Loss of p27/Kip1 promotes metaplasia in the pancreas via the regulation of Sox9 expression.

p27Kip1 (p27) is a negative regulator of proliferation and a tumor suppressor via the inhibition of cyclin-CDK activity in the nucleus. p27 is also involved in the regulation of other cellular processes, including transcription by acting as a transcriptional co-repressor. Loss of p27 expression is frequently observed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas in human and is associated with decreased patient survival. Similarly, in a mouse model of K-Ras-driven pancreatic cancer, loss of p27 accelerates tumor development and shortens survival, suggesting an important role for p27 in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Here, we sought to determine how p27 might contribute to early events leading to tumor development in the pancreas. We found that K-Ras activation in the pancreas causes p27 mislocalization at pre-neoplastic stages. Moreover, loss of p27 or expression of a mutant p27 that does not bind cyclin-CDKs causes the mislocalization of several acinar polarity markers associated with metaplasia and induces the nuclear expression of Sox9 and Pdx1 two transcription factors involved in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Finally, we found that p27 directly represses transcription of Sox9, but not that of Pdx1. Thus, our results suggest that K-Ras activation, the earliest known event in pancreatic carcinogenesis, may cause loss of nuclear p27 expression which results in derepression of Sox9, triggering reprogramming of acinar cells and metaplasia

Cellular signaling and protein complexes formation during neonatal rat cardiomyocytes stretch

L'étirement est un stimulus hypertrophique qui active de nombreuses voies de signalisation similaires à celles mises en évidence lors de l'étude de l'hypertrophie cellulaire. L'objectif principal de mon travail de thèse était de caractériser les évènements moléculaires impliqués dans l'activation des MAPKinases (MAPK), ERK et JNK lors de l'étirement. Nous avons étudié ces protéines par 2 approches différentes. D'une part, nous nous sommes intéressés aux rôles de protéines potentiellement nécessaires à l'activation des MAPK. D'autre part, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence des interconnexions moléculaires entre les différentes voies de signalisation activées par l'étirement cellulaire, en montrant notamment la formation de complexes protéiques nécessaires à l'activation des différents partenaires. Nous montrons ainsi que deux protéines à activité tyrosine kinase, l'Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) et la Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), sont respectivement nécessaires à l'activation de ERK et de JNK lors de l'étirement. Ces cascades de transduction peuvent être dépendantes de la petite protéine G Ras. Bien que les voies des MAPK et de PI3K/Akt soient considérées comme indépendantes, nous montrons également que Akt participe à l'activation de ERK par l'étirement. Enfin, nous avons montré la formation d'un complexe Protein Kinase C (PKC)/Calcineurine nécessaire à l'activation et à la translocation de la PKC lors de l'étirement. Cette étude de différentes voies de signalisation et des interactions protéiques apporte une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes activés par l'étirement cellulaire et permet donc de mieux comprendre la signalisation impliquée dans l'hypertrophie ventriculaireCardiomyocyte stretch is a major determinant of ventricular hypertrophy. It stimulates numerous signalling pathways leading to the Mitogen Activated Protein kinases (MAPK) activation. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the molecular events involved in MAPK ERK and JNK activations during stretch. We studied these pathways by 2 different approaches. We analysed the role of several pivotal proteins involved in ERK and JNK activations and next we evaluated the molecular interactions between different signalling pathways by protein complexes formation induced by stretch and necessary for protein activations. We show that 2 tyrosine Kinases, the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and the Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) are necessary for ERK and JNK activations respectively during stretch with a possible involvement of the small G protein Ras. MAPK and PI3/Akt pathways are generally considered independent but we show that ERK activation is PI3K/Akt dependent during stretch. Thus, we demonstrate that 2 other pathways are associated since PKC and calcineurin form a complex necessary for PKC activation and translocation. This study of signalling pathways and protein interactions sheds a new light on intracellular pathways leading to MAPK activation and may have implications for the development of new drugs in the management of cardiac hypertrophy and failur

Signalisation cellulaire et formation de complexes protéiques lors de l'étirement des cardiomyocytes de rats nouveaux-nés

L'étirement est un stimulus hypertrophique qui active de nombreuses voies de signalisation similaires à celles mises en évidence lors de l'étude de l'hypertrophie cellulaire. L objectif principal de mon travail de thèse était de caractériser les évènements moléculaires impliqués dans l activation des MAPKinases (MAPK), ERK et JNK lors de l étirement. Nous avons étudié ces protéines par 2 approches différentes. D une part, nous nous sommes intéressés aux rôles de protéines potentiellement nécessaires à l activation des MAPK. D autre part, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence des interconnexions moléculaires entre les différentes voies de signalisation activées par l étirement cellulaire, en montrant notamment la formation de complexes protéiques nécessaires à l activation des différents partenaires. Nous montrons ainsi que deux protéines à activité tyrosine kinase, l Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) et la Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), sont respectivement nécessaires à l activation de ERK et de JNK lors de l étirement. Ces cascades de transduction peuvent être dépendantes de la petite protéine G Ras. Bien que les voies des MAPK et de PI3K/Akt soient considérées comme indépendantes, nous montrons également que Akt participe à l activation de ERK par l étirement. Enfin, nous avons montré la formation d un complexe Protein Kinase C (PKC)/Calcineurine nécessaire à l activation et à la translocation de la PKC lors de l étirement. Cette étude de différentes voies de signalisation et des interactions protéiques apporte une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes activés par l'étirement cellulaire et permet donc de mieux comprendre la signalisation impliquée dans l'hypertrophie ventriculaireCardiomyocyte stretch is a major determinant of ventricular hypertrophy. It stimulates numerous signalling pathways leading to the Mitogen Activated Protein kinases (MAPK) activation. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the molecular events involved in MAPK ERK and JNK activations during stretch. We studied these pathways by 2 different approaches. We analysed the role of several pivotal proteins involved in ERK and JNK activations and next we evaluated the molecular interactions between different signalling pathways by protein complexes formation induced by stretch and necessary for protein activations. We show that 2 tyrosine Kinases, the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and the Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) are necessary for ERK and JNK activations respectively during stretch with a possible involvement of the small G protein Ras. MAPK and PI3/Akt pathways are generally considered independent but we show that ERK activation is PI3K/Akt dependent during stretch. Thus, we demonstrate that 2 other pathways are associated since PKC and calcineurin form a complex necessary for PKC activation and translocation. This study of signalling pathways and protein interactions sheds a new light on intracellular pathways leading to MAPK activation and may have implications for the development of new drugs in the management of cardiac hypertrophy and failurePARIS-EST-Université (770839901) / SudocSudocFranceF

PKC-delta and PKC-epsilon: Foes of the same family or strangers?

International audienceProtein kinase C (PKC) is a family of 10 serine/threonine kinases divided into 3 subfamilies, classical, novel and atypical classes. Two PKC isozymes of the novel group, PKCε and PKCδ, have different and sometimes opposite effects. PKCε stimulates cell growth and differentiation while PKCδ is apoptotic. In the heart, they are among the most expressed PKC isozymes and they are opposed in the preconditioning process with a positive role of PKCε and an inhibiting role of PKCδ. The goal of this review is to analyze the structural differences of these 2 enzymes that may explain their different behaviors and properties

Loss of p27/Kip1 promotes metaplasia in the pancreas via the regulation of Sox9 expression.

p27Kip1 (p27) is a negative regulator of proliferation and a tumor suppressor via the inhibition of cyclin-CDK activity in the nucleus. p27 is also involved in the regulation of other cellular processes, including transcription by acting as a transcriptional co-repressor. Loss of p27 expression is frequently observed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas in human and is associated with decreased patient survival. Similarly, in a mouse model of K-Ras-driven pancreatic cancer, loss of p27 accelerates tumor development and shortens survival, suggesting an important role for p27 in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Here, we sought to determine how p27 might contribute to early events leading to tumor development in the pancreas. We found that K-Ras activation in the pancreas causes p27 mislocalization at pre-neoplastic stages. Moreover, loss of p27 or expression of a mutant p27 that does not bind cyclin-CDKs causes the mislocalization of several acinar polarity markers associated with metaplasia and induces the nuclear expression of Sox9 and Pdx1 two transcription factors involved in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Finally, we found that p27 directly represses transcription of Sox9, but not that of Pdx1. Thus, our results suggest that K-Ras activation, the earliest known event in pancreatic carcinogenesis, may cause loss of nuclear p27 expression which results in derepression of Sox9, triggering reprogramming of acinar cells and metaplasia

Carabin Protects Against Cardiac Hypertrophy by Blocking Calcineurin, Ras, and Ca 2+ /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II SignalingCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE

International audienc