A linguagem literária do New Journalism em The Duke in His Domain

O presente artigo possui o intuito de esclarecer como a linguagem literária foi atrelada à linguagem jornalística na categoria New Journalism (Novo Jornalismo, no português). Para isso, utilizamos trechos do artigo The Duke in His Domain, de Truman Capote, que se trata de um perfil-reportagem do ator hollywoodiano Marlon Brando, escrito em 1957 e publicado na famosa revista nova-iorquina, The New Yorker. A relevância para análise deste objeto de pesquisa não é somente em relação ao toque literário, mas também devido a sua importância histórica e jornalística, pois é sabido que tal texto é um precursor do New Journalism. O referencial teórico da pesquisa é embasado em um artigo de Cyntia Belgini Andretta, estudiosa da obra de Truman Capote, e em autores que se dedicam ao estudo do jornalismo-literário, como Eduardo Belo e Marcelo Bulhões. Com o resultado da pesquisa, a análise de trechos do artigo de Capote ajudará a esclarecer dúvidas em relação ao uso dos recursos literários dentro do jornalismo

Effects of hecogenin and its possible mechanism of action on experimental models of gastric ulcer in mice

This study investigates the gastroprotective effects of hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, on experimental models of gastric ulcer. Male Swiss mice were used in the models of ethanol-and indometacin-induced gastric ulcer. To clarify the hecogenin mechanism of action, the roles of nitric oxide (NO), sulfhydryls (GSH), K-ATP(+) channels and prostaglandins were also investigated, and measurements of lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) and nitrite levels in the stomach of hecogenin-treated and untreated animals were performed. Furthermore, the effects of hecogenin on myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from human neutrophils were assessed in vitro. Our results showed that hecogenin (3.1, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) acutely administered, before ethanol or indomethacin, exhibited a potent gastroprotective effect. Although the pretreatments with L-NAME, an iNOS inhibitor, and capsazepine, a TRPV1 receptor agonist, were not able to reverse the hecogenin effect, this was reversed by glibenclamide, a K-ATP(+) blocker, and indomethacin in the model of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. the hecogenin pretreatment normalized GSH levels and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels in the stomach, as evaluated by the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. the drug alone increased COX-2 expression and this effect was further enhanced in the presence of ethanol. It also decreased MPO release and significantly protected the gastric mucosa. in conclusion, we showed that hecogenin presents a significant gastroprotective effect that seems to be mediated by K-ATP(+) channels opening and the COX-2/PG pathway. in addition, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may play a role in the gastroprotective drug effect. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Pharm, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BR-58100000 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Morphol, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O comprometimento pulmonar e o padrão de resposta imune in situ em casos em casos humanos fatais de infecção pelo vírus da febre amarela

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.A febre amarela (FA) é uma doença viral aguda de grande importância para a saúde pública por causar periodicamente surtos isolados ou epidemias com significativo impacto. A FA é causada pelo vírus da febre amarela (VFA), pertencente à família Flaviviridae e ao gênero Flavivirus. Essa doença é caracterizada por provocar lesões em diferentes órgãos, seja como consequência do efeito citopático viral direto ou por meio de uma resposta imune do próprio hospedeiro. Apesar de muitas investigações relacionadas a FA, não há estudos disponíveis na literatura quanto à resposta imune in situ no pulmão humano e sua relação com as lesões encontradas neste órgão. Nesse contexto, investigar esses aspectos imunopatológicos em casos fatais pode ajudar para um melhor entendimento na evolução da infecção. Aqui, com base em 10 amostras de tecido pulmonar de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito pela infecção pelo VFA, caracterizamos as alterações histopatológicas, através da coloração de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e o padrão de resposta imune in situ pela quantificação da imunoexpressão de E-selectina, P-selectina, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ e TGF-β, através do método de imunoistoquímica, baseada na formação do complexo biotina estreptavidina peroxidase. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman com nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05). De acordo com os dados obtidos, os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas na expressão dos marcadores entre os casos fatais de FA e as amostras controles. O aumento das imunoglobulinas ICAM-1 e VCAM-1 resultam no fortalecimento da sinalização de transmigração tecidual. Assim como E-selectina e P-selectina participam ativamente desse processo de migração celular e formação do infiltrado inflamatório. O IFN-γ e TNF-α participam do processo de lesão celular e depuração viral. As citocinas IL-4 e TGF-β, atuando em sinergismo, participam do processo de regeneração e reparto tecidual. Assim como as citocinas anti-inflamatórias IL-4, IL-10 e IL-13 atuam na redução da inflamação e reparo tecidual. Dessa forma, nosso estudo indica que a ativação do endotélio agrava a resposta inflamatória ao induzir a expressão de moléculas de adesão e de citocinas que contribuem para o rolamento, recrutamento, migração e construção do processo inflamatório no parênquima pulmonar, contribuindo para o desfecho fatal da doença

Identificação do desmatamento através da análise comparativa do Normalize Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) e Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) no município de Juiz de Fora - MG

The vegetation indices are used in various areas of remote sensing. They are mainly used in environmental studies interested in doing analysis on land cover in a certain region. This study has as objective to compare two types of vegetation indices in rural Juiz de Fora (MG). This comparison will be done with images georeferenced. The proposed work can provide data for monitoring and prevention of common deforestation in the region. The reason of deforestation has been: creating new roads, mains, pipes for sanitation and urban sprawl. The data analyzed in the LANDSAT TM sensor - 5 which make it possible to monitor natural resources. The comparison between the vegetation index (NDVI) and ratio vegetation index (RVI) is performed on an area in a given time period. This comparison allows the identification of biomass and its spatial distribution for auxiliary information in many geographical information systems to date and accurate fashion. The results showed that the images with the values of RVI and NDVI are very similar; however the NDVI has better clarity to target classes. The RVI detected almost twice deforested areas, which makes the NDVI a more reliable indicator, also shows an important tool in the identification of plant biomass.Pages: 4411-441

Morphological atypia and molecular profile of

This study aimed to perform morphological and molecular analyses of parasites isolated from the blood of malaria-infected individuals during an outbreak in the Microregion of Cametá, State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 260 positive samples were identified by microscopy as Plasmodium vivax; however, in three samples, forms considered unusual for the species were found and defined as morphological atypia of P. vivax. Single P. vivax infection was confirmed by qPCR in all samples. Among 256 genotyped samples, the VK247 genotype alone was identified in 255 samples, and the VK210 genotype was found in only one. The study showed that this malaria outbreak was caused by the etiological agent P. vivax, and for the first time, morphological atypia was described in isolates circulating in Brazil. Likewise, for the first time, the VK247 genotype was detected predominantly in single infections in an area of the State of Pará, which may suggest a greater circulation of the genotype in the region

New Insights into the Mechanism of Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury in Yellow Fever: The Role of Immunopathological and Endothelial Alterations in the Human Lung Parenchyma

Yellow fever (YF) may cause lesions in different organs. There are no studies regarding the in situ immune response in the human lung and investigating immunopathological aspects in fatal cases can help to better understand the evolution of the infection. Lung tissue samples were collected from 10 fatal cases of human yellow fever and three flavivirus-negative controls who died of other causes and whose lung parenchymal architecture was preserved. In YFV-positive fatal cases, the main histopathological changes included the massive presence of diffuse alveolar inflammatory infiltrate, in addition to congestion and severe hemorrhage. The immunohistochemical analysis of tissues in the lung parenchyma showed significantly higher expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in addition to cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TNF- α, IFN-γ and TGF-β compared to the negative control. The increase in immunoglobulins ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 results in strengthening of tissue transmigration signaling. E-selectin and P-selectin actively participate in this process of cell migration and formation of the inflammatory infiltrate. IFN-γ and TNF-α participate in the process of cell injury and viral clearance. The cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β, acting in synergism, participate in the process of tissue regeneration and breakdown. The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 also act in the reduction of inflammation and tissue repair. Our study indicates that the activation of the endothelium aggravates the inflammatory response by inducing the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines that contribute to the rolling, recruitment, migration and eliciting of the inflammatory process in the lung parenchyma, contributing to the fatal outcome of the disease