Los itinerarios didácticos en el panorama científico español

Introduction: In this article we carry out a state of the question on the works published in Spain from the last decades of the 20th century to the present on the didactic itinerary as a methodological strategy, in order to verify which has been the approach used by teachers and researchers to over time and how it has changed to adapt to the needs and concerns of today's society. Method: We have based ourselves on the main bibliographic compilation databases in order to order the different contributions on the subject under study chronologically and thematically. Results: We have been able to verify how the use of the didactic itinerary has enjoyed a long history in our country that can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century; It has been used by teachers in a wide range of disciplines, among which Geography, Geology and Botany stand out, on the one hand, and History, Art History, and Heritage Education -in recent years- on the other, although the approaches and resources associated with said strategy have varied over time, for example, incorporating concerns related to environmental education -in the case of its use in Natural Sciences-, or with digital tools -in the case of the Social Sciences. Conclusions: The continuity in the use of this methodological strategy has been revealed. Despite its long history and the maintenance of certain trends, an evolution is verified not only in terms of the subjects addressed, but also in regard to the incorporation of new issues and problems of great importance in today's society, as well as to the didactic resources used, according to the needs and concerns of the present.Introducción: En este artículo realizamos un estado de la cuestión sobre los trabajos publicados en España desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX hasta la actualidad sobre el itinerario didáctico. Con ello pretendemos averiguar cuál ha sido el enfoque utilizado por docentes e investigadores y cómo éste ha ido variando para adaptarse a las necesidades e inquietudes de cada momento.  Método: Análisis del repositorio bibliográfico de Dialnet; selección de obras más relevantes para nuestra investigación desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad; ordenación cronológica y temática de las diferentes aportaciones sobre el tema objeto de estudio; establecimiento de líneas generales o tendencias en el empleo de los itinerarios didácticos a lo largo del periodo estudiado. Resultados: Hemos podido comprobar cómo el empleo del itinerario didáctico ha gozado de una larga trayectoria en nuestro país que puede remontarse a los inicios del siglo XX; ha sido empleado por los docentes en un amplio abanico de disciplinas, entre las que destacan la Geografía, la Geología y la Botánica, por una parte, y la Historia, Historia del Arte y Educación Patrimonial por otra. No obstante, los enfoques y recursos asociados a dicha estrategia han ido variando a lo largo del tiempo, por ejemplo, incorporando inquietudes relacionadas con la educación ambiental -en el caso de su empleo en las Ciencias de la Naturaleza-, o con las herramientas digitales -en el caso de las Ciencias Sociales-. Conclusiones: Se ha puesto de manifiesto la continuidad en el empleo de esta estrategia metodológica. A pesar de su larga trayectoria y del mantenimiento de determinadas tendencias, se comprueba una evolución no solo en cuanto a las materias abordadas, sino también en lo que atañe a la incorporación de nuevas cuestiones y problemáticas de gran calado en la sociedad actual, así como a los recursos didácticos empleados (TIC), acordes con las necesidades e inquietudes del presente.&nbsp

Didactic itineraries in the Spanish scientific scene

Introducción: En este artículo realizamos un estado de la cuestión sobre los trabajos publicados en España desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX hasta la actualidad sobre el itinerario didáctico. Con ello pretendemos averiguar cuál ha sido el enfoque utilizado por docentes e investigadores y cómo éste ha ido variando para adaptarse a las necesidades e inquietudes de cada momento. Método: Análisis del repositorio bibliográfico de Dialnet; selección de obras más relevantes para nuestra investigación desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad; ordenación cronológica y temática de las diferentes aportaciones sobre el tema objeto de estudio; establecimiento de líneas generales o tendencias en el empleo de los itinerarios didácticos a lo largo del periodo estudiado. Resultados: Hemos podido comprobar cómo el empleo del itinerario didáctico ha gozado de una larga trayectoria en nuestro país que puede remontarse a los inicios del siglo XX; ha sido empleado por los docentes en un amplio abanico de disciplinas, entre las que destacan la Geografía, la Geología y la Botánica, por una parte, y la Historia, Historia del Arte y Educación Patrimonial por otra. No obstante, los enfoques y recursos asociados a dicha estrategia han ido variando a lo largo del tiempo, por ejemplo, incorporando inquietudes relacionadas con la educación ambiental -en el caso de su empleo en las Ciencias de la Naturaleza-, o con las herramientas digitales -en el caso de las Ciencias Sociales-. Conclusiones: Se ha puesto de manifiesto la continuidad en el empleo de esta estrategia metodológica. A pesar de su larga trayectoria y del mantenimiento de determinadas tendencias, se comprueba una evolución no solo en cuanto a las materias abordadas, sino también en lo que atañe a la incorporación de nuevas cuestiones y problemáticas de gran calado en la sociedad actual, así como a los recursos didácticos empleados (TIC), acordes con las necesidades e inquietudes del presente.Introduction: In this article we carry out a state of the question on the works published in Spain from the last decades of the 20th century to the present on the didactic itinerary as a methodological strategy, in order to verify which has been the approach used by teachers and researchers to over time and how it has changed to adapt to the needs and concerns of today's society. Method: We have based ourselves on the main bibliographic compilation databases in order to order the different contributions on the subject under study chronologically and thematically. Results: We have been able to verify how the use of the didactic itinerary has enjoyed a long history in our country that can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century; It has been used by teachers in a wide range of disciplines, among which Geography, Geology and Botany stand out, on the one hand, and History, Art History, and Heritage Education -in recent years- on the other, although the approaches and resources associated with said strategy have varied over time, for example, incorporating concerns related to environmental education -in the case of its use in Natural Sciences-, or with digital tools -in the case of the Social Sciences. Conclusions: The continuity in the use of this methodological strategy has been revealed. Despite its long history and the maintenance of certain trends, an evolution is verified not only in terms of the subjects addressed, but also in regard to the incorporation of new issues and problems of great importance in today's society, as well as to the didactic resources used, according to the needs and concerns of the present

Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Although the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is largely unknown, it is accepted that OCD is a complex disorder. There is a known bi-directional interaction between the gut microbiome and brain activity. Several authors have reported associations between changes in gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression or autism. Furthermore, a pediatric-onset neuropsychiatric OCD-related syndrome occurs after streptococcal infection, which might indicate that exposure to certain microbes could be involved in OCD susceptibility. However, only one study has investigated the microbiome of OCD patients to date. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing to analyze the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome composition of 32 OCD cases and 32 age and gender matched controls. We estimated different α- and β-diversity measures and performed LEfSe and Wilcoxon tests to assess differences in bacterial distribution. OCD stool samples showed a trend towards lower bacterial α-diversity, as well as an increase of the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, particularly of the genus Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, and two genera within the Lachnospiraceae: Agathobacer and Coprococcus. However, we did not observe a different Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio between OCD cases and controls. Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiome composition showed a lower Fusobacteria to Actinobacteria ratio in OCD cases. In conclusion, we observed an imbalance in the gut and oropharyngeal microbiomes of OCD cases, including, in stool, an increase of bacteria from the Rikenellaceae family, associated with gut inflammation, and a decrease of bacteria from the Coprococcus genus, associated with DOPAC synthesis

Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus: preliminary study

[Abstract] Objectives: Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) genes are crucial in lipid biosynthesis and cardiovascular homeostasis. Their expression in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and their influence in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus remain to be determined. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of SREBP genes in EAT in patients with CAD according to diabetes status and its association with clinical and biochemical data. Methods: SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 mRNA expression levels were measured in EAT from 49 patients with CAD (26 with diabetes) and 23 controls without CAD or diabetes. Results: Both SREBPs mRNA expression were significantly higher in patients with CAD and diabetes (p<0.001) and were identified as independent cardiovascular risk factor for coronary artery disease in patients with type-2 diabetes (SREBP-1: OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.5, p=0.02; SREBP-2: OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.2-3, p=0.02) and were independently associated with the presence of multivessel CAD, left main and anterior descending artery stenosis, and higher total and LDL cholesterol levels, and lower HDL cholesterol levels, in patients with CAD and diabetes. Conclusions: SREBP genes are expressed in EAT and were higher in CAD patients with diabetes than those patients without CAD or diabetes. SREBP expression was associated as cardiovascular risk factor for the severity of CAD and the poor lipid control. In this preliminary study we suggest the importance of EAT in the lipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis for coronary atherosclerosis of patients with diabetes and highlight a future novel therapeutic target.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI13/02542Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI11/01661Red de Investigación Cardiovascular; RD12/0042/003

CMEs and SEPs During November-December 2020: A Challenge for Real-Time Space Weather Forecasting

Predictions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are a central issue in space weather forecasting. In recent years, interest in space weather predictions has expanded to include impacts at other planets beyond Earth as well as spacecraft scattered throughout the heliosphere. In this sense, the scope of space weather science now encompasses the whole heliospheric system, and multipoint measurements of solar transients can provide useful insights and validations for prediction models. In this work, we aim to analyze the whole inner heliospheric context between two eruptive flares that took place in late 2020, that is, the M4.4 flare of 29 November and the C7.4 flare of 7 December. This period is especially interesting because the STEREO-A spacecraft was located similar to ~60 degrees east of the Sun-Earth line, giving us the opportunity to test the capabilities of "predictions at 360 degrees" using remote-sensing observations from the Lagrange L1 and L5 points as input. We simulate the CMEs that were ejected during our period of interest and the SEPs accelerated by their shocks using the WSA-Enlil-SEPMOD modeling chain and four sets of input parameters, forming a "mini-ensemble." We validate our results using in situ observations at six locations, including Earth and Mars. We find that, despite some limitations arising from the models' architecture and assumptions, CMEs and shock-accelerated SEPs can be reasonably studied and forecast in real time at least out to several tens of degrees away from the eruption site using the prediction tools employed here.</p

Tándem : didáctica de la educación física

Resumen tomado del autor. Monográfico con el título: Ambientes saludablesPretende dar una orientación educativa mediante la realización de un pasaje del terror, como actividad extraescolar y complementaria relacionada con el bloque de contenidos de expresión corporal en educación física. Esta actividad se realizó gracias a los diferentes recursos que nos brinda el propio centro de enseñanza, tanto en infraestructuras y materiales como en recursos humanos, implicando a todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa. El objetivo principal es conseguir un ambiente terroríficamente saludable para potenciar el desarrollo de factores sociales, psicológicos y emocionales, así como cognitivos.CataluñaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Congenital Heart Disease: The State-of-the-Art on Its Pharmacological Therapeutics

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common causes of death derived from malformations. Historically, its treatment has depended on timely diagnosis and early pharmacological and surgical interventions. Survival rates for patients with this disease have increased, primarily due to advancements in therapeutic choices, but mortality remains high. Since this disease is a time-sensitive pathology, pharmacological interventions are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Therefore, we analyzed the applications, dosage, and side effects of drugs currently used for treating congenital heart disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics have shown a mortality benefit in most patients. Other therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, prostaglandins, and soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulators, have benefited patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Likewise, the adjunctive symptomatic treatment of these patients has further improved the outcomes, since antiarrhythmics, digoxin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown their benefits in these cases. Conclusively, these drugs also carry the risk of troublesome adverse effects, such as electrolyte imbalances and hemodynamic compromise. However, their benefits for survival, symptom improvement, and stabilization outweigh the possible complications from their use. Thus, cases must be assessed individually to accurately identify interventions that would be most beneficial for patients

Aula de innovación educativa

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico de la revista dedicado a ambientes saludablesA modo de actividad extraescolar, incluida en la programación del área de educación física y relacionada con el bloque de contenidos de expresión corporal, se presenta la organización y puesta en marcha de un pasaje de terror, cuya finalidad reside en la creación de un ambiente saludable, donde se pretende tanto el desarrollo de factores psicológicos y emocionales como cognitivos. .CataluñaConsejería de Educación, Ciencia e Investigación. Biblioteca; Avda. de la Fama, 15; 30006 Murcia; Tel. +34968279685; Fax +34968279835; [email protected]

Complement mutations in Diacylglycerol Kinase-E-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

32 p.-4 tab-3 fig.-2 tab. suppl.Background and objectives Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by vascular endothelial damage caused by complement dysregulation. Consistently, complement inhibition therapies are highly effective in most patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Recently, it was shown that a significant percentage of patients with early-onset atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome carry mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-«, an intracellular protein with no obvious role in complement. These data support an alternative, complement-independent mechanism leading to thrombotic microangiopathy that has implications for treatment of early-onset atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. To get additional insights into this new form of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, the diacylglycerol kinase-« gene in a cohort with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome was analyzed. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Eighty-three patients with early-onset atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (,2 years) enrolled in the Spanish atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome registry between 1999 and 2013 were screened for mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-«. These patients were also fully characterized for mutations in the genes encoding factor H, membrane cofactor protein, factor I, C3, factor B, and thrombomodulin CFHRs copy number variations and rearrangements, and antifactor H antibodies. Results Four patients carried mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-«, one p.H536Qfs*16 homozygote and three compound heterozygotes (p.W322*/p.P498R, two patients; p.Q248H/p.G484Gfs*10, one patient). Three patients also carried heterozygous mutations in thrombomodulin or C3. Extensive plasma infusions controlled atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome recurrences and prevented renal failure in the two patients with diacylglycerol kinase-« and thrombomodulin mutations. A positive response to plasma infusions and complement inhibition treatment was also observed in the patient with concurrent diacylglycerol kinase-« and C3 mutations. Conclusions Data suggest that complement dysregulation influences the onset and disease severity in carriers of diacylglycerol kinase-« mutations and that treatments on the basis of plasma infusions and complement inhibition are potentially useful in patients with combined diacylglycerol kinase-« and complement mutations. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic component predisposing to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is, therefore, critical to guide an effective treatment.Work in this report was funded by Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” Grants SAF2011-26583, PS09/00122 (to M.L.T.), SAF2012-38636 (to M.L.T.), and PI1200597 (to P.S.-C.) and Fundación Renal Inigo Alvarez de Toledo and Seventh Framework ~Programme European Union Project EURenOmics Grant 305608 (to S.R.d.C.). In addition, this work was supported by Autonomous Region of Madrid Grant S2010/BMD-2316 (to M.L.T., P.S.-C., and S.R.d.C.).Peer reviewe

“Sacbe”, a Comprehensive Intervention to Decrease Body Mass Index in Children with Adiposity: A Pilot Study

Interventions in children with adiposity decrease less than 0.2 the body mass index (BMI) z-score less than 0.2 and only in 21&ndash;23% of cases. Experts recommend focusing on the habits of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) but considering the sociocultural context of children and their parents. Our objective was to achieve a higher percentage of success in lowering the BMI z-score in children with adiposity and their parents through a pilot program &ldquo;Sacbe&rdquo; based on HLS, sensitive to the sociocultural context previously explored and with the active participation of parents. This is a pilot study in children aged 8 to 18 years with adiposity according to the BMI z-score. The program consisted of two workshops on HLS and nutrition given by the pediatric endocrinologist in group sessions with 3&ndash;5 families and reinforcements in each visit by registered dietitians. We recorded lifestyle habits and anthropometric characteristics of children and their parents at the baseline visit and every month for 3&ndash;4 months. Forty-nine families, 55 children and 64 parents participated, 60% of the children were female, the average age was 13.95 &plusmn; 3.3 years, 72.7% and 86.7% lowered the z score of the BMI due to intention to treat and protocol analysis (p &lt; 0.001), respectively; BMI z-score decreased by 0.22 &plusmn; 0.21, from 2.13 &plusmn; 0.57 to 1.91 &plusmn; 0.58 (p &lt; 0.001). In total, 83% of the parents involved were mothers, the average age was 45.8 &plusmn; 9.4 years, 77% lost weight and body fat (p &lt; 0.001), the frequency of unhealthy habits decreased. The results of &ldquo;Sacbe&rdquo; exceeded expectations by combining the active participation of parents, sessions in groups, and the education on various components of an HLS inside sociocultural context. The main challenge will be to standardize and reproduce this type of complex interventions, as well as to assure long-term success