Hubungan Kinerja Otak Dengan Spiritualitas Manusia Diukur Dengan Menggunakan Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment Pada Dosen Stain Manado

: Neuroscience is a science about the nervous system especially the brain. According to Daniel Amen who used SPECT to watch brain activity that was associated with the soul, brain was divided into five main systems: prefrontal cortex, limbic system, ganglia basalis, gyrus cingulatus, and temporal lobe. A person's spirituality is related to the purpose and meaning of his/her life as a manifestation of one's relationship with God. Spirituality has four dimensions, namely the meaning of life, positive emotions, spiritual experiences and rituals. In Indonesia, Indonesia Spiritual Health Assessment (ISHA) is used to assess a person's spirituality. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of spirituality with the human brain among Manado STAIN lecturers. This was a descriptive analytic study with 30 respondents. The results were analyzed by using the Spearmen correlation analysis. There was a significant correlation between the performance of the human brain and spirituality, in this case the relationship was between the prefrontal cortex and the meaning of life. Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between the human brain and spirituality

Growth and development status in the first two years of uninfected children born from HIV positive mothers

Recently prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child by antiretroviral regimens has resulted in growing the numbers of HIV exposed but uninfected children (HIV-EU). The aim of present study was evaluation of growth and neurodevelopment status among less than 2-year-old HIV exposed uninfected children. A cohort study was carried out at Vali-e-Asr Hospital (Tehran-Iran). Thirty-nine HIV-EU neonates were recruited (2014 to 2016). Neonates and infants with concern to growth and neurodevelopment status were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months by an expert physician. Neurodevelopment assessment was based on WHO Milestones Chart and Age and Stage Questionnaire. Of all children, 22 were male, and 17 were female. Regarding growth indices, although mean birth weight in half of the neonates was lower than normal population; no postnatal descending trend was observed in their growth chart. No significant differences were found between two groups' height and head circumference. Among the neurodevelopmental parameters measured, in 6th months of life, 2 cases had abnormality in the gross motor while at 12 months, 6 cases had delay in language, social problem, and motor disorders. At 18 and 24 months, 7 infants showed developmental problems of which 71.4 of their mothers were younger than others (age<25 years, P=0.009). Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders including delay in language, motor, and social domains was common among HIV-EU children. As several environmental factors may involve the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, nearly-full postnatal control and prevention seem necessary. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Growth and development status in the first two years of uninfected children born from HIV positive mothers

Recently prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child by antiretroviral regimens has resulted in growing the numbers of HIV exposed but uninfected children (HIV-EU). The aim of present study was evaluation of growth and neurodevelopment status among less than 2-year-old HIV exposed uninfected children. A cohort study was carried out at Vali-e-Asr Hospital (Tehran-Iran). Thirty-nine HIV-EU neonates were recruited (2014 to 2016). Neonates and infants with concern to growth and neurodevelopment status were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months by an expert physician. Neurodevelopment assessment was based on WHO Milestones Chart and Age and Stage Questionnaire. Of all children, 22 were male, and 17 were female. Regarding growth indices, although mean birth weight in half of the neonates was lower than normal population; no postnatal descending trend was observed in their growth chart. No significant differences were found between two groups' height and head circumference. Among the neurodevelopmental parameters measured, in 6th months of life, 2 cases had abnormality in the gross motor while at 12 months, 6 cases had delay in language, social problem, and motor disorders. At 18 and 24 months, 7 infants showed developmental problems of which 71.4 of their mothers were younger than others (age<25 years, P=0.009). Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders including delay in language, motor, and social domains was common among HIV-EU children. As several environmental factors may involve the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, nearly-full postnatal control and prevention seem necessary. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis : ESSR-ESPR points to consider

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common paediatric rheumatic disease. It represents a group of heterogenous inflammatory disorders with unknown origin and is a diagnosis of exclusion in which imaging plays an important role. JIA is defined as arthritis of one or more joints that begins before the age of 16 years, persists for more than 6 weeks and is of unknown aetiology and pathophysiology. The clinical goal is early suppression of inflammation to prevent irreversible joint damage which has shifted the emphasis from detecting established joint damage to proactively detecting inflammatory change. This drives the need for imaging techniques that are more sensitive than conventional radiography in the evaluation of inflammatory processes as well as early osteochondral change. Physical examination has limited reliability, even if performed by an experienced clinician, emphasising the importance of imaging to aid in clinical decision-making. On behalf of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) arthritis subcommittee and the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) musculoskeletal imaging taskforce, based on literature review and/or expert opinion, we discuss paediatric-specific imaging characteristics of the most commonly involved, in literature best documented and clinically important joints in JIA, namely the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), spine, sacroiliac (SI) joints, wrists, hips and knees, followed by a clinically applicable point to consider for each joint. We will also touch upon controversies in the current literature that remain to be resolved with ongoing research

Quantitative Assessment of Radioisotope Uptake in Condyles by SPECT Bone Scintigraphy

Statement of problem: Condylar hyperplasia of the mandible is a self limiting abnormality which can cause facial asymmetry, temporomandibular joint (TMJ)dysfunction and esthetic problems. Treatment planning is based on the results of isotope scanning, clinical findings and patient age. Single photon emission tomography(SPECT) is considered to be a sensitive method in the calculation of condylar uptake differences.Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the growth activity occurring in the mandibular condyles, and to devise an index of side-to-side differences in condylar activity in different individuals.Material and Methods: 38 patients, with an age range of 13 to 34 years, undergoing skeletal scintigraphy for a variety of conditions, were chosen for this study. 25 mci TC-99 was injected to all subjects in order to assess the difference between right (Rt) andleft (Lt) condylar uptake percentage and to calculate the Lt to Rt condylar uptake ratio.The normal index was determined.Results: The maximum amount of difference between the uptake of Rt and Lt condyles was 6.2 percent (Lt side and Rt side were 53.1 % and 46.9 %, respectively) in the male patients and 5.7 percent in the female patients (Lt side and Rt side were 52.85 % and 47.15 %, respectively). The condylar activity difference and ratio of Lt to Rt condylar uptakes did not show a significant difference between the male and female groups.Conclusion: The difference between the growth activity of RT and LT normal TMJs was less than 6.2 percent

Phenobarbital versus morphine in the management of neonatal abstinence syndrome, a randomized control trial

BACKGROUNDS: Evaluating the efficacy of the loading and tapering dose of Phenobarbital versus oral Morphine in the management of NAS. METHODS: This randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted on 60 neonates born to illicit drugs dependent mothers at Vali-Asr and Akbar-Abadi hospitals, Tehran, Iran, who exhibited NAS requiring medical therapy. The neonates were randomized to receive either: Oral Morphine Sulfate or a loading dose of Phenobarbital followed by a tapering dose. The duration of treatment required for NAS resolution, the total hospital stay and the requirement for additional second line treatment were compared between the treatment groups. RESULTS: The Mean ± Standard Deviation for the duration of treatment required for the resolution of NAS was 8.5 ± 5 days in the Morphine group and 8.5 ± 4 days in the Phenobarbital group (P = 0.9). The duration of total hospital stay was 12.6 ± 5.6 days in the Morphine group and 12.5 ± 5.3 days in the Phenobarbital group (P = 0.7). 3.3 % in the Morphine group versus 6.6 % in the Phenobarbital group required adjunctive treatment (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the duration of treatment, duration of hospital stay, and the requirement for adjunctive treatment, between the neonates with NAS who received Morphine Sulfate and neonates who received a loading and tapering dose of Phenobarbital