43 research outputs found

    Role of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with isolated mild or moderate ventriculomegaly in the era of neurosonography: international multicenter study

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    Objectives To assess the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting associated anomalies in fetuses presenting with mild or moderate isolated ventriculomegaly (VM) undergoing multiplanar ultrasound evaluation of the fetal brain. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study involving 15 referral fetal medicine centers in Italy, the UK and Spain. Inclusion criteria were fetuses affected by isolated mild (ventricular atrial diameter, 10.0–11.9 mm) or moderate (ventricular atrial diameter, 12.0–14.9 mm) VM on ultrasound, defined as VM with normal karyotype and no other additional central nervous system (CNS) or extra‐CNS anomalies on ultrasound, undergoing detailed assessment of the fetal brain using a multiplanar approach as suggested by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines for the fetal neurosonogram, followed by fetal MRI. The primary outcome of the study was to report the incidence of additional CNS anomalies detected exclusively on prenatal MRI and missed on ultrasound, while the secondary aim was to estimate the incidence of additional anomalies detected exclusively after birth and missed on prenatal imaging (ultrasound and MRI). Subgroup analysis according to gestational age at MRI (< 24 vs ≄ 24 weeks), laterality of VM (unilateral vs bilateral) and severity of dilatation (mild vs moderate VM) were also performed. Results Five hundred and fifty‐six fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of isolated mild or moderate VM on ultrasound were included in the analysis. Additional structural anomalies were detected on prenatal MRI and missed on ultrasound in 5.4% (95% CI, 3.8–7.6%) of cases. When considering the type of anomaly, supratentorial intracranial hemorrhage was detected on MRI in 26.7% of fetuses, while polymicrogyria and lissencephaly were detected in 20.0% and 13.3% of cases, respectively. Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum was detected on MRI in 6.7% of cases, while dysgenesis was detected in 3.3%. Fetuses with an associated anomaly detected only on MRI were more likely to have moderate than mild VM (60.0% vs 17.7%; P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the proportion of cases with bilateral VM between the two groups (P = 0.2). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower maternal body mass index (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.7–0.99); P = 0.030), the presence of moderate VM (aOR, 5.8 (95% CI, 2.6–13.4); P < 0.001) and gestational age at MRI ≄ 24 weeks (aOR, 4.1 (95% CI, 1.1–15.3); P = 0.038) were associated independently with the probability of detecting an associated anomaly on MRI. Associated anomalies were detected exclusively at birth and missed on prenatal imaging in 3.8% of cases. Conclusions The incidence of an associated fetal anomaly missed on ultrasound and detected only on fetal MRI in fetuses with isolated mild or moderate VM undergoing neurosonography is lower than that reported previously. The large majority of these anomalies are difficult to detect on ultrasound. The findings from this study support the practice of MRI assessment in every fetus with a prenatal diagnosis of VM, although parents can be reassured of the low risk of an associated anomaly when VM is isolated on neurosonography

    Uplift history of a transform continental margin revealed by the stratigraphic record: The case of the Agulhas transform margin along the Southern African Plateau

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    International audienceThe south and southeast coast of southern Africa (from 28°S to 33°S) forms a high-elevated transform passive margin bounded to the east by the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). We analysed the stratigraphic record of the Outeniqua and Durban (Thekwini) Basins, located on the African side of the AFFZ, to determine the evolution of these margins from the rifting stage to present-day. The goal was to reconstruct the strike-slip evolution of the Agulhas Margin and the uplift of the inland high-elevation South African Plateau. The Agulhas transform passive margin results from four successive stages: (1) Rifting stage, from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous (~200?–134 Ma), punctuated by three successive rifting episodes related to the Gondwana breakup; (2) Wrench stage (134–131 Ma), evidenced by strike- and dip-slip deformations increasing toward the AFFZ; (3) Active transform margin stage (131–92 Ma), during which the Falkland/Malvinas Plateau drifts away along the AFFZ, with an uplift of the northeastern part of the Outeniqua Basin progressively migrating toward the west; (4) Thermal subsidence stage (92–0 Ma), marked by a major change in the configuration of the margin (onset of the shelf-break passive margin morphology).Two main periods of uplift were documented during the thermal subsidence stage of the Agulhas Margin: (1) a 92 Ma short-lived margin-scale uplift, followed by a second one at 76 Ma located along the Outeniqua Basin and; (2) a long-lasting uplift from 40 to 15 Ma limited to the Durban (Thekwini) Basin. This suggests that the South African Plateau is an old Upper Cretaceous relief (90–70 Ma) reactivated during Late Eocene to Early Miocene times (40–15 Ma)

    The Zambezi offshore system (delta to deep-sea fan): sink measurement – a record of the east Africa rift uplift and related climate changes

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    International audienceLe delta du ZambĂšze, un des plus grands d’Afrique, est caractĂ©risĂ© par un profil de dĂ©pĂŽt segmentĂ© structuralement et topographiquement. Il est caractĂ©risĂ© par en amont un prisme deltaĂŻque Ă©pais de 10 km, sans tectonique gravitaire, une zone subsidente intermĂ©diaire d’Angoche et un fan d’eau profonde, sĂ©parĂ© de la zone d’Angoche par une ride contouritique majeure. Le bilan des volumes sĂ©dimentaires prĂ©servĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© basĂ© sur une analyse par stratigraphie sismique, d’une large base de donnĂ©es sismiques acadĂ©miques et industrielles. Cette base de donnĂ©es a fait l’objet d’une rĂ©Ă©valuation biostratigraphique et lithologique menant Ă  un modĂšle d’ñge actualisĂ©. Les volumes sont mesurĂ©s entre isochrones successives, compactĂ©s pour ĂȘtre comparĂ©s aux volumes de roches solides Ă©rodĂ©s en amont. Les marges d’erreur sont Ă©valuĂ©es en utilisant le code VolumeEstimator (Guillocheau et al., 2013). Quatre pĂ©riodes clĂ©s sont identifiĂ©es dans l’histoire post-rift de cette marge : 94-66 Ma (Turonien-Maastrichtien) -premiers flux silico-dĂ©tritiques, 66-34 Ma (PalĂ©ocĂšne - ÉocĂšne) – trĂšs faible flux silico-dĂ©tritique, 34-5,5 Ma (OligocĂšne-MiocĂšne) – second flux silico-dĂ©tritique majeur et 5,5-0 Ma (Plio-PlĂ©istocĂšne) – brusque augmentation du flux sĂ©dimentaire. Ces changements correspondent Ă  des Ă©vĂšnements majeurs tectoniques et/ou climatiques. Une nouvelle reconstitution des variations climatiques a Ă©tĂ© basĂ©e sur une Ă©tude palynologique originale. Ces variations se rĂ©sument ainsi : de 100 Ă  90 Ma – climat semi-aride, 90 Ma – brusque augmentation des prĂ©cipitations vers un climat trĂšs humide Ă  40 Ma, les pĂ©riodes de 40-30 Ma et de 15-11 Ma sont plus sĂšches, celles de 30-20 Ma et de 11-7 Ma sont de nouveau trĂšs humides. L’apport de sĂ©diments silico-dĂ©tritiques entre 94 Ă  66 Ma peut ĂȘtre mis en relation avec le soulĂšvement du Plateau sud-africain et Ă  la reprise de l’érosion du Bushveld (Braun et al., 2014). Ceci a pu ĂȘtre forcĂ© aprĂšs 90 Ma par la rapide augmentation de l’humiditĂ©. La pĂ©riode comprise entre 66 et 34 Ma de faibles apports silico-dĂ©tritiques est contemporaine et d’une pĂ©ri- ode de quiescence tectonique, et de conditions climatiques trĂšs humides favorisant l’altĂ©ration chimique et le dĂ©veloppement de plateformes carbonatĂ©es. La seconde augmentation des apports silico-dĂ©tritiques Ă  34 Ma rĂ©sulte d’une surrection Ă  l’échelle de l’Afrique, liĂ©e Ă  la dynamique mantellique (Burke & Gunnell, 2008), ce qui va marquer le dĂ©but de l’érosion mĂ©canique des profils d’altĂ©ration chimique Ă©ocĂšnes. Enfin la rapide augmentation du flux dĂ©tritique autour de 5,5 Ma correspond Ă  une rĂ©organisation majeure du bassin versant du fleuve ZambĂšze au moment de l’initiation du rift Malawi. Ces bilans ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s aux rĂ©sultats obtenus sur les autres systĂšmes d’alimentation que reprĂ©sentent la marge ouest-malgache, la Rovuma et le Limpopo. Travail soutenu par projet PAMELA - PAssive Margin Exploration Laboratories, coordonnĂ© par TOTAL et l’IFREMER et les universitĂ©s de Bretagne Occidentale, de Rennes 1, de Pierre et Marie Curis, du CNRS et de l’IFPEN

    The Zambezi offshore system (delta to deep-sea fan): sink measurement – a record of the east Africa rift uplift and related climate changes

    No full text
    International audienceLe delta du ZambĂšze, un des plus grands d’Afrique, est caractĂ©risĂ© par un profil de dĂ©pĂŽt segmentĂ© structuralement et topographiquement. Il est caractĂ©risĂ© par en amont un prisme deltaĂŻque Ă©pais de 10 km, sans tectonique gravitaire, une zone subsidente intermĂ©diaire d’Angoche et un fan d’eau profonde, sĂ©parĂ© de la zone d’Angoche par une ride contouritique majeure. Le bilan des volumes sĂ©dimentaires prĂ©servĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© basĂ© sur une analyse par stratigraphie sismique, d’une large base de donnĂ©es sismiques acadĂ©miques et industrielles. Cette base de donnĂ©es a fait l’objet d’une rĂ©Ă©valuation biostratigraphique et lithologique menant Ă  un modĂšle d’ñge actualisĂ©. Les volumes sont mesurĂ©s entre isochrones successives, compactĂ©s pour ĂȘtre comparĂ©s aux volumes de roches solides Ă©rodĂ©s en amont. Les marges d’erreur sont Ă©valuĂ©es en utilisant le code VolumeEstimator (Guillocheau et al., 2013). Quatre pĂ©riodes clĂ©s sont identifiĂ©es dans l’histoire post-rift de cette marge : 94-66 Ma (Turonien-Maastrichtien) -premiers flux silico-dĂ©tritiques, 66-34 Ma (PalĂ©ocĂšne - ÉocĂšne) – trĂšs faible flux silico-dĂ©tritique, 34-5,5 Ma (OligocĂšne-MiocĂšne) – second flux silico-dĂ©tritique majeur et 5,5-0 Ma (Plio-PlĂ©istocĂšne) – brusque augmentation du flux sĂ©dimentaire. Ces changements correspondent Ă  des Ă©vĂšnements majeurs tectoniques et/ou climatiques. Une nouvelle reconstitution des variations climatiques a Ă©tĂ© basĂ©e sur une Ă©tude palynologique originale. Ces variations se rĂ©sument ainsi : de 100 Ă  90 Ma – climat semi-aride, 90 Ma – brusque augmentation des prĂ©cipitations vers un climat trĂšs humide Ă  40 Ma, les pĂ©riodes de 40-30 Ma et de 15-11 Ma sont plus sĂšches, celles de 30-20 Ma et de 11-7 Ma sont de nouveau trĂšs humides. L’apport de sĂ©diments silico-dĂ©tritiques entre 94 Ă  66 Ma peut ĂȘtre mis en relation avec le soulĂšvement du Plateau sud-africain et Ă  la reprise de l’érosion du Bushveld (Braun et al., 2014). Ceci a pu ĂȘtre forcĂ© aprĂšs 90 Ma par la rapide augmentation de l’humiditĂ©. La pĂ©riode comprise entre 66 et 34 Ma de faibles apports silico-dĂ©tritiques est contemporaine et d’une pĂ©ri- ode de quiescence tectonique, et de conditions climatiques trĂšs humides favorisant l’altĂ©ration chimique et le dĂ©veloppement de plateformes carbonatĂ©es. La seconde augmentation des apports silico-dĂ©tritiques Ă  34 Ma rĂ©sulte d’une surrection Ă  l’échelle de l’Afrique, liĂ©e Ă  la dynamique mantellique (Burke & Gunnell, 2008), ce qui va marquer le dĂ©but de l’érosion mĂ©canique des profils d’altĂ©ration chimique Ă©ocĂšnes. Enfin la rapide augmentation du flux dĂ©tritique autour de 5,5 Ma correspond Ă  une rĂ©organisation majeure du bassin versant du fleuve ZambĂšze au moment de l’initiation du rift Malawi. Ces bilans ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s aux rĂ©sultats obtenus sur les autres systĂšmes d’alimentation que reprĂ©sentent la marge ouest-malgache, la Rovuma et le Limpopo. Travail soutenu par projet PAMELA - PAssive Margin Exploration Laboratories, coordonnĂ© par TOTAL et l’IFREMER et les universitĂ©s de Bretagne Occidentale, de Rennes 1, de Pierre et Marie Curis, du CNRS et de l’IFPEN

    Source‐To‐Sink Sedimentary Budget of the African Equatorial Atlantic Rifted Margin

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    International audienceAbstract Despite their very low relief and erosion rates, non‐orogenic (i.e., cratonic) continental domains account for over 60% of the Earth's exposed lands. Therefore, they contribute significantly to the clastic sediments and solutes exported to the ocean and should be accounted for in global studies. Nonetheless, they have been much less studied than orogenic domains. In this study, we establish the source‐to‐sink sedimentary budget of the sub‐saharan West African cratonic domain and its Equatorial Atlantic rifted margin using published low‐temperature thermochronological data to estimate onshore denudation and regional geological cross‐sections to estimate offshore accumulation. We show that during and immediately following rifting (130‐94 Ma), the build‐up and subsequent erosion of rift‐related relief resulted in a transient, 100–200 km wide strip along the margin recording high denudation rates (>50 m/Myr), while the inland domain underwent steady and very low denudation (<10 m/Myr). Afterward, the whole onshore domain underwent very low and steady denudation. Thus, the changes in post‐rift accumulation rates documented along the rifted margin were caused by changes in the climate and/or drainage network. During the Late Cretaceous, we document a regional rise in accumulation rates caused by the enlargement of drainage areas feeding the basins by a hinterlandward migration of the continental divide. During the Paleogene, we document a general drop in accumulation rates in all the basins of the African Atlantic margins caused by the global greenhouse climate, which enhanced the development of lateritic weathering mantles, storing clastic sediments on the continent and favoring solute exports to the ocean

    Progetto di riconversione dell'area Carbon ad Ascoli Piceno.

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    La dismissione della Sgl-Carbon di Ascoli Piceno libera e restituisce alla città un’area di circa 25 ettari localizzata alle porte del centro storico, tra la stazione ferroviaria e il fiume Tronto. Il progetto di riconversione si avvale di un programma concordato con gli enti direttamente interessati: la superficie complessiva dell’area viene suddivisa in tre parti uguali da destinarsi a residenza, parco scientifico e tecnologico, verde pubblico

    Post-rift stratigraphic architectures along the African margin of the Equatorial Atlantic: Part I the influence of extension obliquity

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    International audienceWe investigated the variability of the first-order crustal structure and early post-rift stratigraphy of six segments of the African Equatorial Atlantic margin using sub-surface data (seismic and wells). Extension obliquity of the segments varies from 0° for the West Ivory Coast and Ghana transform segments to 30° for the Togo-Benin oblique segment and 75° for the East Ivory Coast normally divergent segment. The Sierra Leone and Liberia segments underwent probably deformation during both the early Jurassic rifting of the Central Atlantic and the early Cretaceous rifting of the Equatorial Atlantic with contrasted divergence obliquities. For segments that underwent a single rifting, we show that, the higher the obliquity, the wider the crustal thinning domain. This has a major influence on the first-order geometry of all the post-rift horizons, including the present-day slope: the lower the obliquity, the larger the differential subsidence across the margin and the steeper the present-day slopes of post-rift horizons. This also has a major influence on the flexural isostatic response of the lithosphere to thermal- and erosion/sedimentation- driven (un)loads during the early post-rift. Narrow (transform) segments underwent higher flexural (and/or thermal) uplifts in the proximal domain than wider divergent segments. Along the same margin, divergent segments therefore may preserve early post-rift deposits in their proximal domains, whereas they are not preserved on nearby transform segments
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