A OFERTA DE MADEIRA EM TORA NO BRASIL E NA AMAZÔNIA, PERÍODO DE 2000 a 2017

O trabalho ver a oferta quantitativa de madeira em tora na Amazôna e, através da base teórica sobre os recursos naturais e extrativismo se faz umas considerações acerca da exauribilidade desse bem ao longo dos anos de 2000.O método foi o quantitativo e qualitativo, de modo a ver a evolução daquele produto mediante a exploração simples e danosa ao meio ambiente, embora existam leis ambientais e como estas tentam frear a exploração simples e prejudicial em solo amazônico. O resultado mostrou que, de fato, a produção de madeira em tora é decrescente e significativa em toda a região, todavia, existem novos métodos de reflorestamento e financiamento, além da fiscalização por parte do IBAMA para coibir extrações ilegais, ainda que estas persista

Prevalence of pfmdr1, pfcrt, pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations associated with drug resistance, in Luanda, Angola

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria is the infectious disease causing the highest morbidity and mortality in Angola and due to widespread chloroquine (CQ) resistance, the country has recently changed its first-line treatment recommendations for uncomplicated malaria, from CQ to artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) in adults, and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (S/P) in pregnant women. Loss of SP sensitivity is, however, progressing rapidly in Africa and, in this study, were investigated a number of molecular markers associated to CQ and S/P.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Blood samples were collected from 245 children with uncomplicated malaria, admitted at the Pediatric Hospital Dr. David Bernardino (HPDB), Angola, and the occurrence of mutations in <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>was investigated in the <it>pfmdr1 </it>(N86Y) and <it>pfcrt </it>(K76T) genes, associated with CQ resistance, as well as in <it>pfdhfr </it>(C59R) and <it>pfdhps </it>(K540E), conferring SP resistance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The frequencies of <it>pfmdr1 </it>mutations in codon 86 were 28.6% N, 61.3% Y and 10.1% mixed infections (NY). The frequency of <it>pfcrt </it>mutations in codon 76 were 93.9% K, 5.7% T and 0.4% mixed infections (KT). For <it>pfdhfr </it>the results were in codon 59, 60.6% C, 20.6% R and 18.8% mixed infections (CR). Concerning <it>pfdhps</it>, 6.3% of the isolates were bearers of the mutation 540E and 5.4% mixed infections (K540E).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this epidemiologic study showed high presence of CQ resistance markers while for SP a much lower prevalence was detected for the markers under study.</p

Africa and the global carbon cycle

The African continent has a large and growing role in the global carbon cycle, with potentially important climate change implications. However, the sparse observation network in and around the African continent means that Africa is one of the weakest links in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Here, we combine data from regional and global inventories as well as forward and inverse model analyses to appraise what is known about Africa's continental-scale carbon dynamics. With low fossil emissions and productivity that largely compensates respiration, land conversion is Africa's primary net carbon release, much of it through burning of forests. Savanna fire emissions, though large, represent a short-term source that is offset by ensuing regrowth. While current data suggest a near zero decadal-scale carbon balance, interannual climate fluctuations (especially drought) induce sizeable variability in net ecosystem productivity and savanna fire emissions such that Africa is a major source of interannual variability in global atmospheric CO(2). Considering the continent's sizeable carbon stocks, their seemingly high vulnerability to anticipated climate and land use change, as well as growing populations and industrialization, Africa's carbon emissions and their interannual variability are likely to undergo substantial increases through the 21st century

Grupo dos Novos: relato de uma experiência de estágio com grupos de acolhimento de trabalhadores em um Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest)

Este trabalho relata experiência de estágio curricular ocorrida em 2010 e 2011 num Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest). Oito estagiárias de 4º e 5º anos do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Campus Baixada Santista, observaram e coordenaram um grupo, informalmente denominado Grupo dos Novos, com o objetivo de prover um espaço de acolhimento ao trabalhador que procura pela primeira vez ajuda dos profissionais do equipamento de saúde. O relato apresenta nosso posicionamento ético, político e estético na área de saúde e trabalho, com suas limitações e potencialidades no contexto da sociedade capitalista. Os resultados corroboraram a importância dos Grupos de Acolhimento como garantia do acesso universal, um dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram analisados os possíveis impactos dessa experiência: os usuários tiveram oportunidade de produzir uma nova compreensão sobre seu adoecimento, não mais tão individualizada, mas sim atrelada às condições de trabalho; os estagiários articularam teoria e prática a partir de conhecimentos em educação popular, processo grupal e análise institucional; e a equipe da unidade acompanhou um novo modo de organizar o atendimento ao trabalhador. Concluímos que o Grupo dos Novos deu um primeiro passo na quebra da lógica de organização dos serviços centrada na figura do médico

Acute liver injury induces nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of hepatic methionine metabolism enzymes

[Aims]: The discovery of methionine metabolism enzymes in the cell nucleus, together with their association with key nuclear processes, suggested a putative relationship between alterations in their subcellular distribution and disease. [Results]: Using the rat model of D-galactosamine intoxication severe changes in hepatic steady-state mRNA levels were found; the largest decreases corresponded to enzymes exhibiting the highest expression in normal tissue. Cytoplasmic protein levels, activities and metabolite concentrations suffered more moderate changes following a similar trend. Interestingly, galactosamine-treatment induced hepatic nuclear accumulation of MATα1 and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase tetramers, their active assemblies. In fact, galactosamine-treated livers showed enhanced nuclear methionine adenosyltransferase activity. Acetaminophen intoxication mimicked most galactosamine effects on hepatic MATα1, including accumulation of nuclear tetramers. H35 cells overexpressing tagged-MATα1 reproduced the subcellular distribution observed in liver, and the changes induced by galactosamine and acetaminophen that were also observed upon glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoximine. The H35 nuclear accumulation of tagged-MATα1 induced by these agents correlated with decreased GSH/GSSG ratios and was prevented by N-acetylcysteine and glutathione ethyl ester. However, the changes in epigenetic modifications associated with tagged-MATα1 nuclear accumulation were only prevented by N-acetylcysteine in galactosamine-treated cells. [Innovation]: Cytoplasmic and nuclear changes in proteins regulating the methylation index follow opposite trends in acute liver injury, their nuclear accumulation showing potential as disease marker. [Conclusion]: Altogether these results demonstrate galactosamine- and acetaminophen-induced nuclear accumulation of methionine metabolism enzymes as active oligomers and unveil the implication of redox-dependent mechanisms in the control of MATα1 subcellular distribution.This work was supported by grants of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BFU2005-00050, BFU2008- 00666, and BFU2009-08977 to M.A.P.; SAF2009-11642 and SAF2012-36519 to D.P.-S.; and PS09/01762 to J.P.-M.) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RCMN C03/08 and PI05/0563 to M.A.P.; RD07/0064/0007 and RD12/0013/0008 to D.P.-S.). M.D. was supported by fellowships of RCMN C03/08 and PI05/0563 and M.P. by BFU2009-08977.Peer reviewe