Effects of exercise and physical activity promotion : meta-analysis informing the 2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and hip/knee osteoarthritis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity (PA) promotion on cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, neuromotor performance (eg, balance) and daily PA in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and hip/knee osteoarthritis (HOA/KOA). Methods systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were performed searching the databases PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, Emcare and PsycInfo until April 2017. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults (≥18 years) with RA, SpA and HOA/KOA, investigating the effects of exercise or PA promotion according to the public health PA recommendations by the American College of Sports Medicine. The time point of interest was the first assessment after the intervention period. If suitable, data were pooled in a MA using a random-effects model presented as standardised mean difference (SMD). Results The SR included 63 RCTs, of which 49 (3909 people with RA/SpA/HOA/KOA) were included in the MA. Moderate effects were found of aerobic exercises and resistance training on cardiovascular fitness (SMD 0.56 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.75)) and muscle strength (SMD 0.54 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.72)), respectively, but no effect of combined strength/aerobic/flexibility exercises on flexibility (SMD 0.12 (95% CI -0.16 to 0.41)). PA promotion interventions produced a small increase in PA behaviour (SMD 0.21 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.38)). Conclusion Exercises and PA promotion according to public health recommendations for PA improved cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength and PA behaviour, with moderate effect sizes in people with SpA, RA and HOA/KOA.Peer reviewe

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA POSTER TERHADAP AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA (Penelitian Kuasi Eksperimen Kelas V SD Negeri Bojongasih 01 Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot Kabupaten Bandung)

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Poster Terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa”. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas V SD Negeri Bojongasih 01. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini didasari temuan dalam kegiatan observasi pembelajaran dimana pembelajaran kurang melibatkan siswa, kemudian minimnya media pembelajaran yang digunakan ketika kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen, dimana satu kelas merupakan kelas kontrol, dan satu kelas merupakan kelas eksperimen. Pada kelas eksperimen dilakukan tindakan dengan menggunakan media poster sebagai media pembelajaran. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan soal tes tertulis. Lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengukur aktivitas siswa di dalam kelas, sedangkan soal tes tertulis digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media poster dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa. Aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media poster dikategorikan baik, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari banyaknya jumlah siswa aktif pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Kemudian hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media poster menujukkan rata-rata sebesar 79.1 dimana sebanyak 78% siswa dikatakan tuntas. Berdasarkan data yang sudah diperoleh, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media poster dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa SD Negeri Bojongasih 01. Kata kunci : Media poster, aktivitas belajar, hasil belaja

2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis

Regular physical activity (PA) is increasingly promoted for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases as well as the general population. We evaluated if the public health recommendations for PA are applicable for people with inflammatory arthritis (iA; Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis) and osteoarthritis (hip/knee OA) in order to develop evidence-based recommendations for advice and guidance on PA in clinical practice. The EULAR standardised operating procedures for the development of recommendations were followed. A task force (TF) (including rheumatologists, other medical specialists and physicians, health professionals, patient-representatives, methodologists) from 16 countries met twice. In the first TF meeting, 13 research questions to support a systematic literature review (SLR) were identified and defined. In the second meeting, the SLR evidence was presented and discussed before the recommendations, research agenda and education agenda were formulated. The TF developed and agreed on four overarching principles and 10 recommendations for PA in people with iA and OA. The mean level of agreement between the TF members ranged between 9.8 and 8.8. Given the evidence for its effectiveness, feasibility and safety, PA is advocated as integral part of standard care throughout the course of these diseases. Finally, the TF agreed on related research and education agendas. Evidence and expert opinion inform these recommendations to provide guidance in the development, conduct and evaluation of PA-interventions and promotion in people with iA and OA. It is advised that these recommendations should be implemented considering individual needs and national health systems.EULA

Instrument selection for the ASAS core outcome set for axial spondyloarthritis

OBJECTIVES: To define the instruments for the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society-Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology (ASAS-OMERACT) core domain set for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: An international working group representing key stakeholders selected the core outcome instruments following a predefined process: (1) identifying candidate instruments using a systematic literature review; (2) reducing the list of candidate instruments by the working group, (3) assessing the instruments' psychometric properties following OMERACT filter 2.2, (4) selection of the core instruments by the working group and (5) voting and endorsement by ASAS. RESULTS: The updated core set for axSpA includes seven instruments for the domains that are mandatory for all trials: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score and Numerical Rate Scale (NRS) patient global assessment of disease activity, NRS total back pain, average NRS of duration and severity of morning stiffness, NRS fatigue, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Function Index and ASAS Health Index. There are 9 additional instruments considered mandatory for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) trials: MRI activity Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) sacroiliac joints and SPARCC spine, uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis assessed as recommended by ASAS, 44 swollen joint count, Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score, dactylitis count and modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score. The imaging outcomes are considered mandatory to be included in at least one trial for a drug tested for properties of DMARD. Furthermore, 11 additional instruments were also endorsed by ASAS, which can be used in axSpA trials on top of the core instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The selection of the instruments for the ASAS-OMERACT core domain set completes the update of the core outcome set for axSpA, which should be used in all trials

Development of quality indicators for physiotherapy care

Quality indicators are indirect measures of quality within an area. The development of quality indicators is based on transparent and systematic methods where professional as well as value-based considerations are combined. It is recommended to use a formalized consensus process; the RAND/UCLA method. The aim is that final indicators are assessed according to relevance, utility, evidence and feasibility. Quality indicators may be useful tools when describing and evaluating quality in physiotherapy care to different patients groups. It is required that both patients and physiotherapists participate in all stages of the development process, in order to secure legitimacy. The article describes the different stages in a developmental process. The preparation of quality indicators for physiotherapy to patients with spondyloarthritis is used as an illustration

Reliability and screening ability of the StarT Back screening tool in patients with low back pain in physiotherapy practice, a cohort study

Background Low back pain (LBP) is the most common reported musculoskeletal disorder, with large prevalence numbers and high costs. Focus on early identification of patients at risk of developing chronic LBP has increased. The Keele Start Back Tool (SBT) is a questionnaire aiming at screening prognostic indicators in LBP patients, categorizing patients into risk-groups and guide treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the Norwegian version of the SBT with regard to reliability of the SBT-scoring and the screening ability in LBP patients in primary care physiotherapy. Methods LBP patients answered a package of questionnaires twice, with 1-3 days in between, containing SBT, Hannover functional ability questionnaire, pain intensity questions and demographics. The relative and absolute reliability of SBT was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the smallest detectable change respectively. Independent sample t-tests were used for group comparisons. Results Fifty-two patients with LBP. Mean age (SD) was 45 (12) years and 62% were female. The ICC (95% CI) for SBT total score and psychosocial subscore was 0.89 (0.82, 0.94) and 0.82 (0.70, 0.90) respectively. None of the participants were allocated to the high risk group. The medium risk group reported significantly more pain last week and more activity limitations than the low risk group at both test and retest (0.001 ≤ p ≤ 0.003), whereas no significant difference between the groups was found on pain now (0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.16). Conclusions The Norwegian version of the SBT was reliable and the screening ability was good as the subgrouping of patients into risk-groups reflected the severity of their back problems. The SBT may be an applicable and useful tool in physiotherapy practice

A Norwegian multidisciplinary in-patient rehabilitation program for patients with ankylosing spondylitis

- This article describes a three-week inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), developed at Lillehammer Hospital of Rheumatic Diseases. The program is based on modern rehabilitation principles, with the patient playing an active role in goal setting and planning the rehabilitation process. - AS is a chronic rheumatic disease resulting in pain and stiffening of the spine and hip. National and international recommendations for management of patients with AS are established, concluding that physiotherapy and exercises together with adequate medication are the cornerstones of the treatment. Living with a rheumatic disease implies a significant burden in several aspects of life, and despite the recent development of effective pharmacological treatment, many patients need help to limit the negative consequences of a life-long disease. A multidisciplinary, in-patient rehabilitation program, based on the patients individual goals, is therefore developed at Lillehammer. - Through an individually adapted process, the rehabilitation program aims at establishing a good basis for exercise and active coping strategies. A patient-specific instrument is used for establishing the patients prioritised areas of activity problems, and a core-set of disease specific outcome measures are used for assessing and monitoring physical function and disease activity. - The process of development and description of the rehabilitation program has resulted in improvements of the different elements of the multidisciplinary program and, further, that the multidisciplinary team experiences an enhanced understanding of the total rehabilitation process

Obesity Increases Disease Activity of Norwegian Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis Survey

Objective - To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as the association between body mass index (BMI) and disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods - Norwegian axSpA patients from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) survey were included in this analysis. Sociodemographic, anthropomorphic, and disease-related variables (HLA-B27, comorbidities, BASDAI, and self-reported spinal stiffness) were reported. Patients were categorized into under/normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Results - Of the 509 participants in the EMAS survey, 35% were categorized as under/normal weight, 39% overweight, and 26% obese. Compared to under/normal-weight patients, overweight patients had significantly higher degree of spinal stiffness (mean (SD) 7.91 ± 2.02 vs 7.48 (2.15) and number of comorbidities (2.45 ± 2.11, vs 1.94), both p < 0.001. Obese patients had significantly higher disease activity (BASDAI mean (SD) 5.87 ± 1.78 vs 4.99 ± 2.08, p < 0.001), degree of spinal stiffness (8.18 ± 2.03 vs 7.48 ± 2.15, p = 0.006), and number of comorbidities (3.43 ± 2.43 vs 1.94. ± .38, p < 0.001) than under/normal weight patients. After adjusting for gender and age, obesity proved to be independently associated with disease activity. Conclusion - Obesity was associated with higher reported BASDAI score, and being overweight or obese was associated with a higher degree of spinal stiffness and number of comorbidities compared to under/normal weight respondents. The results highlight the serious impact of obesity on health status, and obesity should therefore be considered as a modifiable risk factor for disease activity within the disease management of axSpA