Deconstructing Weight Management Interventions for Young Adults: Looking Inside the Black Box of the EARLY Consortium Trials.

ObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to deconstruct the 17 treatment arms used in the Early Adult Reduction of weight through LifestYle (EARLY) weight management trials.MethodsIntervention materials were coded to reflect behavioral domains and behavior change techniques (BCTs) within those domains planned for each treatment arm. The analytical hierarchy process was employed to determine an emphasis profile of domains in each intervention.ResultsThe intervention arms used BCTs from all of the 16 domains, with an average of 29.3 BCTs per intervention arm. All 12 of the interventions included BCTs from the six domains of Goals and Planning, Feedback and Monitoring, Social Support, Shaping Knowledge, Natural Consequences, and Comparison of Outcomes; 11 of the 12 interventions shared 15 BCTs in common across those six domains.ConclusionsWeight management interventions are complex. The shared set of BCTs used in the EARLY trials may represent a core intervention that could be studied to determine the required emphases of BCTs and whether additional BCTs add to or detract from efficacy. Deconstructing interventions will aid in reproducibility and understanding of active ingredients

How can weight-loss app designers' best engage and support users? A qualitative investigation

This is the peer reviewed version of the article, which has been published in final form at doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12114. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.This study explored young adults' experiences of using e-health internetbased computer or mobile phone applications (apps) and what they valued about those apps.NIH

Inovasi dan Pengembangan Fintech Syariah sebagai Solusi Keuangan Modern yang Berlandaskan Prinsip Syariah

Pesatnya perkembangan fintech Syariah di Indonesia, didorong oleh kemajuan teknologi dan tingginya populasi Muslim yang membutuhkan layanan keuangan yang sesuai dengan prinsip Islam. Fintech Syariah menawarkan alternatif yang bebas dari riba, gharar, dan maysir, namun masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama dalam hal literasi keuangan Syariah dan regulasi yang belum sepenuhnya mendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan manfaat yang luas, baik bagi akademisi, praktisi, pemerintah, maupun masyarakat umum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literatur review, yang melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis berbagai sumber sekunder seperti jurnal ilmiah, buku, laporan tahunan Fintech Syariah, serta regulasi yang diterbitkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Bank Indonesia (BI). Melalui analisis konten, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi oleh fintech Syariah dalam perkembangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun fintech Syariah memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan inklusi keuangan, hambatan regulasi dan rendahnya literasi keuangan Syariah menjadi kendala utama. Kesimpulannya, untuk memaksimalkan potensi fintech Syariah, diperlukan dukungan regulasi yang lebih fleksibel, peningkatan literasi keuangan Syariah, dan adopsi teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan transparansi layanan keuangan berbasis Syariah

Thermodynamic modelling of ultra-long-term durability of cementitious binders for waste immobilisation

Treatment of intermediate-level waste (ILW) generated as a by-product from nuclear power in the UK requires a long-term strategy to safely dispose of the waste. Encapsulation of ILW in a cement matrix is the current UK methodology, followed by storing the waste for potentially thousands of years in geological disposal facilities (GDFs). Understanding of the cement phase assemblage is key to predicting how these cements will behave in the long term. Thermodynamic modelling of cement hydrate phases is a powerful tool which can be used to predict the effects of cement hydration. This thesis investigates the quality of thermodynamic modelling to predict stable phase assemblages of blast furnace slag-Portland cement (BFS-PC) cements, representing UK nuclear industry practice, under conditions that are expected during the storage of encapsulated ILW. Three BFS-PC ratios (1:1, 3:1 and 9:1) were tested at different curing ages to determine the degree of hydration of the precursor materials to use as input parameters for thermodynamic modelling. Characterisation of the phase assemblages were compared to the thermodynamic modelling results to assess the robustness of the modelling approach. A solid solution model for C(-A)-S-H was used to explicitly incorporate aluminium into the C-S-H phase to more accurately portray the chemical structure in the BFS-PC system. Thermodynamic modelling was capable of accurately simulating the change in phase assemblage as curing time increased. Variation of precursor materials was effectively modelled. Temperature fluctuations are expected to occur within the GDF once the waste is stored within it. BFS-PC samples were cured for one year at 35 °C followed by periods of curing at 50 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C. Major phase changes were not observed until the curing temperature reached 60 °C, whereby hemicarbonate and ettringite destabilised. At a curing temperature of 80 °C, the sulphate and carbonate AFm and AFt phases were not observed in cement phase assemblages, however siliceous hydrogarnet was present. Two thermodynamic modelling approaches were used to simulate the effects of temperature change. It was determined that the thermodynamic simulation should not contain siliceous hydrogarnet when simulating BFS-PC hydration up to 60 °C but should contain siliceous hydrogarnet for higher temperatures. The Pitzer model used as a means to produce activity coefficients, was compared with the generalised dominant electrolyte activity model, Truesdell-Jones, to assess whether modelling of cement phases may be improved. A large ion-interaction parameter database was required to use the Pitzer model for simulating cement hydration. Solubility studies of cement phases and cement pore solution data were used as a means to compare the activity coefficient models. The more complex nature of the Pitzer model caused the simulations to require runtimes up to 18 times more than the Truesdell-Jones method. The pore solution of the BFS-PC systems was compared with the predictions from the activity coefficient models, which determined that the Pitzer model provided minimal improvement over the Truesdell-Jones method. However, the Pitzer model proved more effective for simulating higher concentration systems, therefore, the Pitzer model may be required in future modelling projects when simulating concentrated groundwater interactions with the cement wasteforms

Statin use and risk of developing diabetes: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program

Objective Several clinical trials of cardiovascular disease prevention with statins have reported increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with statin therapy. However, participants in these studies were at relatively low risk for diabetes. Further, diabetes was often based on self-report and was not the primary outcome. It is unknown whether statins similarly modify diabetes risk in higher risk populations. Research design and methods During the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (n=3234), the long-term follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of interventions to prevent T2DM, incident diabetes was assessed by annual 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing and semiannual fasting glucose. Lipid profile was measured annually, with statin treatment determined by a participant’s own physician outside of the protocol. Statin use was assessed at baseline and semiannual visits. Results At 10 years, the cumulative incidence of statin initiation prior to diabetes diagnosis was 33%–37% among the randomized treatment groups (p=0.36). Statin use was associated with greater diabetes risk irrespective of treatment group, with pooled HR (95% CI) for incident diabetes of 1.36 (1.17 to 1.58). This risk was not materially altered by adjustment for baseline diabetes risk factors and potential confounders related to indications for statin therapy. Conclusions In this population at high risk for diabetes, we observed significantly higher rates of diabetes with statin therapy in all three treatment groups. Confounding by indication for statin use does not appear to explain this relationship. The effect of statins to increase diabetes risk appears to extend to populations at high risk for diabetes. Trial registration number NCT00038727; Results

SISTEM BUDIDAYA JAMUR BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS GUNA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS PETANI JAMUR DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang mata pencaharian utamanya di sektor pertanian, salah satunya adalah budidaya jamur. Dalam budidaya jamur ini terdapat  beberapa kendala karena hingga saat ini sistem budidaya jamur masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Untuk memantau atau memonitoring keadaan suhu, kelembapan, kadar pH masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga kurang efektif dan efisien. Untuk membantu permasalahan tersebut, dikembangkan sistem budidaya jamur berbasis IoT (Internet of Things). Internet of Things adalah konsep yang memperluas manfaat konektivitas internet, memungkinkan untuk menghubungkan mesin, peralatan, dan objek fisik lainnya dengan jaringan sensor dan aktuator untuk memperoleh data dan mengelola kinerjanya sendiri. Dengan sistem ini, pemantauan jarak jauh terhadap sistem atau perangkat dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan media aplikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membangun perangkat aplikasi kontrol dengan Esp 8266 untuk mengakses kontrol lokal untuk memberikan informasi kepada petani melalui notifikasi dan pemberitahuan status suhu yang bisa turun atau naik dan petani dapat mengaktifkan semprotan untuk mengontrol suhu melalui smartphone. Kata kunci : Internet of Things (IoT), Monitoring, Budidaya Jamur, JamurIndonesia is one of the countries whose main livelihood is in the agricultural sector, one of which is mushroom cultivation. In mushroom cultivation there are several obstacles because until now the mushroom cultivation system is still done conventionally. To monitor or monitor the state of temperature, humidity, pH levels are still done manually so it is less effective and efficient. To help with this problem, an IoT (Internet of Things)-based mushroom cultivation system was developed. The Internet of Things is a concept that extends the benefits of internet connectivity, making it possible to connect machines, equipment and other physical objects with a network of sensors and actuators to acquire data and manage their own performance. With this system, remote monitoring of the system or device can be carried out using application media. This research was carried out by building a control application device with Esp 8266 to access local controls to provide information to farmers through notifications and notifications of temperature status that can go down or up and farmers can activate the spray to control the temperature via smartphone.Keywords : Internet of Things (IoT), Monitoring, Mushroom Cultivation, Mushroom

Determinants of diagnostic discordance for non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes using paired glycated haemoglobin measurements in a large English primary care population:cross-sectional study

Aim: To investigate factors influencing diagnostic discordance for non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Some 10 000 adults at increased risk of diabetes were screened with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The 2208 participants with initial HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (≥ 6.0%) or FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/l were retested after a median 40 days. We compared the first and second HbA1c results, and consequent diagnoses of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes, and investigated predictors of discordant diagnoses. Results: Of 1463 participants with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and 394 with Type 2 diabetes on first testing, 28.4% and 21.1% respectively had discordant diagnoses on repeated testing. Initial diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and/or impaired fasting glucose according to both HbA1c and FPG criteria, or to FPG only, made reclassification as Type 2 diabetes more likely than initial classification according to HbA1c alone. Initial diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes according to both HbA1c and FPG criteria made reclassification much less likely than initial classification according to HbA1c alone. Age, and anthropometric and biological measurements independently but inconsistently predicted discordant diagnoses and changes in HbA1c. Conclusions: Diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia or Type 2 diabetes with a single measurement of HbA1c in a screening programme for entry to diabetes prevention trials is unreliable. Diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes should be confirmed by repeat testing. FPG results could help prioritise retesting. These findings do not apply to people classified as normal on a single test, who were not retested

Predicting Bulk Average Velocity with Rigid Vegetation in Open Channels Using Tree‐Based Machine Learning: A Novel Approach Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Predicting the bulk-average velocity (U(B)) in open channels with rigid vegetation is complicated due to the non-linear nature of the parameters. Despite their higher accuracy, existing regression models fail to highlight the feature importance or causality of the respective predictions. Therefore, we propose a method to predict U(B) and the friction factor in the surface layer (f(S)) using tree-based machine learning (ML) models (decision tree, extra tree, and XGBoost). Further, Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) was used to interpret the ML predictions. The comparison emphasized that the XGBoost model is superior in predicting U(B) (R = 0.984) and f(S) (R = 0.92) relative to the existing regression models. SHAP revealed the underlying reasoning behind predictions, the dependence of predictions, and feature importance. Interestingly, SHAP adheres to what is generally observed in complex flow behavior, thus, improving trust in predictions

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Ancestry-Specific Genetic Variation Associated With Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in SUGAR-MGH

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Characterisation of genetic variation that influences the response to glucose-lowering medications is instrumental to precision medicine for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans (SUGAR-MGH) examined the acute response to metformin and glipizide in order to identify new pharmacogenetic associations for the response to common glucose-lowering medications in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: One thousand participants at risk for type 2 diabetes from diverse ancestries underwent sequential glipizide and metformin challenges. A genome-wide association study was performed using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array. Imputation was performed with the TOPMed reference panel. Multiple linear regression using an additive model tested for association between genetic variants and primary endpoints of drug response. In a more focused analysis, we evaluated the influence of 804 unique type 2 diabetes- and glycaemic trait-associated variants on SUGAR-MGH outcomes and performed colocalisation analyses to identify shared genetic signals. RESULTS: Five genome-wide significant variants were associated with metformin or glipizide response. The strongest association was between an African ancestry-specific variant (minor allele frequency [MAF CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We present a well-phenotyped, densely genotyped, multi-ancestry resource to study gene-drug interactions, uncover novel variation associated with response to common glucose-lowering medications and provide insight into mechanisms of action of type 2 diabetes-related variation. DATA AVAILABILITY: The complete summary statistics from this study are available at the Common Metabolic Diseases Knowledge Portal ( https://hugeamp.org ) and the GWAS Catalog ( www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/ , accession IDs: GCST90269867 to GCST90269899)