A Progressão Geométrica presente nos Fractais: Uma proposta de ensino por meio da Modelagem Matemática

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta para o ensino de progressões geométricas usando os fractais presentes na natureza. A ideia surgiu a partir de experiências vivenciadas durante o período de regência em atividades de estágio, através de oficinas para turmas do ensino médio integrado do Instituto Federal da Bahia - Campus Salvador. Pesquisas apontam dificuldades dos estudantes do ensino médio na generalização dos padrões a partir da observação e reforçam que o docente deve pensar em alternativas para reverter isso em sala de aula. O uso das árvores  fractais  podem constituir uma excelente motivação para trabalhar o reconhecimento de padrões geométricos estimulando e utilizando meios lúdicos e criativos em sala de aula. Pensando nisso, foi elaborada uma proposta de ensino das progressões geométricas por meio de uma modelagem que parte da observação de fractais presentes na natureza. A proposta segue etapas de modelagem matemática sucessivas  de interação, matematização e modelo matemático, estabelecidas por Biembengut [1]. A partir da proposta criada conclui-se que além de potencializar o ensino de progressões geométricas trazendo uma outra problemática voltada à realidade, os fractais dão um significado ao ensino de progressões geométricas.This work aims to present a proposal for teaching source code progressions using fractals present in nature. The idea arose from experiences during the period of regency in internship activities, through workshops for integrated high school classes at the Federal Institute of Bahia - Campus Salvador. Research points to the difficulties of high school students in generalizing patterns based on observation and reinforces that teachers should think of alternatives to revert this in the classroom. The use of fractals in the classroom leads the student to arouse curiosity, develop creativity and increase playfulness. With that in mind, a teaching proposal for the interpretation of progressions was developed through modeling that starts from the observation of fractals present in nature. The proposal follows the successive mathematical modeling steps of interaction, mathematization and mathematical model, protected by Biembengut [1]. From the proposal created, it is concluded that in addition to enhancing the teaching of grain progressions, bringing another problematic thought to reality, fractals give meaning to the teaching of grain progressions

Discrimination and surveillance of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 in wastewater using cell culture and RT-qPCR

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA has been extensively detected in raw wastewater in studies exploring wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for early warning purposes. Nonetheless, only a few limited studies investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in treated wastewaters to determine the potential health risks across the water cycle. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been done mostly by RT-qPCR and ddPCR, which only provides information on the presence of nucleic acids rather than information on potential infectivity. In this study, we set to develop and evaluate the use of viability RT-qPCR for the selective discrimination and surveillance of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in secondary-treated wastewater. Enzymatic (nuclease) and viability dye (Reagent D) pretreatments were applied to infer infectivity through RT-qPCR using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a CoV surrogate. Infectivity tests were first performed on PEDV purified RNA, then on infectious and heat-inactivated PEDV, and finally on heat inactivated PEDV spiked in concentrated secondary-treated wastewater. The two viability RT-qPCR methods were then applied to 27 secondary-treated wastewater samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the outlet of five large urban wastewater treatment plants in Portugal. Reagent D pretreatment showed similar behavior to cell culture for heat-inactivated PEDV and both viability RT-qPCR methods performed comparably to VERO E6 cell culture for SARS-CoV-2 present in secondary-treated wastewater, eliminating completely the RT-qPCR signal. Our study demonstrated the lack of infectious SARS-CoV-2 viral particles on secondary-treated wastewater through the application of two pretreatment methods for the rapid inference of infectivity through RT-qPCR, showing their potential application in environmental screening. This study addressed a knowledge gap on the public health risks of SARS-CoV-2 across the water cycle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A wastewater-based epidemiology tool for COVID-19 surveillance in Portugal

Funding: Strategic funding of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, to cE3c and BioISI Research Units ( UIDB/00329/2020 and UIDB/04046/2020 ] is also gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by Programa Operacional de Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) (FEDER component), Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa , and Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (Project COVIDETECT, ref. 048467 ).The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater produced interest in its use for sentinel surveillance at a community level and as a complementary approach to syndromic surveillance. With this work, we set the foundations for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) in Portugal by monitoring the trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA circulation in the community, on a nationwide perspective during different epidemiological phases of the pandemic. The Charité assays (E_Sarbecco, RdRP, and N_Sarbecco) were applied to monitor, over 32-weeks (April to December 2020), the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the inlet of five wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which together serve more than two million people in Portugal. Raw wastewater from three Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reference hospitals was also analyzed during this period. In total, more than 600 samples were tested. For the first weeks, detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was sporadic, with concentrations varying from 103 to 105 genome copies per liter (GC/L). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA increased steeply by the end of May into late June, mainly in Lisboa e Vale do Tejo region (LVT), during the reopening phase. After the summer, with the reopening of schools in mid-September and return to partial face-to-face work, a pronounced increase of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater was detected. In the LVT area, SARS-CoV-2 RNA load agreed with reported trends in hotspots of infection. Synchrony between trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw wastewater and daily new COVID-19 cases highlights the value of WBE as a surveillance tool, particularly after the phasing out of the epidemiological curve and when hotspots of disease re-emerge in the population which might be difficult to spot based solely on syndromic surveillance and contact tracing. This is the first study crossing several epidemiological stages highlighting the long-term use of WBE for SARS-CoV-2.PostprintPeer reviewe

Influência do selênio orgânico na resposta imune humoral antirrábica de ovelhas

The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of mineral supplementation with organic selenium (Se) on rabies humoral immune response in ewes. It was randomly selected 18 Texel ewes without antirabic vaccination in the last 12 months and divided into 2 groups: treated group (TG) supplemented with a mineral mixture additioned of organic selenium and immunized against rabies and a control group (CG) supplemented with mineral mixture without organic selenium addition and immunized. Determination of Se serum was obtained by the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in two moments, the title and the persistence of anti-rabies neutralizing antibodies in five times by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). The mean values found in D210 GSH-Px were higher in TG with 981.8 ± 105.2 U/g Hb and 628.2 ± 188.2 U/g Hb in the CG (p-value < 0.001). The mean values of titers of anti-rabies neutralizing antibodies 30 days after primary vaccination, demonstrated statistically similar titles in the GT and GC, 1,020 IU/ mL in GT and 1,885 IU/ mL CG. Oral mineral supplementation of organic selenium during 210 days did not enhance the humoral immune response and persistence of evidence of rabies neutralizing antibodies, however caused increased serum retention of selenium in ewes.O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia da suplementação mineral com selênio (Se) orgânico na resposta imune humoral antirrábica em ovinos. Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 18 ovelhas da raça Texel sem vacinação antirrábica nos últimos 12 meses e divididas em 2 grupos: grupo tratado (GT) suplementado com mistura mineral adicionada de selênio orgânico e vacinados contra raiva e grupo controle (GC) suplementado com a mistura mineral sem adição de selênio orgânico e vacinados. A determinação de Se sérico foi obtida através da atividade da enzima glutationaperoxidase (GSH-Px) em dois momentos, e a persistência do título de anticorpos neutralizantes anti-rábicos em cinco momentos pelo Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Os valores médios encontrados no D210 de GSH-Px foram superiores no grupo GT com 981,8±105,2 U/g Hb e de 628,2±188,2 U/g Hb no GC (valor de p<0,001). Os valores médios encontrados de títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes anti-rábicos 30 dias após a primovacinação, demonstraram títulos similares estatisticamente no GT e GC, 1.020 UI/mL no GT e de 1.885 UI/mL no GC. A suplementação mineral oral de selênio orgânico durante 210 dias não incrementou a resposta imune humoral e a persistência do título de anticorpos neutralizantes antirrábicos, entretanto promoveu aumento da retenção sérica de selênio em ovelhas

Artistas sobre outras Obras

Propõe-se neste número uma estética da materialidade, em cada um dos quinze artigos aqui reunidos. Há nas propostas artísticas a expansão estética que se alarga com tranquilidade a partir da materialidade das obras de arte. As matérias suportam a arte, o seu pensamento, a sua estética. A relação com o público está em permanente adiamento e, ao mesmo tempo, renovação. As matérias, enunciadas pelos artistas, suportam o seu próprio resgate, na possibilidade de uma relação. O espectador, o novo curador, segue em construção no processo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt