1,050 research outputs found

    The history and creation of the Agenda 2030: Designing the sustainable development goals.

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    This article analyzes and studies the history and background of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Firstly, a historical journey has been made to understand the evolution and development of education up to the arrival of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development action plan. In this way, a timeline was presented that reflects the path taken by the United Nations and the international community to arrive at To reach this new international framework. In this line, the post-2015 agenda, conferences, summits and international decades have been examined, as they were decisive events for the adoption of the SDGs. A official UN documents and programmes were analysed, demonstrating the enormous volume of documentation that has been published on the subject. There is no better way to understand the international interest generated by the proposed topic than to read the "Preamble1" of Resolution A/RES/70/1, 25September 2015, Transforming our world: the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this document you can find the new proposal for a better and higher quality future for all people on the planet.pre-print281 K

    Coupled-oscillator model to analyze the interaction between a quartz resonator and trapped ions

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    The novel application of a piezoelectric quartz resonator for the detection of trapped ions has enabled the observation of the quartz-ions interaction under nonequilibrium conditions, opening new perspectives for high-sensitive motional frequency measurements of radioactive particles. Energized quartz crystals have (long) decay-time constants in the order of milliseconds, permitting the coherent detection of charged particles within short time scales. In this paper we develop a detailed model governing the interaction between trapped 40Ca+ ions and a quartz resonator connected to a low-noise amplifier. We apply this model to experimental data and extract the ions’ reduced-cyclotron frequency in our 7-T Penning trap setup. We also obtain an upper limit for the coupling constant g with the present quartz-amplifier-trap (QAT) configuration. The study of the reduced-cyclotron frequency is especially important for the use of this resonator in precision Penning-trap mass spectrometry. The improvement in sensitivity can be accomplished by increasing the quality factor of the QAT configuration, which in turn will improve the performance of the system towards the strong-coupling regim

    3D printed telescopes: an interesting tool for teaching Astronomy, Science and Technology

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    3D printing technologies experienced a huge evolution both in techniques and applications since its invention in the early 1980s. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) was the first term used to describe an additive manufacturing technique and from that point on, many different ways of 3D printing have been developed to fulfil a variety of needs. Nowadays, 3D printing has become more accessible to the general public because of the big drop in prices caused by the big technical developments. As a result of that, a community of “makers” has been taking shape internationally making access to designs and advice easier. 3D printing is without a doubt one of the key developments of the last decades and covers from highly technical research fields (like medicine-related investigations) to individual makers or even educational programs to encourage young people to create. As a result of that, it can be seen daily that the so-called 3D printing has gained a big amount of fame between fabrication processes for its accessibility and ease of use, it only takes a computer, a 3D printer and time. On behalf of that, an idea for a final degree thesis was proposed: designing and printing using fused deposition modelling a telescope for astronomical and educational purposes. The main goal of the project is to, first check the capabilities of the 3D printing technology to build telescopes for amateur astronomers, comparing its performance with the current commercial products, and secondly, to develop a set of educational resources that permit the easy construction of low-cost custom instruments for the teaching and diffusion of Astronomy and Space Science. The set of resources derived from this project will be an interesting tool for Astronomy beginners, Engineering and Science students, teachers, and makers. In this work, we summarise the current status of the project and the results obtained with the first built prototype, as well as the design and choices made to fulfil our needs in a practical and feasible way. Last but not least, a list of possible educational activities to be carried out with the developed resources will be exposed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Dimensionamiento de la plantilla de la Compañía de Servicios en un Batallón de Infantería de Carros de Combate

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    Las Compañías de Servicios de los Batallones de Carros de Combate del Ejército de Tierra, según los indicadores de operatividad del Sistema Integrado de Gestión Logística del Ejército (SIGLE) y del Sistema de Planeamiento del Mantenimiento (SIPLAMA), están teniendo problemas a la hora de realizar las funciones logísticas de abastecimiento, mantenimiento y sanidad. El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es plantear una propuesta de mejora del personal y del material que componen la Compañía de Servicios de un Batallón de Infantería de Carros de Combate con la finalidad de mejorar esos indicadores. Mediante la aplicación de ciertas herramientas metodológicas, se trata de dotar a la Unidad de los medios suficientes y necesarios para el cumplimiento de su misión pero sin llegar a sobredimensionarla. Para ello se emplearan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas destacando la «Herramienta de Cálculos Logísticos», desarrollada en la Academia de Logística del Ejército de Tierra, y muy empleada en los cursos superiores de Logística, Material e Infraestructuras que realizan los Comandantes del Ejército de Tierra. Esta aplicación genera la estructura, el material y el personal de una Unidad militar permitiendo hacer modificaciones sobre la misma. Además se emplearán métodos de decisión multicriterio Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades (DAFO), gráficos de Pareto, grupos de expertos y entrevistas semiestructuradas a personal militar de varias unidades. Finalmente se obtendría una propuesta de Compañía de Servicios para que pueda ser aceptada en los Batallones de Carros de Combate si el mando lo estimara oportuno.<br /

    Variability of Omega-3/6 Fatty Acid Obtained Through Extraction-Transesterification Processes from Phaeodactylum tricornutum

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    The effect of direct transesterification methods on the omega-3/6 composition of extracts from Phaeodactylum tricornutum was studied. The aim of this work was to identify an extraction method which allowed to obtain the most suitable profile of fatty acids in terms of its potential benefits to health, particularly if further used in the food industry. Seven methods using acids, alkalis, and heterogeneous-catalysts, (namely methods from 1 to 7, abbreviated as M1-M7) were performed to determine α-linolenic (ALA), linoleic (LA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. The composition of fatty acids was in all cases characterized by the major abundance of palmitic (23.95–34.08%), palmitoleic (30.94–35.56%), oleic acids (3.00–7.41%), and EPA (0.5–6.45%). Unsaturated fatty acids extraction yield was higher with a two-step transesterification process (M6, 63.65%). The total fatty acid methyl ester content (FAME) obtained with acid-transesterification (M1) reached about 21% wt, and 60% w/w total lipids. ALA higher relative content (ALA/LA ratio) was obtained when a lipid pre-extraction step was performed prior to acid-catalysis (M4). The transesterification method based on alkali-catalyst (M3, KOH catalyst) led to obtain higher DHA relative contents (DHA/EPA ratio up to 0.11), although its FAME content was 3.75-fold lower than that obtained with acid-transesterification (M1). Overall, this study shows that direct transesterification with alkali-catalyst (M3) improves the determination of PUFA content from the diatom through a more efficient transesterification-based extraction process, and thus allow to assess the value of the biomass more accurately for application in the food industry

    A Clustering-Based Hybrid Support Vector Regression Model to Predict Container Volume at Seaport Sanitary Facilities

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    An accurate prediction of freight volume at the sanitary facilities of seaports is a key factor to improve planning operations and resource allocation. This study proposes a hybrid approach to forecast container volume at the sanitary facilities of a seaport. The methodology consists of a three-step procedure, combining the strengths of linear and non-linear models and the capability of a clustering technique. First, a self-organizing map (SOM) is used to decompose the time series into smaller clusters easier to predict. Second, a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA) model is applied in each cluster in order to obtain predicted values and residuals of each cluster. These values are finally used as inputs of a support vector regression (SVR) model together with the historical data of the cluster. The final prediction result integrates the prediction results of each cluster. The experimental results showed that the proposed model provided accurate prediction results and outperforms the rest of the models tested. The proposed model can be used as an automatic decision-making tool by seaport management due to its capacity to plan resources in advance, avoiding congestion and time delays

    Estimación de la calidad de servicio del sistema trolebús de la Ciudad de México: una perspectiva del usuario

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    Después de realizar el análisis de los resultados de la estimación de los modelos se observó que los factores cualitativo FC y CS tienen mayor peso en la función de utilidad, es decir, que al realizar una modificación en estos factores se tendrá un impacto más significativo en la calidad de servicio que percibe el usuario, lo cual contrasta con las políticas de las empresas las cuales buscan mejorar los factores cuantitativos como lo son TV y TR. A manera de recomendación a la empresa STECDMX, ésta debe atender los factores cualitativos, como FC ya que al ser mejorados tendrían un impacto de una y media veces más grandes que el factor condiciones de los asientos, cinco veces más grande que el factor precio del boleto y veintitrés veces más grande que el factor tiempo de viaje,El aumento de la población en la Ciudad de México (CDMX) ha contribuido al desarrollo de múltiples problemáticas las cuales tienen un impacto cada vez más importante en la sociedad y en el medio ambiente, uno de los principales problemas que enfrenta actualmente la CDMX es la movilidad dentro de la misma, el aumento poblacional desemboca en un crecimiento desordenado de la mancha urbana y en el aumento del número de viajes que se realizan debido a la ubicación de las fuentes de trabajo, en los últimos años se ha observado que el desarrollo de las vías de comunicación ha surgido como posible medida de mitigación a dicha problemática, la cual ha demostrado no ser una solución adecuada ya que se tiene registro que en el año 2015 existían en circulación más de 5 millones de automóviles particulares los cuales atendían el 38% del total de viajes que se realizaban en la CDMX, mientras que el transporte público atendía el 68% del total de viajes que se realizaban en la CDMX, se observó una tendencia negativa con una reducción anual del 4% en la participación del transporte público y un aumento en la participación del automóvil particular, dicho aumento es provocado por las características que conforman los servicios de transporte público, aunado a la creciente necesidad de los habitantes de la ciudad por ahorra en sus tiempos de traslado, lo que también ha resultado en una disminución de la velocidad promedio en la CDMX de 38.5 km/h a sólo 17 km/h (Gutiérrez, 2015) a consecuencia de esto se ha experimentado un aumento en la cogestión de la vialidades y las emisiones contaminante

    Artificial Neural Networks, Sequence-to-Sequence LSTMs, and Exogenous Variables as Analytical Tools for NO2 (Air Pollution) Forecasting: A Case Study in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)

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    This study aims to produce accurate predictions of the NO2 concentrations at a specific station of a monitoring network located in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) were used to create the forecasting models. Additionally, a new prediction method was proposed combining LSTMs using a rolling window scheme with a cross-validation procedure for time series (LSTM-CVT). Two different strategies were followed regarding the input variables: using NO2 from the station or employing NO2 and other pollutants data from any station of the network plus meteorological variables. The ANN and LSTM-CVT exogenous models used lagged datasets of different window sizes. Several feature ranking methods were used to select the top lagged variables and include them in the final exogenous datasets. Prediction horizons of t + 1, t + 4 and t + 8 were employed. The exogenous variables inclusion enhanced the model's performance, especially for t + 4 (rho approximate to 0.68 to rho approximate to 0.74) and t + 8 (rho approximate to 0.59 to rho approximate to 0.66). The proposed LSTM-CVT method delivered promising results as the best performing models per prediction horizon employed this new methodology. Additionally, per each parameter combination, it obtained lower error values than ANNs in 85% of the cases

    Condicionantes situacionales y del juego en goles marcados con portero-jugador de futsal

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    El propósito de este estudio fue analizar los goles marcados con portero-jugador, y establecer un perfil de eficacia en función de las variables del juego y situacionales. Se analizó mediante el software Astrofutsal ® una muestra de 582 goles de 11.446 situaciones de portero-jugador correspondientes a 1200 partidos de la Liga Nacional de Futbol Sala profesional durante las temporadas 2010 a 2015. El impacto de las variables situacionales (calidad de la oposición, match status y localización de partido) y del juego (zona de gol, tipo de lanzamiento, número de pases y número de jugadores) como predictores del gol se analizaron mediante análisis clúster bietápico. Los resultados reflejaron, a nivel situacional, la mayor importancia de tener al menos el mismo nivel que el oponente, actuando tanto de local como visitante, cuando se trata de conseguir gol y remontar un marcador adverso con portero-jugador, y, a nivel de juego, la importancia de realizar ataques cortos (1-10 pases) que finalizan en área (gol de precisión) o mediante lanzamiento exterior (gol sorpresa), como patrones característicos de gol con portero-jugador. Las tendencias identificadas pueden ayudar a los entrenadores a diseñar un escenario de superioridad numérica más acorde y productiv

    Transcytosis of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles through an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell model

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    Bacterial EVs have been related to inter-kingdom communication between probiotic/pathogenic bacteria and their hosts. Our aim was to investigate the transcytosis process of B. subtilis EVs using an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell model. In this study, using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, we report that uptake and internalization of CFSE-labeled B. subtilis EVs (115 nm ± 27 nm) by Caco-2 cells are time-dependent. To study the transcytosis process we used a transwell system and EVs were quantified in the lower chamber by Fluorescence and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis measurements. Intact EVs are transported across a polarized cell monolayer at 60–120 min and increased after 240 min with an estimated average uptake efficiency of 30% and this process is dose-dependent. EVs movement into intestinal epithelial cells was mainly through Z axis and scarcely on X and Y axis. This work demonstrates that EVs could be transported across the gastrointestinal epithelium. We speculate this mechanism could be the first step allowing EVs to reach the bloodstream for further delivery up to extraintestinal tissues and organs. The expression and further encapsulation of bioactive molecules into natural nanoparticles produced by probiotic bacteria could have practical implications in food, nutraceuticals and clinical therapies.Fil: Domínguez Rubio, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, María Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Palavecino Ruiz, Marcos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez López, Christian Miquel. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Marcilla, Antonio. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Perez, Oscar Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Piuri, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin
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