Diversity of understudied archaeal and bacterial populations of Yellowstone National Park: from genes to genomes

Yellowstone National Park (YNP) thermal springs have been a crucial resource for the discovery and characterization of microbial biodiversity. The use of cultivation-independent methods has documented many new phyla of uncultured Archaea and Bacteria within thermal springs. Here, I describe the phylogenetic diversity and distribution of Archaea within the YNP thermal spring ecosystem and the phylogenetic and physiologic characterization of novel, uncultured hyperthermophilic bacterial lineages from metagenomic data. In chapter two, I evaluated the efficacy of commonly used, \u27universal\u27 archaeal-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR primers in detecting archaeal phylogenetic diversity. In chapter three, using the PCR primers that would provide the best representation of archaeal communities, I used high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing to analyze the phylogenetic diversity and distribution of Archaea and Bacteria among 33 YNP springs. The results indicated that Archaea were ubiquitously distributed across YNP springs and exhibited significant taxonomic diversity across springs but were overall less phylogenetically diverse in the YNP system than Bacteria. pH, followed by temperature primarily explained the distribution of both archaeal and bacterial taxonomic distribution. Co-occurence analysis suggested a substantial number of putative interactions across the YNP system between and within domains. The results from these two chapters provide the largest survey of Archaea in any thermal system to date and contribute to our understanding of their phylogenetic diversity and ecology in such systems. In Chapter 4, I report the phylogenetic and physiologic characterization of novel, deep-branching bacterial phylotypes from metagenomic data from two YNP springs. Genome assemblies representing four populations were recovered from Aquificaceae-dominated community metagenomes from two high-temperature, circumneutral YNP springs. Phylogenetic analyses indicated they belonged to two distinct, deep-branching bacterial lineages, one of which has no currently characterized genome references. The lineages appeared to be heteroorganotrophs based on metabolic reconstructions and also were both putatively capable of using energy conserved from organic carbon degradation to fuel aerobic respiration. Analysis of the ecological distribution of these populations confirmed that they are currently restricted to high-temperature circumneutral terrestrial springs, largely within YNP. The characterization of these populations provides important physiologic context for the deepest-branching bacterial lineages and valuable genomic references for uncultured, ubiquitously distributed hyperthermophilic bacteria

Análise por imagem infravermelha da taxa de transferência de calor em ratos com pneumoperitônio submetidos a anestesia inalatória

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Osvaldo MalafaiaCo-orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Leal BrioshiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica. Defesa: Curitiba, 2004Bibliografia: fls. 52-66Resumo: O anestesiologista lida com situações inerentes ao ato anestésico e operatório que desenvolvem alteração do equilíbrio da temperatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e qualificar os fenômenos de redistribuição térmica em ratos submetidos a pneumoperitônio sob efeito de diferentes anestésicos inalatórios utilizados comumente em anestesia geral. Sessenta ratos foram submetidos à anestesia inalatória, distribuídos: A) halotano (n=20); B) isoflurano (n=20) e, C) sevoflurano (n=20). Para cada grupo, houve divisão em outros dois sub-grupos: I- sem pneumoperitônio e IIcom pneumoperitônio de 15 mmHg. A análise termodinâmica foi realizada de duas formas: mensuração da temperatura central esofágica por um termistor de alta sensibilidade e pelo mapeamento das temperaturas da superfície cutânea do animal, verificada por imageamento infravermelho (AGEMA 550). A análise multivariada (ANOVA) e a análise de incertezas foram utilizadas, respectivamente, para interpretação dos resultados numéricos e expressão das curvas de temperatura. Resultados: não houve diferença significativa em relação ao comportamento térmico durante a indução da anestesia geral entre os grupos A,B e C e durante o experimento sem pneumoperitônio, no sub-grupo I. A imagem infravermelha demonstrou transferência homogênea de calor em relação aos animais do sub-grupo I. Em relação ao sub-grupo I. Em relação ao sub-grupo II, com pneumoperitônio, a imagem infravermelha demonstrou alterações na distribuição térmica, documentando concentração de maior temperatura na região anterior do rato, em relação a região posterior, havendo significativa diferença do grupo B-II e relação ao A-II e C-II, Conclusão: Os efeitos dos pneumoperitônio foram documentado com padrão de distribuição térmica diferente em relação aos animais sem pneumoperitônio. O uso do isoflurano determinou maior taxa de transferência de calor em ratos sob pneumoperitônio em ambiente térmico mais frio que a temperatura central do rato.Abstract: The anesthesiology involves the handling of situations inherent to anesthetic and surgical procedures which lead to patients thermal unbalance, with noxious physiological effects. This study aimed at qualifying and quantifying thermal redistribution in rats subjected to pneumoperitoneum, during inhalation general anesthesia. The study involved sixty male rats, submitted to inhalation anesthesia, which were distributed in three groups: A) halothane; B) isoflurane; C) sevoflurane. Each group was divided in subgroups: I) without pneumoperitoneum and II) with pneumoperitoneum (15 mmHg). The core temperature was measured by high precision esophagic thermistor YSI 44004. The skin temperature was measured by high resolution infrared thermography (AGEMA 550). The results were analyzed by the ANOVA variance analysis and by the TUKEY parametric tests. Results: There have been no significant differences in the thermal profile (initial temperature; final temperature) and heat loss (Watts) among the three halogenate (groups A, B and C) agents during the first 10 minutes (anesthetic induction) and during the experiment with pneumoperitoneum, subgroup I. The infrared images have shown homogeneous skin heat loss during the whole experiment in subgroup I. In subgroup II, with pneumoperitoneum, infrared images have shown heterogeneous heat loss, with areas of less (anterior) or more (posterior) heat loss. In the subgroup II there was similar behavior between group A-I and group C-II. Group B-II had a significantly higher heat loss. Conclusions: Thermal distribuition was morphologic different between group I (without pneumoperitoneum) and group II with pneumoperitoneum). The group B-II (isoflurane with pneumoperitoneum) had a significantly higher heat loss

Aplicação da imagem térmica digital infravermelha na análise da microcirculação e da viabilidade do tecido hepático com lesão tipo isquemia/reperfusão induzida em ratos wistar

Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Leal BrioschiOrientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Eduardo Fouto MatiasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica. Defesa: Curitiba, 28/05/2010Bibliografia: fls. 67-75Resumo: Em condições fisiológicas, uma perfusão hepática homogênea deve ser observada. A perfusão heterogênea é tida como de mau prognóstico para o transplante de órgãos e tecidos. Os diversos métodos atuais de avaliação da microcirculação orgânica comportam limitações quanto: área de abrangência, contato físico com potencial de lesão, reprodutibilidade, uso de radiação, dependência de laboratório. A imagem térmica digital infravermelha é inócua, não entra em contato físico, e por seguir princípios físicos de transferência de calor, pode se constituir em método auxiliar diagnóstico ideal para o estudo da qualidade de órgãos e tecidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão de transferência de calor em tecido hepático controle e isquêmico e sua correlação anatomopatógica (macroscopia e microscopia óptica) com imagem térmica digital infravermelha. METODOLOGIA: Vinte ratos Wistar foram anestesiados e divididos em: Grupo I ( fígado controle) hepatectomia total; Grupo II- (Fígado Isquêmico), isquemia hepática por clampeamento da tríade portal e das veias supra-hepáticas por 60 minutos, seguido de hepatectomia total . Os fígados (ex vivo) foram perfundidos por soro fisiológico a 4ºC e filmados por termovisor de alta resolução a 25 Hz. Após a perfusão, os fígados foram submetidos a estudo anátomo-patológico por macroscopia e microscopia óptica padrão. RESULTADOS: O padrão de transferência de calor das áreas controle (sem isquemia) foi homogênea; as áreas isquêmicas, perfundiram de maneira heterogênea em relação ao controle. Houve correlação das áreas heterogêneas com isquemia do tecido hepático à macroscopia e microscopia óptica. DISCUSSÃO: A microcirculação obstruída por edema celular, por alterações na microarquitetura hepatocítica, por degeneração dos cordões hepatocelulares, por obstrução de infiltrados inflamatórios prejudica o fluxo térmico do fluido frio nas áreas isquêmicas, explicando o padrão de isotermas heterogêneas interrompidas por hot spots e áreas hiperradiantes não adequadamente perfundidas. CONCLUSÃO:Houve correlação anatomopatológica (macroscopia e microscopia) com Imagem Térmica Digital Infravermelha na detecção de tecido hepático controle e isquêmico.Abstract: Under physiological conditions, homogeneous liver perfusion is to be expected. Heterogeneous perfusion is seen as a bad prognosis for organ and tissue transplantation. The various current techniques used to evaluate organic microcirculation are limited when it comes to: extent of the area, physical contact of lesion potential, reproducibility, use of radiation, lab dependence. Digital infrared thermal imaging is innocuous, precludes physical contact and, for following physical heat transfer principles, it may be an ideal ancillary diagnostic technique in the study of organ and tissue quality. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the heat transfer pattern in hepatic and ischemic control tissues and its anatomical correlation (optical macroscopy and microscopy) with digital infrared thermal imaging. METHODOLOGY: Twenty Wistar rats were anesthetized and divided into two groups: Group I (liver control) total hepatectomy; Group II (ischemic liver), hepatic ischemia by portal triad and suprahepatic veins clamping for 60 minutes, followed by total hepatectomy. The livers (ex vivo) were perfused with saline at 4oC and imaged with a 25Hz resolution thermal imager. After the perfusion, the livers underwent anatomical pathology examination through standard optical macroscopy and microscopy. RESULTS: The heat transfer pattern in the control areas (without ischemia) was homogeneous; the ischemic areas perfused heterogeneously versus the control group. There was correlation of the heterogeneous areas with hepatic tissue ischemia under optical macroscopy and microscopy. DISCUSSION: Microcirculation obstructed by cellular edema, by changes in the hepatocytic microarchitecture, by degeneration of the hepatocellular cords, and by inflammatory infiltrates obstruction impairs the thermal flow of cold fluid in ischemic areas, which explains the pattern in which heterogeneous isotherms are interrupted by hot spots and the improperly perfused hyper radiant areas. CONCLUSION: There was anatomical correlation (macroscopy and microscopy) with digital infrared thermal imaging in the detection of hepatic and ischemic control tissue

Photoinduced electron transfer in supramolecular ruthenium-porphyrin assemblies

EZ-C acknowledges the University of St Andrews and EPSRC (EP/M02105X/1) for financial support. DE thanks funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 700961. DJ acknowledges the European Research Council (grant: 278845) and the RFI Lumomat for financial support.We present dynamic supramolecular systems composed of a Ru(II) complex of the form of [Ru(dtBubpy)2(qpy)][PF6]2 (where dtBubpy is 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-dipyridyl and qpy is 4,4':2',2'':4'',4'''-quaterpyridine) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrins (ZnTPP), through non- covalent interactions between the distal pyridine moieties of the qpy ligand the zinc of ZnTPP. The optoelectronic properties of the assemblies and the electronic interactions between the chromophoric units have been comprehensively characterized by computational investigations, and steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Upon photoexcitation of ZnTPP, electron transfer to the ruthenium center is thermodynamically favorable and, as a result, strong emission quenching of both units occurs.PostprintPeer reviewe

The Itá Pytä Punta promontory: The truncated development of a natural arc on the paleocliff of marine coast in Asunción, Paraguay

Se propone que en el acantilado constituido por areniscas rojas de la Formación Itá Pytã Punta, el cabo del mismo nombre, es un arco marino con modelado incipiente por el mar Chaqueño e inconcluso en su evolución por la regresión del mismo durante el Mioceno Superior-Plioceno Inferior.It is proposed that on the cliff composed of red sandstones of Formacion Itá Pytã Punta, the cape with the same name, is a marine arc with incipient modeling by the Chaqueño sea and unfinished on its evolution since its retreat during the Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene.Fil: Gadea, Moises. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Colman Patiño, Christian Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paraguay. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Sarubbi, Yennifer. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paraguay. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; ParaguayFil: Tondo, Matías. No especifica;Fil: Benítez, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Ríos, Sergio Daniel. Secretaría de Cultura. Departamento de Geología; Paragua

Tratamientos de los combustibles en buques CON-RO

En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se pretende explicar los tratamientos que se le aplican al Fuel Oil dentro de los buques. El Fuel Oil está presente en la mayoría de buques y además de los tratamientos estándares se le pueden añadir aditivos o aplicar tratamientos químicos según las necesidades del buque. Aparte también se explicarán los tratamientos químicos a los que se ha visto sometido el Fuel Oil en los casos prácticos de los buques OPDR Andalucía y OPDR Canarias. Estos tratamientos tienen como finalidad alterar las propiedades del Fuel Oil para así poder mejorar su uso, reducir las emisiones al medio ambiente y disminuir gradualmente el deterioro tanto del motor principal como de la maquinaria auxiliar, los tanques y sus componentes. En dicho caso práctico existe la peculiaridad de que uno de los tratamientos también tiene como finalidad la limpieza de todo el sistema de Fuel Oil para llevar a cabo un cambio en el tipo de combustible con el fin de adaptarse a los requisitos de la norma contra emisiones nocivas al medio ambiente, que tiene como plazo inmediato el 1 de Enero de 2020.This Final Degree Project intention is to explain the various treatments applied to the Fuel Oil inside the ships. Fuel Oil is present in the vast majority of ships, furthermore, additives or chemical treatments can be applied according to the needs of the vessel in addition to the already known treatments. In addition, the chemical treatments to which the Fuel Oil has been subjected in the practical case studies of the OPDR Andalucía and OPDR Canarias vessels will also be explained in detail. These chemical treatments are intended to improve the conditions and capabilities of the Fuel Oil in order to enhance its use, reduce emissions to the environment and prevent the gradual deterioration of both the ship's engine, the auxiliary machinery, the tanks and their components. In this case study there´s the peculiarity that one of the treatments also aims to clean the entire Fuel Oil system with the objective to change the type of fuel in order to adapt to the future Harmful emissions to the ecosystem requirements, which will begin to apply in January 2020

A binary with a δ\delta~Scuti star and an oscillating red giant: orbit and asteroseismology of KIC9773821

We study the $\delta$ Scuti -- red giant binary KIC9773821, the first double-pulsator binary of its kind. It was observed by \textit{Kepler} during its four-year mission. Our aims are to ascertain whether the system is bound, rather than a chance alignment, and to identify the evolutionary state of the red giant via asteroseismology. An extension of these aims is to determine a dynamical mass and an age prior for a $\delta$ Sct star, which may permit mode identification via further asteroseismic modelling. We determine spectroscopic parameters and radial velocities (RVs) for the red giant component using HERMES@Mercator spectroscopy. Light arrival-time delays from the $\delta$ Sct pulsations are used with the red-giant RVs to determine that the system is bound and to infer its orbital parameters, including the binary mass ratio. We use asteroseismology to model the individual frequencies of the red giant to give a mass of $2.10^{+0.20}_{-0.10}$ M$_{\odot}$ and an age of $1.08^{+0.06}_{-0.24}$ Gyr. We find that it is a helium-burning secondary clump star, confirm that it follows the standard $\nu_{\rm max}$ scaling relation, and confirm its observed period spacings match their theoretical counterparts in the modelling code MESA. Our results also constrain the mass and age of the $\delta$ Sct star. We leverage these constraints to construct $\delta$ Sct models in a reduced parameter space and identify four of its five pulsation modes.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

The effect of tides on near-core rotation: analysis of 35 Kepler γ\gamma Doradus stars in eclipsing and spectroscopic binaries

We systematically searched for gravity- and Rossby-mode period spacing patterns in Kepler eclipsing binaries with $\gamma$ Doradus pulsators. These stars provide an excellent opportunity to test the theory of tidal synchronisation and angular momentum transport in F- and A-type stars. We discovered 35 systems that show clear patterns, including the spectroscopic binary KIC 10080943. Combined with 45 non-eclipsing binaries with $\gamma$ Dor components that have been found using pulsation timing, we measured their near-core rotation rates and asymptotic period spacings. We find that many stars are tidally locked if the orbital periods are shorter than 10 days, in which the near-core rotation periods given by the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR) are consistent with the orbital period. Compared to the single stars, $\gamma$ Dor stars in binaries tend to have slower near-core rotation rates, likely a consequence of tidal spin-down. We also find three stars that have extremely slow near-core rotation rates. To explain these, we hypothesise that unstable tidally excited oscillations can transfer angular momentum from the star to the orbit, and slow the star below synchronism, a process we refer to as `inverse tides'.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRA

O Esporte e o Lazer no Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil

Objetivou-se analisar as publicações sobre esporte e lazer no contexto da assistência estudantil nas bases de referências e averiguar a aderência do esporte e lazer como uma ação da política de assistência estudantil nas instituições federais de ensino superior. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura estruturada em 8 passos: definição dos tópicos da pesquisa; escolha das bases; escolha das palavras-chave; pesquisa e armazenamento dos resultados encontrados; seleção dos materiais por resumo, considerando os critérios de inclusão/exclusão; extração de dados dos trabalhos selecionados; avaliação do material encontrado; e síntese e interpretação dos dados. O estudo é original por ser pioneiro em investigar, de maneira sistemática, a discussão do esporte e lazer no contexto da assistência estudantil. Ao agrupar as publicações e estruturar agenda de pesquisa, a partir do PNAES, garante ao estudo a originalidade e a relevância ao campo. Os principais resultados demonstram que a maioria dos estudos focam na verificação das ações prioritárias do PNAES desenvolvidas pelas IFES, seguida da avaliação da implementação do PNAES e o debate sobre o papel das IFES na formulação de políticas de esporte e lazer. O estudo amplia a discussão teórica do esporte como ação integrante no rol da assistência estudantil para além da figura de subsidiária das outras ações, além de estruturar indicações e sugestões de pesquisas futuras

Exploring the self-assembly and energy transfer of dynamic supramolecular iridium-porphyrin systems

EZ-C acknowledges the University of St Andrews for financial support. IDWS acknowledges support from EPSRC (EP/J009016) and the European Research Council (grant 321305). IDWS also acknowledges support from a Royal Society Wolfson research merit award. DJ acknowledges the European Research Council (grant: 278845) and the RFI Lumomat for financial support.We present the first examples of dynamic supramolecular systems composed of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes of the form of [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]PF6 (where C^N is mesppy = 2-phenyl-4-mesitylpyridinato and dFmesppy = 2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)-4-mesitylpyridinato and N^N is 4,4':2',2'':4'',4'''-quaterpyridine, qpy) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP), assembled through non-covalent interactions between the distal pyridine moieties of the qpy ligand located on the iridium complex and the zinc of the ZnTPP. The assemblies have been comprehensively characterized by a series of analytical techniques (1H NMR titration experiments, 2D COSY and HETCOR NMR spectra and low temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy) and the crystal structures have been elucidated by X-ray diffraction. The optoelectronic properties of the assemblies and the electronic interaction between the iridium and porphyrin chromophoric units have been explored with detailed photophysical measurements, supported by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.PostprintPeer reviewe