Organizational attractiveness: a scale adaptation study

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Highhouse vd. (2003) tarafından geliştirilen Örgütsel Çekicilik Ölçeğini (ÖÇÖ) Türkçe’ye kazandırmak ve geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktır. Ölçek, öncelikle araştırmacılar ve bir dil uzmanı tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş, ardından ifadeler iki dilli 15 uzmanın görüşüne başvurularak dil ve anlam uygunluğu bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Öneriler doğrultusunda son şeklini alan Türkçe form iki aşamada uygulanmıştır. İlk aşamada, test-tekrar test güvenirliğini sınamak amacıyla ölçek iki hafta ara ile 50 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Test tekrar-test güvenirlik katsayısı birincil değerlendirme için 0,85, ikincil değerlendirme için 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulamanın ikinci aşamasında anket 257 öğrenciye uygulanarak ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ÖÇÖ’nün özgün ölçekte olduğu gibi üç faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hiçbir madde atılmadan 15 madde ile üç boyutu ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek elde edilmiştir.The purpose of the study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the organizational attractiveness scale which is developed by Highhouse et al. (2003) in Turkey. The 15 item scale was first translated into Turkish by researchers and one language expert, and then, translated sentences evaluated by 15 bilingual experts in terms of expression and linguistic suitability. In compliance with suggestions, the Turkish form was finalized and implemented in two stages. In the first stage, in order to analyze the reliability of test re-test, the scale was implemented with 50 students twice within two weeks and the reliability coefficient was found as 0,85 and 0,89 respectively. In the second stage, the scale was implemented with 257 students and the Cronbach Alpha was found as 0,89. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Organizational Attractiveness Scale has a three dimensional structure as it is in the original form. Without excluding any items, a valid and reliable scale which consists of three dimensions and fifteen items were obtained

Sex difference and menstrual cycle effects on semantic priming and rememberingAnlamsal hazırlama ve hatırlamada cinsiyet farkı ve menstural dönem etkileri

Purpose: It is known that women and men may have different performance in some cognitive tasks and different hemispheric specializations. However, results of the sex difference studies are not always consistent. Recent studies indicate that some cognitive abilities of women fluctuate throughout menstrual cycle. In this study, it is aimed to find out if men and women in ovulation and menstruation phases perform differently in semantic priming (SP) task and remembering task. Additionally, it is aimed to find out if there is any hemispheric specialization in SP. Methods: Seventy two women and 29 men undergraduate students participated to the study. Two pictures were presented successively to participants for SP. The first picture was presented for 100 msec on the left-side, right-side or the center of the screen according to the experimental condition by using visual half-field technique and the second picture was presented on the center. Participants were required to report if two pictures were related or unrelated. After the SP task, participants chose stimuli that they had rememberred from a list of the stimuli in the experiment in one-minute period.Findings: Results indicated that all groups had shown SP and there was no hemispheric specialization. Men responded related pictures faster than women in ovulation period however, no difference was observed between men and women in menstruation phase. Similarly, men remembered more stimuli than the women in ovulation phase. But no difference was observed between the number of stimuli remembered by the men and women in menstruation phase.Discussion and Conclusion: Generally findings indicated that cognitive sex differences might change according to the menstrual phase of women and these cyclical changes should be considered in reviewing the results of sex difference studies or conducting new research. It was proposed that cyclical cognitive sex differences might be related to hormonal levels those fluctuate across the menstrual cycle. The findings were discussed in the context of the negative effects of increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) levels on attentional and executive functions in both ovulatory phase and Alzheimer’s disease. ÖzetAmaç: Kadınların ve erkeklerin bazı bilişsel işlemlerde ve hemisferik özelleşmelerde farklılık gösterdiği; buna karşın, cinsiyet farklılıklarına ilişkin çalışmaların her zaman çok tutarlı olmadığı bilinmektedir. Son dönemlerde yapılan çalışmalar, kadınlardaki bilişsel becerilerin menstural döneme bağlı olarak dalgalanma gösterebildiğine işaret etmiştir. Sunulan çalışmada erkeklerin ve farklı menstural dönemdeki kadınların (yumurtlama ve mensturasyon) anlamsal hazırlama (AH) ve hatırlama görevindeki peformansları yönünden farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca AH görevinde cinsiyete özgü hemisferik özelleşme olup olmadığı incelenmiştir.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 72 kadın ve 29 erkek üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. AH görevi için katılımcılara arka arkaya iki resim gösterilmiştir. Görsel-yarı alan tekniği kullanılarak ve deney gruplarına uygun olarak ilk resim sol görsel alanda, sağ görsel alanda ya da merkezde100ms sunulmuş; katılımcılardan merkezde sunulan birinci resimle ikinci resmin ilişkili olup olmadığını belirtmeleri istenmiştir. AH görevinin ardından katılımcılara deneydeki uyarıcıların bir listesi verilmiş ve bunun içinden hatırladıklarını bir dakikalık sürede işartlemeleri istenmiştir.Bulgular: Tüm gruplarda AH etkisinin olduğu; ancak bu göreve ilişkin bir hemisferik özelleşmenin olmadığı bulunmuştur. Erkekler ilişkili resimleri yumurtlama dönemindeki kadınlardan daha hızlı değerlendirirken, mensturasyon dönemindeki kadınlarla böyle bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Benzer şekilde erkeklerin hatırladıkları genel uyarıcı ve ilişkisiz uyarıcı sayısı, yumurtlama dönemindeki kadınlardan daha fazlayken, mensturasyon dönemindeki kadınlarla erkekler arasında hatırlanan uyarıcı sayısı bakımından bir farklılık bulunmamıştır.Tartışma ve Sonuç: Genel olarak bulgular, bilişsel görevlerde gözlenen cinsiyet farklılıklarının kadının içerisinde bulunduğu menstural döneme bağlı olarak değişebileceğini; cinsiyet farkı çalışmalarının sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesinde ve yeni çalışmaların kurgulanmasında bu dönemsel değişimin göz önünde bulundurulmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. İncelenen görevlerdeki cinsiyet farkının menstural döneme bağlı olarak değişmesinin kadındaki döngüsel hormon düzeyleri ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Özellikle kadınların yumurtlama döneminde erkeklerden daha düşük performans göstermesi, kadınlarda yumurtlama döneminde yükselen ve Alzheimer hastalarında da yükseldiği bilinen luteinizing hormonun (LH) bellek ve yürütücü işlevler üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir

İkinci Derece Örtük Gelişme Modelleri ve Ölçme Eşdeğerliği

Research problems related to individuals’ behaviors and attitudes requires examining inevitable changes over time. Because learning by nature implies change, analysis of longitudinal data becomes an important topic especially in the field of education. In this article, linear changes of a particular attribute over time was studied in the framework of the second order latent growth models by using data generated from Monte Carlo simulation. All analyses were performed by using Mplus 5.1 software. Related Mplus syntaxes were introduced and the interpretation of the model parameters was discussed. Additionally, it was explained how to study measurement equivalence in these models. Analyses were performed in three steps: (1) basic latent growth model, (2) latent growth model with weak measurement equivalence, and (3) strong measurement equivalence.Bireylerin davranış ya da tutumlarına ilişkin birçok araştırma problemi, zamandaki değişimin incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Öğrenme konusunun, değişim kavramından ayrı tutulamayacağı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, özellikle eğitim alanında bu tarz araştırmaların desenlenmesi, bu alandaki bilgilerimizin zenginleşmesine önemli katkılarda bulunacaktır. Bu çalışmada belirli bir özelliğin zaman içerisindeki doğrusal değişimi, Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile üretilmiş veri seti kullanılarak, ikinci derece örtük gelişme modelleri kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Analizlerin tümünde Mplus 5.1 programı kullanılmış; ilgili Mplus sentaksları açıklanmış ve model parametrelerinin yorumlanması üzerinde durulmuştur. Sunulan çalışmada ek olarak, örtük gelişme modellerinde ölçme eşdeğerliğinin nasıl test edileceği açıklanmıştır. Üretilen veri seti için analizler (1) temel örtük gelişme modeli, (2) örtük gelişme modelinde zayıf ölçme eşdeğerliği ve (3) örtük gelişme modelinde güçlü ölçme eşdeğerliği olmak üzere üç aşamada yapılmıştır

Örgütsel Çekicilik : Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması

The purpose of the study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the organizational attractiveness scale which is developed by Highhouse et al. (2003) in Turkey. The 15 item scale was first translated into Turkish by researchers and one language expert, and then, translated sentences evaluated by 15 bilingual experts in terms of expression and linguistic suitability. In compliance with suggestions, the Turkish form was finalized and implemented in two stages. In the first stage, in order to analyze the reliability of test re-test, the scale was implemented with 50 students twice within two weeks and the reliability coefficient was found as 0,85 and 0,89 respectively. In the second stage, the scale was implemented with 257 students and the Cronbach Alpha was found as 0,89. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Organizational Attractiveness Scale has a three dimensional structure as it is in the original form. Without excluding any items, a valid and reliable scale which consists of three dimensions and fifteen items were obtained.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Highhouse vd. (2003) tarafından geliştirilen Örgütsel Çekicilik Ölçeğini (ÖÇÖ) Türkçe’ye kazandırmak ve geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktır. Ölçek, öncelikle araştırmacılar ve bir dil uzmanı tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş, ardından ifadeler iki dilli 15 uzmanın görüşüne başvurularak dil ve anlam uygunluğu bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Öneriler doğrultusunda son şeklini alan Türkçe form iki aşamada uygulanmıştır. İlk aşamada, test-tekrar test güvenirliğini sınamak amacıyla ölçek iki hafta ara ile 50 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Test tekrar-test güvenirlik katsayısı birincil değerlendirme için 0,85, ikincil değerlendirme için 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulamanın ikinci aşamasında anket 257 öğrenciye uygulanarak ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ÖÇÖ’nün özgün ölçekte olduğu gibi üç faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hiçbir madde atılmadan 15 madde ile üç boyutu ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek elde edilmiştir

Örgütsel Çekicilik : Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması

The purpose of the study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the organizational attractiveness scale which is developed by Highhouse et al. (2003) in Turkey. The 15 item scale was first translated into Turkish by researchers and one language expert, and then, translated sentences evaluated by 15 bilingual experts in terms of expression and linguistic suitability. In compliance with suggestions, the Turkish form was finalized and implemented in two stages. In the first stage, in order to analyze the reliability of test re-test, the scale was implemented with 50 students twice within two weeks and the reliability coefficient was found as 0,85 and 0,89 respectively. In the second stage, the scale was implemented with 257 students and the Cronbach Alpha was found as 0,89. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Organizational Attractiveness Scale has a three dimensional structure as it is in the original form. Without excluding any items, a valid and reliable scale which consists of three dimensions and fifteen items were obtained.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Highhouse vd. (2003) tarafından geliştirilen Örgütsel Çekicilik Ölçeğini (ÖÇÖ) Türkçe’ye kazandırmak ve geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktır. Ölçek, öncelikle araştırmacılar ve bir dil uzmanı tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş, ardından ifadeler iki dilli 15 uzmanın görüşüne başvurularak dil ve anlam uygunluğu bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Öneriler doğrultusunda son şeklini alan Türkçe form iki aşamada uygulanmıştır. İlk aşamada, test-tekrar test güvenirliğini sınamak amacıyla ölçek iki hafta ara ile 50 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Test tekrar-test güvenirlik katsayısı birincil değerlendirme için 0,85, ikincil değerlendirme için 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulamanın ikinci aşamasında anket 257 öğrenciye uygulanarak ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ÖÇÖ’nün özgün ölçekte olduğu gibi üç faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hiçbir madde atılmadan 15 madde ile üç boyutu ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek elde edilmiştir

Compatibility Between Physical Stimulus Size – Spatial Position and False Recognitions

Magnitude processing is of great interest to researchers because it requires integration of quantity related information in memory regardless of whether the focus is numerical or non-numerical magnitudes. The previous work has suggested an interplay between pre-existing semantic information about number–space relationship in processes of encoding and recall. Investigation of the compatibility between physical stimulus size – spatial position and false recognition may provide valuable information about the cognitive representation of non-numerical magnitudes. Therefore, we applied a false memory procedure to a series of non-numerical stimulus pairs. Three versions of the pairs were used: big-right (a big character on the right/a small character on the left), big-left (a big character on the left/a small character on the right), and equal-sized (an equal sized character on each side). In the first phase, participants (N = 100) received 27 pairs, with nine pairs from each experimental condition. In the second phase, nine pairs from each of three stimulus categories were presented: (1) original pairs that were presented in the first phase, (2) mirrored pairs that were horizontally flipped versions of the pairs presented in the first phase, and (3) novel pairs that had not been presented before. The participants were instructed to press “YES” for the pairs that they remembered seeing before and to press “NO” for the pairs that they did not remember from the first phase. The results indicated that the participants made more false-alarm responses by responding “yes” to the pairs with the bigger one on the right. Moreover, they responded to the previously seen figures with the big one on the right faster compared to their distracting counterparts. The study provided evidence for the relationship between stimulus physical size and how they processed spatially by employing a false memory procedure. We offered a size–space compatibility account based on the congruency between the short- and long-term associations which produce local compatibilities. Accordingly, the compatible stimuli in the learning phase might be responsible for the interference, reflecting a possible short-term interference effect on congruency between the short- and long-term associations. Clearly, future research is required to test this speculative position

The efficacy of three regimes of uterotonic agents for prevention of postpartum blood loss at undergoing cesarean section: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of three regimes of uterotonic agents on PPH in women undergoing cesarean section in our RCT. Material and methods: This study was a randomized controlled study (NCT05083910) performed at the Bezmialem Vakif University between July 2021 and January 2022. All women were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (n = 52) — oxytocin only; Group II (n = 52) — the combination of oxytocin plus intrauterine misoprostol; Group III (n = 52) — carbetocin only. The primary outcome measures were: PPH to evaluate with the change between the concentrations of preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and intraoperative blood loss. Results: The blood loss characteristics, including the change in hemoglobin and the change in hematocrit concentration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative additional hemostatic uterine sutures and the need for additional uterotonics, were lowest in group III, although all groups were comparable in terms of blood loss parameters. Group III had the highest blood loss ratio, exceeding 1000 mL. For the combination of oxytocin and intrauterine misoprostol, the ARR was 3.8% (95% CI 20.02–12.33), with a RR of 1.18 (95% CI 0.58–2.39) and a NNT of 26 (95% CI 8.1–4.9); for carbetocin, the ARR was 5.8% (95% CI 22.15–10.61), with a RR of 1.27 (95% CI 0.63–2.53) and a NNT of 17 (95% CI 9.41–4.51). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that carbetocin shows no superiority in the prevention of PPH in women undergoing cesarean section. Oxytocin still seems to be a highly effective alternative to prevent PPH

Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world

Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) Across 37 Languages

Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure

Global study of social odor awareness

Olfaction plays an important role in human social communication, including multiple domains in which people often rely on their sense of smell in the social context. The importance of the sense of smell and its role can however vary inter-individually and culturally. Despite the growing body of literature on differences in olfactory performance or hedonic preferences across the globe, the aspects of a given culture as well as culturally universal individual differences affecting odor awareness in human social life remain unknown. Here, we conducted a large-scale analysis of data collected from 10,794 participants from 52 study sites from 44 countries all over the world. The aim of our research was to explore the potential individual and country-level correlates of odor awareness in the social context. The results show that the individual characteristics were more strongly related than country-level factors to self-reported odor awareness in different social contexts. A model including individual-level predictors (gender, age, material situation, education and preferred social distance) provided a relatively good fit to the data, but adding country-level predictors (Human Development Index, population density and average temperature) did not improve model parameters. Although there were some cross-cultural differences in social odor awareness, the main differentiating role was played by the individual differences. This suggests that people living in different cultures and different climate conditions may still share some similar patterns of odor awareness if they share other individual-level characteristics