Congenital left ventricular diverticulum associated with ASD, VSD, and epigastric hernia

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation. Two categories of congenital ventricular diverticulum have been identified with regard to their localization: apical and non-apical. Apical diverticula are always associated with midline thoraco-abdominal defects and other heart malformations. Non-apical diverticula are always isolated defects. Diagnosis is established by imaging studies such as echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or left ventricular angiography. Mode of treatment has to be individually tailored and depends on clinical presentation, accompanying abnormalities, and possible complications. We report a 10-month-old girl with left ventricular apical diverticulum, large atrial septal defect, two small muscular ventricular septal defects, and pulmonary hypertension, associated with epigastric hernia. This patient underwent total surgical repair for intra-cardiac defects as well as diverticular resection

Who is accessing community lateral flow device testing and why:Characteristics and motivations of individuals participating in COVID-19 community testing in two English local authority areas

BACKGROUND: Antigen testing using lateral flow devices (LFDs) plays an important role in the management of the novel coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) by rapidly identifying individuals who are asymptomatically carrying high levels of the virus. By January 2021, LFD community testing sites were set up across English local authority areas to support the management and containment of regional COVID-19 cases, initially targeting essential workers unable to work from home during the national lockdown. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and motivations of individuals accessing community LFD testing across two local authority areas (LAAs) in the South West of England. METHODS: Data were collected as part of a service evaluation from December 22(nd) 2020 until March 15(th) 2021 for two LAAs. Demographic and postcode data were collected from an online test appointment booking platform and the National Health Service testing service online system, with data accessed from Public Health England. An online survey was sent to individuals who made a testing appointment at an LAA1 site using the online booking platform, consisting of 12 questions to collect data on individual’s motivations for and experiences of testing. RESULTS: Data were available for individuals who completed 12,516 tests in LAA1 and 12,327 tests in LAA2. Most individuals who engaged with testing were female, working age, white, and worked as early years or education staff, health and social care staff, and supermarket or food production staff. 1249 individuals completed the survey with 60% of respondents reported getting tested for work-related reasons. Individuals first heard about LFD testing through various channels including work, media, and word of mouth, and decided to get tested based on the ease and convenience of testing, workplace communications, and to identify asymptomatic cases to help stop the spread. Most tests were completed by individuals living in less deprived areas based on national deciles of deprivation. CONCLUSIONS: While national and local COVID-19 testing strategies have evolved, community and personal LFD testing remains a crucial pillar of the testing strategy. Future studies should collect quantitative and qualitative data from residents to most effectively shape testing offers based on the needs and preferences of their population. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12986-4

A novel pathogenic variant of SRD5A2 in an Iranian psuedohermaphrodite male

Deficiency of the 5-alpha-reductase may have an important role in 46,XY DSD in some cohorts. The prenatal ultrasonography and karyotyping can trigger the attention toward the presence of a DSD in fetus. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Lt

Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation

Background Tobacco use is estimated to kill 7 million people a year. Nicotin e is highly addictive, but surveys indicate that almost 70% of U S and UK smokers would like to stop smoking. Although many smokers attempt to give up on their own, advice from a health professio nal increases the chances of quitting. As of 2016 there were 3.5 bill ion Internet users worldwide, making the Internet a potenti al platform to help people quit smoking. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of Internet-based interventi ons for smoking cessation, whether intervention effectivene ss is altered by tailoring or interactive features, and if there is a differen ce in effectiveness between adolescents, young adults, and adu lts. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Regi ster, which included searches of MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO (through OVID). There were no restrictions placed on lan guage, publication status or publication date. The most recent search was conducted in August 2016. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Participants w ere people who smoked, with no exclusions based on age, gender , ethnicity, language or health status. Any type of Internet in tervention was eligible. The comparison condition could be a no -intervention control, a different Internet intervention, or a non-Interne t intervention. To be included, studies must have measured sm oking cessation at four weeks or longer. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed and extracted dat a. We extracted and, where appropriate, pooled smoking cessat ion outcomes of six-month follow-up or more, reporting short-term outcomes n arratively where longer-term outcomes were not available. We reported study effects as a risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI )

Possible association of vitamin D status with lung involvement and outcome in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported as a key factor in the development of infectious diseases such as respiratory tract infections and inflammatory processes like acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the impact of vitamin D on the severity and outcome of COVID-19 is still not fully known. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of serum vitamin D concentration on the extent of lung involvement and final outcome in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Seventy-three subjects with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were investigated in this study. The patients had been admitted to our academic hospital from February 28, 2020 to April 19, 2020. Demographic and clinical data, serum 25(OH)D levels, and findings of initial chest computed tomography were recorded. Linear and binary logistic regression, cox regression and ROC curve tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 55.18 ± 14.98 years old; 46.4 were male. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in the deceased (13.83 ± 12.53 ng/ mL compared with discharged patients (38.41 ± 18.51 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with significantly less extent of total lung involvement (β = � 0.10, P = 0.004). In addition, vitamin D deficiency 25(OH) D < 25 ng/mL was associated with a significant increase in the risk of mortality (hazard ratio = 4.15, P = 0.04). Conclusion: This study suggests that serum vitamin D status might provide useful information regarding the clinical course, extent of lung involvement and outcome of patients with COVID-19. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

State anxiety and emotional face recognition in healthy volunteers

High trait anxiety has been associated with detriments in emotional face processing. By contrast, relatively little is known about the effects of state anxiety on emotional face processing. We investigated the effects of state anxiety on recognition of emotional expressions (anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear and happiness) experimentally, using the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) model to induce state anxiety, and in a large observational study. The experimental studies indicated reduced global (rather than emotion-specific) emotion recognition accuracy and increased interpretation bias (a tendency to perceive anger over happiness) when state anxiety was heightened. The observational study confirmed that higher state anxiety is associated with poorer emotion recognition, and indicated that negative effects of trait anxiety are negated when controlling for state anxiety, suggesting a mediating effect of state anxiety. These findings may have implications for anxiety disorders, which are characterized by increased frequency, intensity or duration of state anxious episodes

Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis : ESSR-ESPR points to consider

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common paediatric rheumatic disease. It represents a group of heterogenous inflammatory disorders with unknown origin and is a diagnosis of exclusion in which imaging plays an important role. JIA is defined as arthritis of one or more joints that begins before the age of 16 years, persists for more than 6 weeks and is of unknown aetiology and pathophysiology. The clinical goal is early suppression of inflammation to prevent irreversible joint damage which has shifted the emphasis from detecting established joint damage to proactively detecting inflammatory change. This drives the need for imaging techniques that are more sensitive than conventional radiography in the evaluation of inflammatory processes as well as early osteochondral change. Physical examination has limited reliability, even if performed by an experienced clinician, emphasising the importance of imaging to aid in clinical decision-making. On behalf of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) arthritis subcommittee and the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) musculoskeletal imaging taskforce, based on literature review and/or expert opinion, we discuss paediatric-specific imaging characteristics of the most commonly involved, in literature best documented and clinically important joints in JIA, namely the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), spine, sacroiliac (SI) joints, wrists, hips and knees, followed by a clinically applicable point to consider for each joint. We will also touch upon controversies in the current literature that remain to be resolved with ongoing research