78 research outputs found
The 5.2Â ka climate event: Evidence from stable isotope and multi-proxy palaeoecological peatland records in Ireland
AbstractEvidence for a major climate event at 5.2 ka has been reported globally and is associated with considerable societal disruption, but is poorly characterised in northwest Europe. This event forms part of a broader period of re-organisation in the Earth's ocean-atmosphere circulation system between 6 and 5 ka. This study tests the nature and timing of the event in northwest Europe, a region highly sensitive to change in meridional overturning circulation and mid-latitude westerly airflow. Here we report three high-resolution Irish multi-proxy records obtained from ombrotrophic peatlands that have robust chronological frameworks. We identify the 5.2 ka event by a sustained decrease in δ18Ocellulose at all three sites, with additional and parallel changes in δ13Ccellulose and palaeoecological (testate amoebae, plant macrofossil and humification) data from two sites in northern Ireland. Data from Sluggan Moss demonstrate a particularly coherent shift towards wetter conditions. These data support the hypothesis that the event was caused by a prolonged period of positive North Atlantic Oscillation conditions, resulting in pervasive cyclonic weather patterns across northwest Europe, increasing precipitation over Ireland
The maximum number of infected individuals in SIS epidemic models: Computational techniques and quasi-stationary distributions
We study the maximumn umber of infected individuals observed during an epidemic for a Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible (SIS) model which corresponds to a birth–death process with an absorbing state. We develop computational schemes for the corresponding distributions in a transient regime and till absorption. Moreover, we study the distribution of the current number of infectedindividuals given that the maximum number during the epidemic has not exceeded a given threshold. In this sense, some quasi-stationary distributions of a related process are also discussed
High-throughput automated scoring of Ki67 in breast cancer tissue microarrays from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC)
Automated methods are needed to facilitate high-throughput and reproducible scoring of Ki67 and
other markers in breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) in large-scale studies. To address this need,
we developed an automated protocol for Ki67 scoring and evaluated its performanc
The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement:208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder
Background: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. Methods: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. Results: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. Conclusions: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.</p
Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study
A41 Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study
In: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 2017, 12(Suppl 1): A4
Forecasting the motion of North Atlantic tropical cyclones by the objective MOHATT scheme
An objective scheme for forecasting the
motion of tropical cyclones (MOHATT) , under development
since 1967 by the U.S. Navy Fleet Numerical
Weather Central and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School,
Monterey, Calif., is described and applied to the 1967-71
North Atlantic tropical cyclones for forecast intervals up
to 72 hr. The MOHATT scheme involves steering of the
center of the cyclone by geostrophic winds derived from
heavily smoothed isobaric height fields (both analyzed and
prognostic) and a statistical correction determined by the
behavior of the first 12 hr of the steering forecast. The
developmental sample (1967-70) used to establish the
potential accuracy of MOHATT indicates 700 mb as the
optimum steering level, but the fully operational test in
1971 suggests that the 850-mb level may be an improvement
for forecast intervals beyond 36 hr
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