Kajian Penelitian Koreksi Geometrik Orthorektifikasi dan Rektifikasi Citra IKONOS” (Studi Kasus Kawasan Perkotaan Waingapu. Sumba -Timur)

Data yang dihasilkan dari rekaman pada satelit maupun pesawat terbang merupakan representasi dari bentuk permukaan bumi yang tidak beraturan. Walaupun terlihat daerah yang datar, tetapi area yang direkam sesungguhnya mengandung kesalahan yang diakibatkan oleh pengaruh kelengkungan bumi atau oleh sensor itu sendiri. Untuk mrnghilangi kesalahan tersebut, maka perlu adanya suatu koreksi terhadap data penginderaan jauh, dalam hal ini adalah dengan koreksi orthorektifikasi dan rektifikasi.. Orthorektifikasi adalah proses memposisikan kembali citra sesuai lokasi sebenarnya, dikarenakan pada saat pengambilan data terjadi pergeseran yang diakibatkan posisi miring pada satelit dan variasi topografi. Rektifikasi adalah suatu proses yang mentransformasikan geometri atau unsur-unsur citra digital sedemikian rupa, sehingga setiap piksel citra memiliki posisi didalam sistem koordinat dunia nyata. Pada penelitian ini penulis membandingkan kedua metode yaitu metode orthorektifikasi dan metode rektifikasi, menggunakan citra Ikonos dengan Software PCI Geomatica 2013, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa proses orthorektifikasi dan rektifikasi citra resolusi tinggi di kawasan perkotaan Waingapu, menunjukan bahwa metode Orthorektifikasi dan rektifikasi jika dilakukan pada daerah relatif curam, mengalami perbedaan yang signifikan Kata kunci : penginderaan jauh, citra Ikonos, orthorektifikasi, rektifikas, DEM PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Data asli yang dihasilkan dari rekaman pad

A critic of maternal mortality reduction efforts in Nigeria

Context: Maternal mortality in Nigeria is high and occurs from direct and indirect medical causes together with non-medical causes which include socio-economic, religious, cultural and legal factors, reproductive healthfactors and health systems/health services factors. Government and Non-Governmental Organizations have over the years expended efforts towards the reversal of Nigerian's unacceptably high maternal mortality trends.Objective: This review examines major polices and programmes targeted at maternal mortality reduction in Nigeria as well as their possible outcome if any, identifies gaps attendant on these efforts, and suggests the wayforward towards a sustainable maternal mortality reduction in Nigeria.Maternal mortality reduction activities in Nigeria: Majority of these activities have been characterized by inherent poor design, lack of co-ordination with existing maternal health services and absence of sustainability mechanism, with an overall poor outcome. Amongst major maternal mortality reduction activities in Nigeria includes: Life Saving Skills (LSS) introduced by the American College of Midwifery in 1980 for emergencyobstetrics care and ultimately supported by UNICEF and WHO; White Ribbon Alliance developed by Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA) in late 1990s; Prevention of Maternal Mortality Project (PMM) introduced by Columbia University in 1987 using funds from Carnegie corporation; The Making Pregnancy Safe Initiative introduced by WHO in 2000; Women and Child Friendly Health Services Initiative established in 2000 by the former Nigerian's First Lady — Late Mrs. Stella Obasanjo; United Nation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initiated in 2000; Women Sexual and Reproductive Rights Project initiated in 2002 by the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) in partnership with Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nigeria (SOGON) using funds obtained from Packard Foundation. Others include: Mentoring for Post Abortion Care (PAC) Services Delivery initiated by Ipas in 2007; The Integrated Maternal, New born and Child Health Strategy Initiative of the Federal Ministry of Health also initiated in 2007; and the Midwives Services Scheme (MSS) initiated by the Federal Government in 2009. Gaps identified to militate against maternal mortality reduction efforts include discontinuity and disconnect in government policies and programmes; legislation and other services emanating from change in government or between the executive and legislature within the same government; poor leadership of the health sector by the health ministries; poor coordination of maternal mortality reduction activities; poor development of human resources and health service infrastructure; inadequate funding of the health system, particularly of maternalhealth services; poor record keeping; and insufficient social mobilization activities.Recommendation and conclusion: Improving maternal mortality reduction efforts in Nigeria involves overhauling of the health system and services to render quality and affordable health care; adequate budgetary allocation and fund release for maternal health services; human resources development through recruitments, training and retraining; ensuring prudence in the development and siting of maternal health service infrastructure; ensuring program continuity between governments, and policy/legislative connect within government;developing effective record  keeping protocol for maternal health services; establishing effective socialmobilization outfits and harnessing health sector partnership for funding and other health services. Keywords: Critic; Maternal mortality reductionefforts; Nigeri

PIBID: tornei-me professor?

As pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais voltadas para a forma??o de professores nas universidades brasileiras t?m sido objeto recorrente de debates e estudos nos meios acad?micos. Nessa dire??o, a presente pesquisa analisou o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Inicia??o a Doc?ncia (PIBID) na Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri ? UFVJM, Campus Diamantina ? MG, com o objetivo de verificar, junto aos ex-bolsistas formados na Licenciatura em Pedagogia, se as atividades desenvolvidas no PIBID contribu?ram para sua forma??o docente. Para o alcance desse objetivo, foi feito um recorte temporal entre os anos de 2014 e 2015, com an?lise restrita ao curso mencionado. Tal op??o ampara-se no fato de ser o curso respons?vel pela forma??o dos professores que atuam anos inicias da educa??o b?sica. O aporte te?rico para sustentar este estudo foram autores como N?VOA (1992), PIMENTA (1997), SAVIANI (2013), ROMANELLI (1986) e TARDIF (2002), dentre outros, por acreditar que trazem uma base s?lida ?s reflex?es pr?prias ao processo de forma??o docente. A organiza??o deste trabalho prop?s um estudo de caso, de car?ter quantitativo, sem deixar de considerar e analisar qualitativamente os dados obtidos. Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa documental em fontes oficiais, atrav?s dos registros do PIBID da UFVJM. Foi realizada, ainda, uma revis?o bibliogr?fica em livros, artigos, teses e disserta??es referentes ? forma??o de professores e pol?ticas p?blicas. A coleta de dados ocorreu a partir de um question?rio, enviado pelo Google Drive, aos alunos da licenciatura acima mencionada, que j? conclu?ram o curso e que participaram do PIBID durante sua forma??o na UFVJM. Acreditamos que as considera??es advindas desta pesquisa podem contribuir para a produ??o cient?fica na ?rea de pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais, tanto da UFVJM quanto de outras institui??es educacionais, pelo fato de o objeto ser de grande relev?ncia no processo de forma??o docente, principalmente para as licenciaturas, como possibilidade de aproximar elementos que venham a favorecer o graduando a tornar-se professor.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018.Public educational policies focused in teacher education in Brazilian universities have been the recurring object of debates and studies in academic circles. In the same direction, the present study analyzed the Institutional Program of Initiatives for Teaching (PIBID) at the Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri - UFVJM, Campus Diamantina - MG, in order to verify the activities developed in the PIBID and the contribution for the teacher training of the former scholar students of Pedagogy. To reach this goal, a temporal cut was made between the years 2014 and 2015, with the analysis restricted to the mentioned course, because it is the one that is responsible for the training of teachers who work in the early years of basic education. The contribution to support this study were authors such as N?VOA (1992), PIMENTA (1997), SAVIANI (2013), ROMANELLI (1986) and TARDIF (2002), a mongo thers, believing that the y provide a solid basis for the reflection up on the process of teacher education. The organization of this work proposed a quantitative case study, also considering qualitatively the data obtained. For that, a documentary research was done in official sources, through the records of PIBID of UFVJM. A bibliographic review was also carried out in books, articles, theses and dissertations related to teacher education and public policies. The data collection was done from a questionnaire, sent by Google Drive, to the students of the above mentioned degree, who already finished the course and who participated in PIBID during the formation in UFVJM. We believe that the considerations derived from this research can contribute to the scientific production in the area of educational public policies, both of the UFVJM and other educational institutions, because our object is of great relevance in the teacher training process, especially for undergraduates, as a possibility of bringing together elements that will favor the graduate to become a teacher

Relationship between Knowledge, Family Support, Frequency of Information, and Attitude Towards Triple Elimination Testing During COVID-19

East Nusa Tenggara Province is the second-highest province with the percentage of pregnant women having HBsAg reactive (5,26%) and has the lowest screening coverage (4,55%). Increasing the mother’s screening coverage is necessary, followed by increasing access to therapy and early infant detection. A positive attitude should exist to increase the mother’s behavior for assessing triple elimination testing, thus can reduce the transmission risk of Hepatitis B, Syphilis, and HIV-AIDS to the infants. This research analyzed the relationship between knowledge, family support, and information frequency with the mother’s triple elimination testing attitude. This research was an analytical study using the cross-sectional method, conducted at four primary health centres in Kupang city in 2020. The sample selection used a stratified random sampling method, with 110 pregnant women from the four PHC chosen. Data analysis used Chi-square. Results showed only 36,7% of respondents had good triple elimination knowledge, and 33,9% have insufficient knowledge. Most respondents (64%) have a neutral perception, and 27% have a positive perception of family (husband’s) support. 79% of respondents receive scarce information about triple elimination. Respondent’s attitude primarily neutral (61%). However, 23% still have a negative attitude towards triple elimination testing. There is a significant relationship between perception of family support and attitude towards triple elimination testing (p < 0.001). The mother having a positive perception of their husband’s support, also have a positive attitude toward triple elimination testing. Knowledge level and information frequency showed no significant relationship (p = 0.941 and p = 0.093) with mother’s attitude

Evolution and functional adaptation of tropical trees species : the case study of Guibourtia Benn

La présente thèse s’intéresse aux mécanismes à l’origine de la diversification des espèces d’arbres tropicaux. Elle utilise le genre Guibourtia Benn. (Fabaceae-Detarioideae) comme modèle biologique afin de comprendre les mécanismes historiques, biologiques et environnementaux, à l'origine de la diversité de ce genre aux niveaux interspécifique et intraspécifique. Plus particulièrement, elle vise à : (1) étudier au niveau interspécifique, le rôle relatif des forces évolutives neutres et de sélection dans la diversification du genre Guibourtia en combinant une phylogénie moléculaire avec la caractérisation des traits et les niches écologiques des espèces ; et (2) au niveau intraspécifique, questionner les causes de la différenciation des populations de trois espèces de Guibourtia. Au niveau interspécifique, la phylogénie datée basée sur le séquençage du génome chloroplastique complet a globalement confirmé la taxonomie actuelle (espèces généralement monophylétiques). Elle a montré une diversification au milieu du Miocène en trois clades qui sont décrits aujourd’hui comme des sous-genres (Guibourtia, Gorskia et Pseudocopaiva). Elle démontre en outre que deux espèces américaines sont issues d’une migration de l’Afrique vers l’Amérique à la fin du Miocène. Il est également apparu que certains traits morphologiques ont été sélectionnés de manière convergente au sein des différents clades du genre Guibourtia en fonction des niches climatiques des espèces. Ce dernier résultat a été consolidé au moyen d’une expérimentation écophysiologique prouvant que la lumière constitue un important facteur de sélection et de différenciation adaptative entre trois espèces (G. ehie, G. coleosperma et G. tessmannii). Au niveau intraspécifique, une étude de phylogéographie de deux espèces a permis de mettre en évidence que les barrières biogéographiques chez G. ehie et les gradients climatiques chez G. coleosperma, auraient contribué à la différenciation génétique des populations. En outre, cette étude montre une forte différenciation entre les populations de G. ehie d’Afrique de l’Ouest et d’Afrique centrale en lien avec quelques traits morphologiques, ce qui préjuge de l’existence d’une nouvelle espèce. Enfin, chez G. tessmannii, espèce aux fruits déhiscents et graines arillées, nous avons identifié les principaux disperseurs dont les calaos (Ceratogymna atrata ) qui pourraient contribuer à une dispersion à longue distance, influençant la structure spatiale de la variation génétique des populations. Cette thèse en utilisant le genre Guibourtia comme modèle d’étude a apporté de nouveaux éléments à la compréhension des mécanismes qui génèrent la diversité au sein des espèces d’arbres. Elle fournit en outre des connaissances originales sur des espèces inscrites en annexe II de la CITES

Que planter dans ma parcelle ? Arbre de décision pour le choix des espèces et des systèmes agroforestiers en périphérie de Kinshasa

Projet Campus Ver

The potential of small unmanned aircraft systems and structure-from-motion for topographic surveys: a test of emerging integrated approaches at Cwm Idwal, North Wales

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Geomorphology and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.021Novel topographic survey methods that integrate both structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry and small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are a rapidly evolving investigative technique. Due to the diverse range of survey configurations available and the infancy of these new methods, further research is required. Here, the accuracy, precision and potential applications of this approach are investigated. A total of 543 images of the Cwm Idwal moraine–mound complex were captured from a light (b5 kg) semi-autonomous multi-rotor unmanned aircraft system using a consumer-grade 18 MP compact digital camera. The imageswere used to produce a DSM(digital surfacemodel) of themoraines. The DSMis in good agreement with 7761 total station survey points providing a total verticalRMSE value of 0.517mand verticalRMSE values as lowas 0.200mfor less densely vegetated areas of the DSM. High-precision topographic data can be acquired rapidly using this technique with the resulting DSMs and orthorectified aerial imagery at sub-decimetre resolutions. Positional errors on the total station dataset, vegetation and steep terrain are identified as the causes of vertical disagreement. Whilst this aerial survey approach is advocated for use in a range of geomorphological settings, care must be taken to ensure that adequate ground control is applied to give a high degree of accuracy

Revealing hidden species diversity in closely related species using nuclear SNPs, SSRs and DNA sequences - a case study in the tree genus Milicia

Background: Species delimitation in closely related plant taxa can be challenging because (i) reproductive barriers are not always congruent with morphological differentiation, (ii) use of plastid sequences might lead to misinterpretation, (iii) rare species might not be sampled. We revisited molecular-based species delimitation in the African genus Milicia, currently divided into M. regia (West Africa) and M. excelsa (from West to East Africa). We used 435 samples collected in West, Central and East Africa. We genotyped SNP and SSR loci to identify genetic clusters, and sequenced two plastid regions (psbA-trnH, trnC-ycf6) and a nuclear gene (At103) to confirm species’ divergence and compare species delimitation methods. We also examined whether ecological niche differentiation was congruent with sampled genetic structure. Results: West African M. regia, West African and East African M. excelsa samples constituted three well distinct genetic clusters according to SNPs and SSRs. In Central Africa, two genetic clusters were consistently inferred by both types of markers, while a few scattered samples, sympatric with the preceding clusters but exhibiting leaf traits of M. regia, were grouped with the West African M. regia cluster based on SNPs or formed a distinct cluster based on SSRs. SSR results were confirmed by sequence data from the nuclear region At103 which revealed three distinct ‘Fields For Recombination’ corresponding to (i) West African M. regia, (ii) Central African samples with leaf traits of M. regia, and (iii) all M. excelsa samples. None of the plastid sequences provide indication of distinct clades of the three species-like units. Niche modelling techniques yielded a significant correlation between niche overlap and genetic distance. Conclusions: Our genetic data suggest that three species of Milicia could be recognized. It is surprising that the occurrence of two species in Central Africa was not reported for this well-known timber tree. Globally, our work highlights the importance of collecting samples in a systematic way and the need for combining different nuclear markers when dealing with species complexes. Recognizing cryptic species is particularly crucial for economically exploited species because some hidden taxa might actually be endangered as they are merged with more abundant species

Orangutan movement and population dynamics across human-modified landscapes: implications of policy and management

Context: Agricultural expansion is a leading cause of deforestation and habitat fragmentation globally. Policies that support biodiversity and facilitate species movement across farmland are therefore central to sustainability efforts and wildlife conservation in these human-modified landscapes. Objectives: We investigated the conservation impact of several potential management scenarios on animal populations and movement in a human-modified tropical landscape, focusing on the critically endangered Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus. Methods: We used an individual-based modelling platform to simulate population dynamics and movements across four possible landscape management scenarios for a highly modified oil palm-dominated landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Results: Scenarios that maximised the retention of natural forest remnants in agricultural areas through sustainability certification standards supported stable orangutan populations. These populations were up to 45% larger than those supported under development-focused scenarios, where forest retention was not prioritised. The forest remnants served as corridors or stepping-stones, increasing annual emigration rates across the landscape, and reducing orangutan mortality by up to 11%. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this outcome was highly contingent on minimising mortality during dispersal. Conclusions: Management that promotes maximising natural forest cover through certification, such as that promoted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, can maintain viable orangutan populations over the lifespan of an oil palm plantation and facilitate movement among otherwise isolated populations. However, minimising hunting and negative human–orangutan interactions, while promoting peaceful co-existence between apes and people, will be imperative to insure positive conservation outcomes