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with an excessive accumulation of RPE and sub-RPE deposits, as well as oxidative and inflammatory stress responses. These results elucidate mechanisms of POS phagosome transport in relation to degradation, and demonstrate that defective microtubule motor transport in the RPE leads to phenotypes associated with AMD

Nuevas tecnologías y tratamiento de fondos y colecciones fotográficas

Actas de las Segundas Jornadas Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebradas entre el 1 y el 3 de julio de 2003 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPublicad

Análisis de la adaptabilidad de los criterios de diseño para una arquitectura resiliente y sostenible.

[ES] El trabajo pretende plantear una reflexión mediante el análisis crítico de algunos principios y objetivos que son de importancia fundamental en la arquitectura actual y cómo pueden adaptarse, condicionar o tomar forma en nuestra manera de proyectar. Los parámetros sobre los que el trabajo pretende incidir son: - La resiliencia psicológica humana y sus relaciones con una arquitectura resiliente. - La sostenibilidad ambiental, social y económica de la arquitectura y sus implicaciones ecológicas. Consecuentemente, se trata de abordar los espacios y las soluciones arquitectónicas en términos de decisiones proyectuales a los efectos de dos de los grandes retos actuales: por un lado, la capacidad de los seres humanos para adaptarse positivamente a situaciones adversas y la capacidad de la arquitectura para recuperar o modificar sus funciones habituales cuando ocurren perturbaciones en el sistema; por otra parte, asumir que la naturaleza y el medio ambiente no son una fuente inagotable de recursos, promover el desarrollo social buscando la cohesión entre comunidades y culturas, y hacerlo en base a una gestión económica que fomente la biodiversidad y el respeto por el medio ambiente. El trabajo pretende plantear una reflexión mediante un análisis crítico de los principios y los fines que han modelado nuestra manera de proyectar, y de este modo, localizar los conceptos válidos, los que necesitan actualizarse y aquellos que deben adquirir una mayor relevancia. La reflexión partirá de una investigación sobre la situación global, analizando de dónde venimos, cómo hemos evolucionado y cuál es el camino que queremos tomar en arquitectura. El análisis se centrará en una serie de obras de valor arquitectónico que se estudiarán respecto a parámetros fijados en la reflexión para detectar de que manera sus propuestas son reutilizables o adaptables a los objetivos actuales. La conclusión quiere obtener una serie de herramientas que den respuesta a los retos establecidos y que sirvan de apoyo a las soluciones a incorporar a un futuro TFM a desarrollar.[EN] The work raises a reflection through the critical analysis of some principles and objectives that are of fundamental importance in the current architecture and how they can adapt, condition or formalize in our way of design the project. The parameters on which the work aims to influence are: - Human psychological resilience and its relationships with a resilient architecture. - The environmental, social and economic sustainability of architecture and its ecological implications. Consequently, the work is about addressing architectural spaces and solutions in terms of project design decisions for the purposes of two of today's great challenges: on the one hand, the ability of human beings to adapt positively to adverse situations and the capacity of architecture to recover or modify its normal functions when disturbances occur in the system; on the other hand, assuming that nature and the environment are not an inexhaustible source of resources, promoting social development seeking cohesion between communities and cultures, and doing so based on economic management that fosters biodiversity and respect for the natural environment. The work tries to propose a reflection through a critical analysis of the principles and purposes that have shaped our way of project designing and, therefore, locate the valid concepts, those that need updating and those that must acquire greater relevance. The reflection will start from a research on the global situation, analysing where we come from, how solutions have evolved and what is the path we want to take in architecture. The analysis will focus on a series of works of architectural value that will be studied regarding the parameters set in the reflection to detect how the solutions are reusable or adaptable to current objectives. The conclusion wants to obtain a series of tools responding to the established challenges and that support the solutions to be incorporated into a future TFM to be developed.López Esteve, D. (2020). Análisis de la adaptabilidad de los criterios de diseño para una arquitectura resiliente y sostenible. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/167149TFG

Restauración de la vidriera de hormigón del Seminario Diocesano Mater Dei en Castellón: retos de ayer y hoy

El Seminario Diocesano Mater Dei en Castellón (1961-1966)i es una de las obra del arquitecto Luis Cubillo de Arteaga (1921-2000) incluida en el Registro de edificios del Docomomo Ibérico, dentro de la sección de equipamientos modernos, recibiendo el reconocimiento a su Arquitectura Modernaii. Se trata pues de un edificio de concepción moderna que tiene como resultado la agrupación de una serie de piezas orgánicamente repartidas, relacionando cada uno de los pabellones autónomos con el resto a través de un entramado de patios, corredores y ejes de comunicación, materializando el edificio a través de una estructura de perfiles laminados de acero y fábrica de paramentos de ladrillo.Peer Reviewe

Intercomparison of Multiple UV-LIF Spectrometers using the Aerosol Challenge Simulator

Measurements of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) have been conducted worldwide using ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectrometers. However, how these instruments detect and respond to known biological and non-biological particles, and how they compare, remains uncertain due to limited laboratory intercomparisons. Using the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Aerosol Challenge Simulator (ACS), controlled concentrations of biological and non-biological aerosol particles, singly or as mixtures, were produced for testing and intercomparison of multiple versions of the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Spectrometer (WIBS) and Multiparameter Bioaerosol Spectrometer (MBS). Although the results suggest some challenges in discriminating biological particle types across different versions of the same UV-LIF instrument, a difference in fluorescence intensity between the non-biological and biological samples could be identified for most instruments. While lower concentrations of fluorescent particles were detected by the MBS, the MBS demonstrates the potential to discriminate between pollen and other biological particles. This study presents the first published technical summary and use of the ACS for instrument intercomparisons. Within this work a clear overview of the data pre-processing is also presented, and documentation of instrument version/model numbers is suggested to assess potential instrument variations between different versions of the same instrument. Further laboratory studies sampling different particle types are suggested before use in quantifying impact on ambient classification.Peer reviewe

A Novel Self-Learning Framework for Bladder Cancer Grading Using Histopathological Images

Recently, bladder cancer has been significantly increased in terms of incidence and mortality. Currently, two subtypes are known based on tumour growth: non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In this work, we focus on the MIBC subtype because it is of the worst prognosis and can spread to adjacent organs. We present a self-learning framework to grade bladder cancer from histological images stained via immunohistochemical techniques. Specifically, we propose a novel Deep Convolutional Embedded Attention Clustering (DCEAC) which allows classifying histological patches into different severity levels of the disease, according to the patterns established in the literature. The proposed DCEAC model follows a two-step fully unsupervised learning methodology to discern between non-tumour, mild and infiltrative patterns from high-resolution samples of 512x512 pixels. Our system outperforms previous clustering-based methods by including a convolutional attention module, which allows refining the features of the latent space before the classification stage. The proposed network exceeds state-of-the-art approaches by 2-3% across different metrics, achieving a final average accuracy of 0.9034 in a multi-class scenario. Furthermore, the reported class activation maps evidence that our model is able to learn by itself the same patterns that clinicians consider relevant, without incurring prior annotation steps. This fact supposes a breakthrough in muscle-invasive bladder cancer grading which bridges the gap with respect to train the model on labelled data

e-Learning managements tools

El uso de plataformas e-Learning como apoyo a la docencia en las distintas universidades europeas ha experimentado un gran desarrollo en los últimos años. En estas universidades, y en muchas empresas se han venido utilizando indistintamente tanto plataformas de código abierto como comerciales. En concreto, en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, la plataforma comercial WebCT [11] convive en la actualidad con plataformas de código abierto como Moodle [1], Ilias [13] y Sakai [17]. Generalmente, los problemas surgen cuando un profesor decide, (o se ve obligado) a cambiar la plataforma donde tiene virtualizada una cierta asignatura/s. En ese momento el profesor teme perder todo el trabajo realizado con la anterior plataforma. Cuestionarios, exámenes, notas, temas, la perdida sería importante. Por eso es tan importante disponer de una herramienta que facilite todo este trabajo de migración de plataformas. Ésta es la idea principal a partir de la cual surge el proyecto e-Learning Management Tools, crear una aplicación que permita migrar los contenidos que un profesor tiene en una plataforma x a otra plataforma y. Concretamente la aplicación se centra en los ‘cuestionarios’ o ‘bancos de preguntas’ que forman parte de las asignaturas/cursos virtualizadas en alguna de las siguientes plataformas WebCT [11], Moodle [1], Ilias [13] y Sakai [17]. Cada plataforma permite importar y exportar dichos cuestionarios. Por tanto la aplicación que hemos diseñado, implementado y desarrollado contendrá una base de datos donde se almacenarán preguntas y respuestas de las distintas plataformas. El usuario de la aplicación deberá exportar desde la plataforma de origen las preguntas que quiera migrar. A continuación y desde nuestra aplicación podrá elegir qué tipo de fichero desea importar, eligiéndose el archivo generado en el paso anterior. La aplicación escaneará ese fichero y añadirá a la base de datos las preguntas que dicho fichero contenga. A continuación el usuario podrá exportar todas las preguntas de la base de datos a la plataforma que el desee, generándose un fichero que podrá ser utilizado desde las distintas plataformas para la importación de preguntas. De esta forma se consigue una migración de preguntas de una plataforma a otra, de una manera sencilla y rápida para el usuario. Por tanto gracias a esta herramienta se le X brinda al profesor la posibilidad de organizar y localizar las preguntas de cursos virtualizados en distintas plataformas en una misma aplicación, permitiéndose la modificación, borrado y exportación de esas preguntas, así como la creación de nuevas preguntas desde la propia aplicación. Dentro de estas plataformas es muy común el uso de imágenes en las distintas secciones que componen los cursos. Además los profesores suelen trabajar con una gran variedad de imágenes, que en múltiples ocasiones buscan en internet una y otra vez. Así surge la idea de otra de las herramientas que contiene e-Learning Management Tools, la referente al gestor de imágenes. La herramienta permite almacenar en una base de datos, imágenes permitiendo al profesor anotarlas con Temas o descripciones que el elija, así como asignar a las imágenes asignaturas, de forma que luego puedan filtrar imágenes por una asignatura o descripción concreta. Además se permite la exportación en un fichero comprimido de las imágenes que el usuario elija. La otra herramienta de e-Learning Management Tools nace a raíz de la gran variedad de plataformas existentes en el mercado y la dificultad que encuentran muchos profesores a la hora de decidir cual utilizar. Ésta consiste en un recomendador de plataformas de e-Learning basado en el árbol de decisión ID3 [19], que automatiza la elección de la plataforma, teniendo en cuenta las características y necesidades del usuario. Estos usuarios se ven desbordados ante la variedad de plataformas disponibles, y ante la escasez de conocimientos acerca de en qué casos es mejor utilizar una u otra plataforma. Para ello el recomendador se basa en un perfil, rellenado por el usuario o extraído de la base de datos, para obtener así la plataforma más acorde a sus necesidades. La aplicación ha sido desarrollada bajo Microsoft Windows, con tecnología .NET [2] y en el lenguaje C#, que ha tenido un gran auge en los últimos tiempos. [ABSTRACT] The use of e-Learning platforms to support teaching in European universities have experienced a great development in recent years. In these universities, and many companies there have been used indiscriminately open source platforms and commercial ones. Specifically in Complutense University of Madrid University the commercial platform WebCT [11] coexists with other open source platforms as Moodle [1], Ilias [13] or Sakai [17]. Generally, the problems emerge when a teacher decides, or is forced to change the platform where he has virtualized a certain subject, at this moment the following questions arise; will he loose all his quizzes, exams, etc. in the new platform? Or contrarily, will he be able to preserve all his work done with older platforms. This one is the principal idea from which the project e-Learning Management Tools arises, to create an application that allows to migrate the contents that a teacher has in a platform x to another platform y. Concretely the application centre’s on the questionnaires or banks of questions, that form a part of the subjects / courses virtualized in someone of XI the following platforms WebCT [11], Moodle [1], Ilias [13] and Sakai [17]. Every platform allows to import and to export the above mentioned questionnaires. Therefore the application that we have designed, implemented and developed will contain a database where there will be stored questions and answers of the different platforms. The user of the application will have to export from the platform of origin the questions that he wants to migrate. Later and from our application he will be able to choose what type of file wants to import, (he will select the file generated in previous step). The application will parse this file and it will add to the database the questions that the above mentioned file contains. Later the user will be able to export all the questions of the database to the platform that he wishes a file will be generated that could be used from the different platforms for questions import. So following the previous steps there is obtained a migration of questions of a platform to other one, in a simple and rapid way for the user. Therefore our tools lets the teacher the possibility of organizing and locating the questions of courses virtualized in different platforms in the same application, and also the modification deletion and export of these questions will be allowed, as well as the creation of new questions. Inside these platforms the use of images is very common in the different sections that compose the courses. In addition the teachers are in the habit of working with a great variety of images, which are in multiple occasions search in Internet. This way emerge another tool that e-Learning Management Tools contains, the relating one to the manager of images. The tool allows to store in a database, images allowing the teacher to annotate them with topics or descriptions that he chooses, as well as to assign to the images subjects, so that then they could select images for a concrete subject or description. In addition the export is allowed in a compressed file of the images that the user chooses. Another E-Learning Management's Tools component is born immediately after the great variety of existing platforms on the market and the difficulty that many teachers find at the moment of deciding which to use. This one consists of a recommender of platforms of e-Learning based on the tree of decision ID3 [19], which automates the choice of the platform, having in it counts the characteristics and needs of the user. These users meet exceeded before the variety of available platforms, and before the shortage of knowledge it brings over of in what cases it is better to use one or another platform. For it the recommender bases on a profile filled by the user or extracted from the database, to obtain this way the best platform for his needs. The application has been developed under Microsoft Windows, with technology .NET [2] and in the language C# that has had a great summit in the last times

Perspectives On Software-defined Networks: Interviews With Five Leading Scientists From The Networking Community

Software defined Networks (SDNs) have drawn much attention both from academia and industry over the last few years. Despite the fact that underlying ideas already exist through areas such as P2P applications and active networks (e.g. virtual topologies and dynamic changes of the network via software), only now has the technology evolved to a point where it is possible to scale the implementations, which justifies the high interest in SDNs nowadays. In this article, the JISA Editors invite five leading scientists from three continents (Raouf Boutaba, David Hutchison, Raj Jain, Ramachandran Ramjee, and Christian Esteve Rothenberg) to give their opinions about what is really new in SDNs. The interviews cover whether big telecom and data center companies need to consider using SDNs, if the new paradigm is changing the way computer networks are understood and taught, and what are the open issues on the topic.

Contribución al conocimiento de la geología del depósito de Au-Cu de La Pava (Península de Azuero, Panamá)

The «La Pava» Au-Cu deposit is hosted by a vulcanosedimentary sequence, named Ocú Formation,developed in an island arc environment that resulted from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate during the Cretaceous times. The deposit consists of disseminations and stockworks of pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanied by barite, quartz and carbonates. Three hydrothermal alteration zones have been recognized: silicic, argillic and propilityc, typical of gold-related high sulfidation systems. A supergenic alteration overprints the hydrothermal alterations developing a cap rich in silica and Feoxides. The detailed study of the Ocú Fm. indicates that the sulfides and the accompanying gold was formed in a submarine environment. Therefore we suggest that «La Pava» represents an Au-Cu hybrid deposit between high sulphidation epithermal and VMS types, which are found in volcanogenic massive sulphide environments

Seaport Data Space for Improving Logistic Maritime Operations

[EN] The maritime industry expects several improvements to efficiently manage the operation processes by introducing Industry 4.0 enabling technologies. Seaports are the most critical point in the maritime logistics chain because of its multimodal and complex nature. Consequently, coordinated communication among any seaport stakeholders is vital to improving their operations. Currently, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Port Community Systems (PCS), as primary enablers of digital seaports, have demonstrated their limitations to interchange information on time, accurately, efficiently, and securely, causing high operation costs, low resource management, and low performance. For these reasons, this contribution presents the Seaport Data Space (SDS) based on the Industrial Data Space (IDS) reference architecture model to enable a secure data sharing space and promote an intelligent transport multimodal terminal. Each seaport stakeholders implements the IDS connector to take part in the SDS and share their data. On top of SDS, a Big Data architecture is integrated to manage the massive data shared in the SDS and extract useful information to improve the decision-making. The architecture has been evaluated by enabling a port authority and a container terminal to share its data with a shipping company. As a result, several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been developed by using the Big Data architecture functionalities. The KPIs have been shown in a dashboard to allow easy interpretability of results for planning vessel operations. The SDS environment may improve the communication between stakeholders by reducing the transaction costs, enhancing the quality of information, and exhibiting effectivenessThis work was supported in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through the PIXEL Port Project under Grant 769355, and in part by the Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), EcuadorSarabia-Jácome, D.; Palau Salvador, CE.; Esteve Domingo, M.; Boronat, F. (2019). Seaport Data Space for Improving Logistic Maritime Operations. IEEE Access. 8:4372-4382. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963283S43724382