Il costo totale della logistica delle merci a livello nazionale: un metodo di stima

Il modello di stima del costo totale della logistica delle merci a livello nazionale è un argomento molto controverso e dibattuto in letteratura. Numerosi sono gli approcci proposti dagli studiosi a partire dal 1973, anno a cui risale il primo schema teorico che aggrega i principali aspetti del costo della logistica. Attraverso la ricostruzione della letteratura teorica e l’analisi delle principali applicazioni empiriche degli ultimi 30 anni, si individuano le voci di spesa sostenute dalle imprese dell’intero sistema economico quando svolgono attività logistiche impiegando risorse interne (in-house) e quando esternalizzano trasporti e servizi logistici acquistandoli da terzi (outsourced). Quindi si presenta un metodo per quantificare il costo totale della logistica partendo dalla Contabilità Nazionale. Tradizionalmente vengono utilizzate le matrici input-output, che, quantificando gli scambi intersettoriali, dovrebbero indicare quanto di ogni input produttivo (e quindi anche quanti servizi logistici e di trasporto) viene acquistato da ogni settore del sistema economico. Una delle principali proposte innovative contenute nel paper è l’abbandono delle matrici input-output e l’impiego delle tavole supply e use, che incrociando per riga e colonna prodotti con settori produttivi, consentono di individuare quanto trasporto e logistica le imprese acquistano sul mercato. Con l’ausilio delle statistiche di settore si quantifica poi una parte del trasporto svolto in-house. Rimangono indeterminati parte dei costi in-house dei servizi logistici. Si completa il lavoro con un confronto del costo totale ottenuto applicando il metodo proposto con il costo totale a livello nazionale stimato da altri autori

Estensione e evoluzione della catchment area di un porto: metodi e casi applicativi

Il processo di containerizzazione delle merci e l’intermodalità hanno contribuito alla globalizzazione degli scambi commerciali e all’intensificazione dei rapporti dei porti con l’hinterland di riferimento. Lo sviluppo di servizi logistici avanzati lungo i corridoi di trasporto ha inciso sulla possibilità di ampliare gli hinterland, rendendoli anche discontinui rispetto alle regioni servite. Ciò ha contribuito ad accrescere, negli ultimi anni, l’attenzione nei confronti del rapporto tra porto e il suo bacino di riferimento. Ne è conseguita al contempo una crescente attenzione nei confronti della corretta stima dell’estensione ed evoluzione nel tempo della catchment area dei porti e degli elementi determinanti per l’accrescimento dell’attrattività degli stessi.. La capacità competitiva di un porto dipende dal coordinamento del porto con gli attori esterni che popolano l’intera supply chain. In questi termini assumono rilievo i collegamenti fisici e soprattutto immateriali del porto con l’hinterland, perché l’entroterra è elemento costitutivo della supply chain. Analizzare la capacità competitiva di un porto in modo compiuto significa pertanto considerare il porto come uno dei nodi della supply chain dei prodotti che in esso transitano. In letteratura si trovano numerosi modelli per la quantificazione dei flussi di merce. Nel paper se ne propone un adattamento per individuare i flussi di merce che dal bacino di utenza nazionale giungono in un porto per essere imbarcati e destinati all’esportazione. Esiste oggi una crescente necessità di utilizzare strumenti di stima dei flussi dei porti, con particolare riferimento agli hinterland di origine e destino delle merci. Tali strumenti debbono risultare in grado non solo di “fotografare” lo status quo, ma anche di documentare serie storiche “ampie”, ovvero sul medio e lungo periodo. Ciò appare necessario oggi più che in passato in ragione della rilevanza del tema rispetto all’ipotesi di nuova governance dei porti. Quanto più ogni singolo scalo portuale conosce la propria catchment area, tanto più risulterà perseguibile l’auspicabile obiettivo di giungere ad un coordinamento degli investimenti. Nelle pagine a seguire, viene analizzato il mercato effettivo e potenziale del porto di Ravenna, stimato attraverso l’utilizzo congiunto di modelli quantitativi e qualitativi

The organizational reasons for wrongdoing. The case of Italy’s Superior Council of the Judiciary (CSM)

Many scholars have highlighted the individual, organizational and inter-organizational causes of organizational wrongdoing; others have focused on its (negative) consequences or have analyzed how it can persist and spread between organizations. An underlining assumption shared by many of those studies is that organizational wrongdoing is a deviant, society-damaging phenomenon originating from individual and organizational actors' pursuit of undue advantages. We argue that, at least in some cases, actors may also have "organizational reasons" for wrongdoing, besides self-interest. This article aims at analyzing the organizational reasons for wrongdoing in the CSM affair, a scandal that shed light on the deviant practices for career paths within the Italian judiciary system. By relying on documents and several semi-structured interviews to judges, public prosecutors, and experts in the field, we reconstructed actual practices for career advancement (extra-legal governance) and compared them with formal policies (legal governance). Our analysis shows that deviant practices were not merely occasional episodes of favoritism, but were part of an extra-legal governance system that involved virtually all of Italy's judges. We also found that the CSM decoupled formal policies from actual practices to manage two organizational trade-offs - bureaucratic rules vs. efficiency, and independence vs. accountability. Therefore, besides individual gain, actors had two major "organizational reasons" for wrongdoing: first, they needed to cope with a lack of organizational capabilities and resources; second, they needed to address calls for greater accountability. In the light of our findings, we conclude with some considerations about organizational learning and the relation between law, organizations, and wrongdoing

A Robot Recommends: GPT-3 Answers Readers' Advisory Questions

Generative transformers like GPT-3 are sophisticated question-answering tools with many real-world applications. This study explored a possible use for GPT-3 in a public library setting answering Readers’ Advisory questions. GPT-3 was asked real-world readers’ advisory questions gleaned from social media and asked to explain its answers. These responses were coded using qualitative content analysis to characterize GPT-3’s answers and ability to handle the nuance and complexity inherent to readers’ advisory questions. Though GPT-3 revealed several weaknesses, including inconsistency and a tendency towards repetition, it was able to recommend books in a variety of contexts and speculate about a user’s underlying experience. At times, its nonjudgmental answers were reminiscent of active listening techniques that library professionals practice, hinting at an emerging librarian persona. This study aims to open the door for further research on AI in public libraries and demonstrate GPT-3’s capabilities in a particular context.Master of Science in Information Scienc

PolyBoost Engine Air Injection System

Statement of Confidentiality: The complete senior project report was submitted to the project advisor and sponsor. The results of this project are of a confidential nature and will not be published at this time

Comunidades energéticas y acceso a la energía: definición legal, desarrollo normativo y análisis comparado del marco jurídico en países del entorno europeo con el sistema español

[ES]La comunidad internacional apresura cambios en los sistemas energéticos en escenarios globales para combatir la emergencia climática, la dependencia energética y reducir las emisiones de carbono. En este contexto, solo unos pocos estudios ofrecen una visión integral del significado del acceso universal a la energía en la Unión Europea en entornos locales y organizacionales, que es donde se decidió abordar el desafío del objeto de estudio. Esta Disertación vincula la definición legal de las comunidades de energía con el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 7: “Garantizar el acceso universal a los servicios energéticos, asequibles, fiables, y modernos”. La Tesis Doctoral propone el acceso a la energía como marco principal para establecer cómo se ha traspuesto la definición legal de comunidades energéticas en distintos sistemas jurídicos de Europa. Dicho marco teórico contribuye a entender los retos para implementar la definición legal de las comunidades energéticas según la Directiva 2019/944/CE y la Directiva 2018/2001/C

Museu Antropológico da UFG e o uso de recursos tecnológicos no contexto de isolamento social

In this paper the authors reflect on the intense insertion of the Anthropological Museum of the Federal University of Goiás in virtual environments, an initiative that was already in progress, but which was expanded in a context of social isolation. Two activities were taken as the object of analysis, namely: the use of the Tainacan software for the availability of the “Collection William Lipkind of the National Museum”, which opened new possibilities for future digitization of the MA/UFG collection and the 360o filming process of the exhibition in commemoration of the museum's 50th anniversary, entitled “Redes, Saberes e Ocupações” which was launched in the midst of the pandemic crisis through a virtual broadcast. We propose to show how the context of the museum studied here has reinvented itself in order to provide the scope of its projects and exhibitions, using technology to continue its dialogical proposal of the university with the communities outside it.O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca do uso das ferramentas tecnológicas pelo Museu Antropológico da Universidade de Goiás (MA UFG), movimento esse que já ocorria antes do período pandêmico, mas que por decorrência do mesmo passou por um processo de intensificação. Esse acontecimento é compreendido, a partir da presente análise, como uma resposta do MA UFG diante de um contexto social específico, onde a instituição buscou novos métodos para dar continuidade a sua relação dialógica com o público, sobretudo em meio ao contexto de isolamento social

J.D. Thompson’s Organizations in Action 50th anniversary: a reflection

At the 50th anniversary of James D. Thompson’s fundamental book, Organizations in Action, TAO Digital Library proposes a reflection on this great master’s legacy and the evolution of organizational studies. Twelve researchers, from different disciplinary fields, analyze both the texts utilized for teaching and the contribution of several important journals, particularly in recent decades. The outcome is an overall picture that may stimulate different, divergent evaluations and, even more importantly, desirable, deeper reflections

COTSAT Small Spacecraft Cost Optimization for Government and Commercial Use

Cost Optimized Test of Spacecraft Avionics and Technologies (COTSAT-1) is an ongoing spacecraft research and development project at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). The prototype spacecraft, also known as CheapSat, is the first of what could potentially be a series of rapidly produced low-cost spacecraft. The COTSAT-1 team is committed to realizing the challenging goal of building a fully functional spacecraft for $500K parts and$2.0M labor. The project's efforts have resulted in significant accomplishments within the scope of a limited budget and schedule. Completion and delivery of the flight hardware to the Engineering Directorate at NASA Ames occurred in February 2009 and a cost effective qualification program is currently under study. The COTSAT-1 spacecraft is now located at NASA Ames Research Center and is awaiting a cost effective launch opportunity. This paper highlights the advancements of the COTSAT-1 spacecraft cost reduction techniques

Business models and consumers' value proposition for PEDs value generation by PEDs: best practices case study book

Executive Summary: The EU's SET Plan has proposed the development of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) to achieve the transition towards a more sustainable energy system through the adoption of renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency measures. PEDs are envisioned to be neighbourhoods that utilise such technologies and create an environment that enables citizens to lead environmentally‐friendly lifestyles. At their core, PEDs create value across three sustainability dimensions: environmental, social, and economic. PEDs and PED‐like projects can be developed in a variety of ways and are a product of the physical, social, and economic characteristics of the environment. Innovative business models – the configurations in which value is created, delivered, and captured – are integral to leveraging these contextual characteristics in order to achieve the goals of PEDs. This study aims to identify best practice cases and categorise them into archetypes of business models operating in PEDs in order to summarise the opportunities available in PED creation. The authors synthesise existing literature in the area of sustainable business models to develop a conceptual framework that analyses the extent to which the value dimensions of business models address the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability, with a focus on PEDs. This allows the building blocks of the original business model canvas to be modified and extended. The authors use a qualitative analytical approach, to a set of selected European cases, through the lens of the conceptual framework to identify business model archetypes of PEDs and PED‐like projects