Tres álbumes de grabados antiguos en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú

The Peruvian National Library holds today in its vaults three valuable albums of Old Master prints which still await proper catalogation. The prints of these albums come from the Low Countries, Paris, Rome, Cologne, and Augsburg, and were produced in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. Taken together, these albums offer an encompassing view of the prints that circulated in Colonial Peru, thus contributing to the formation of the visual culture of the country. The purpose of this essay is to reveal the wealth of the Old Master print collection in the Peruvian National Library. One of the noteworthy fruits of our labors will be the discovery of the only known impressions of a couple of prints of Thomas de Leu (ca. 1555-ca. 1612), a prominent Parisian printer of great significance for Colonial Art.La Biblioteca Nacional del Perú alberga hoy en sus bóvedas tres valiosos álbumes de grabados antiguos que están todavía por catalogar a cabalidad. Los grabados de estos álbumes provienen de los Países Bajos, París, Roma, Colonia, y Augsburgo, y fueron producidos entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Tomados en conjunto, estos álbumes ofrecen una vista panorámica de las distintas épocas y procedencias de los grabados que circularon por el Perú Colonial, contribuyendo así a la formación de la cultura visual del país. El propósito de este ensayo es difundir la riqueza de los materiales gráficos de los fondos antiguos de la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú. Entre los frutos de nuestros esfuerzos destacará el descubrimiento de las únicas impresiones conocidas de un par de grabados de Thomas de Leu (ca. 1555-ca. 1612), prominente impresor parisino de gran importancia para el arte colonial

Waves and structure interaction using multi-domain couplings for Navier-Stokes solvers in OpenFOAM®. Part II: Validation and application to complex cases

In this work, we present several applications of the 2D-3D multi-domain couplings for Navier-Stokes models developed and validated in its companion (Di Paolo et al., submitted). The methodology is used to carry out some relevant simulations which include long regular and irregular waves, solitary wave propagation on a shallow foreshore, focused wave group transformation on a planar beach, wave impact on a cylinder and finally, the numerical twin of a complex laboratory experiment to analyse the performance of a perforated breakwater under wave action. Results agree well with the full 3D simulations and laboratory experiments and demonstrate the feasibility of using the 2D-3D coupled methodologies presented in Part I to successfully replace full 3D modelling. For all the cases considered, the application of coupled methodologies have resulted in a drastic reducing of the computational time without decreasing the accuracy of the full solution

Measuring the sustainable behaviour and satisfaction with services in cruise tourism: a Naples case study

The main aim of this paper is to analyse cruise tourists’ sustainable behaviour and their level of satisfaction in Naples as one of the main Mediterranean ports receiving this type of tourism. The usage of a semi-structured questionnaire, administered to 1180 cruise tourists, allows us to group cruise tourists into clusters and analyse all the elements of two alternate types of behaviour: environmental and social. We have developed an IPA analysis and use ordered logit models to assess which aspects are influencing the general satisfaction level. Our findings highlight that over 80% of visitors indicated that they are highly aware of the need to dispose of trash in a sustainable way, as well as differences between different cluster preferences. The findings, although drawn from only one destination, may be useful for practitioners and policy makers by allowing them to pinpoint and understand specific determinants of the socio-economic effects of cruise tourism on a destination, by taking into account the role of sustainable services

The Prisons of Democracy. Experiences of Prison Management in Contemporary Argentina

The article presents a set of dissimilar experiences and a diversity of state responses in prison matters since the recovery of democracy in Argentina, based on the identification of three relevant moments: the first, marked by the search for a politically progressive public policy and a democratic penitentiary practice (1983-1989); the second, marked by the design and implementation of the Plan Director de la Política Penitenciaria Argentina (master plan for Argentine prison policy), aimed at the recovery of the correctionalist model and its institutional consolidation (1990-1999); and the third, sustained by an abrupt change of course embodied in the Sentencing Plan, following the models of ‘risk’, the desistance from crime and the Anglo-Saxon criminologies of ‘What Works’ (2014-2020)

Tsunamis Generated by Submerged Landslides: Numerical Analysis of the Near-Field Wave Characteristics

ABSTRACT: The accurate modeling of the landslide?generated tsunami characteristics in the so-called near-field is crucial for many practical applications. In this paper, we present a new full-3-D numerical method for modeling tsunamis generated by rigid and impermeable landslides in OpenFOAM® based on the overset mesh technique. The approach has been successfully validated through the numerical reproduction of past experiments for landslide?generated tsunamis triggered by a rigid and impermeable wedge at a sloping coast. The method has been applied to perform a detailed numerical study of the near-field wave features induced by submerged landslides. A parametric analysis has been carried out to explore the importance of the landslide's initial acceleration, directly related to the landslide-triggering mechanisms, on the tsunami generation process and on the related wave properties. Near-field analysis of the numerical results confirms that the influence of the initial acceleration on the tsunami wave properties is significant, affecting wave height, wave period, and wave celerity. Furthermore, it is found that the tsunami generation mechanism experiences a saturation effect for increasing landslide's initial acceleration, confirming and extending previous studies. Moreover, the resulting extended database, composed of previous experimental data and new numerical ones, spanning a wider range of governing parameters, has been represented in the form of a “nondimensional wavemaker curve,” and a new relationship for predicting the wave properties in the near-field as a function of the Hammack number is proposed

Numerical Modelling of Landslide-Generated Tsunamis with OpenFOAM®: a New Approach

In this paper we present a new method for numerically modelling landslide-generated tsunamis in OpenFOAM® by using a new approach based on the Overset mesh technique. This technique, which is based on the use of two (or more) numerical domains, is new in the coastal engineering field and appears to be extremely powerful to model the interaction between a moving body and one or more fluids. Indeed, the accurate resolution around the moving body (i.e. body-fitted approach), guaranteed by this method, offers a great advantage to study the momentum exchange between the body and the water. Furthermore, in order to overcome a drawback of the Overset mesh implementation we modelled the solid boundaries, along which the landslide body moves, as a porous media with a very low permeability. The new approach has been preliminarily, and successfully, validated through the numerical reproduction of past experiments for landslide-generated tsunamis triggered by a solid and impermeable wedge at a sloping coast

O Ordnungspolitik da Nova Economia Institucional

Although the German historical school and American institutionalism are the main antecedents of the new institutional economics, other schools –such as German Ordoliberalism– also exerted a possible influence in the new institutionalism. This article explores the common points between the two schools, based on the work of Walter Eucken, whose economic policy proposal coincides, although with certain nuances, with that of the founders of the NEI –Coase, North and Williamson–in the need for a State that establishes an order based on a structure of rules and institutions that allows the proper functioning of the competitive market, as well as the multidisciplinary nature of its studies, the rejection of monopolies and interest groups that control the State and the role of the firm as a planning body that rivals the State.Aunque la escuela historica alemana y el institucionalismo americano son los principales los antecedentes de la nueva economia institucional, otras escuelas–como el ordoliberalismo aleman– tambien ejercieron una posible influencia en el neoinstitucionalismo Este articulo explora sus puntos comunes, con base en la obrade Walter Eucken, cuya propuesta de politica economica coincide, aunque con ciertos matices, con la de Coase, North y Williamson, fundadores de la nueva economía institucional, en la necesidad de un Estado que establezca un orden basado en una estructura de normas e instituciones que permita el correcto funcionamiento del mercado competitivo, en el caracter multidisciplinario de sus estudios, en el rechazo de los monopolios y grupos de interes que controlan el Estado y en el papel de la empresa como organismo planificador que rivaliza con el Estado.Embora a escola histórica alemã e o institucionalismo americano sejam os principais antecedentes da nova economia institucional, outras escolas - como o ordoliberalismo alemão - também exerceram uma possível influência no neoinstitucionalismo. Este artigo explora seus pontos comuns, com base na obra de Walter Eucken, cuja proposta de política econômica coincide, embora com certas nuances, com a de Coase, North e Williamson, fundadores da nova economia institucional, na necessidade de um Estado que estabeleça uma ordem a partir de um estrutura de normas e instituições que permite o bom funcionamento do mercado competitivo, no caráter multidisciplinar de seus estudos, na rejeição de monopólios e grupos de interesse que controlam o Estado e no papel da empresa como órgão de planejamento que rivaliza com a Condiçã

Las cárceles de la democracia

A partir de la identificación de tres momentos relevantes, el artículo presenta un conjunto de experiencias disímiles y respuestas estatales diversas en materia penitenciaria desde la recuperación de la democracia en la Argentina. El primero está marcado por la búsqueda de una política pública progresista y una práctica penitenciaria democrática (1983-1989); el segundo, por el diseño e implementación del “Plan Director de la Política Penitencia­ria Argentina”, orientado a la recuperación del modelo correccionalista y su consolidación institucional (1990-1999); y el tercero se sustentó en un brusco cambio de rumbo plasmado en el Plan de Sentencia, siguiendo los modelos del “riesgo”, el desistimiento del delito y las criminologías anglosajonas de “What Works” (2014-2020).Based on the identification of three relevant moments the article presents a set of dissi­milar experiences and a diversity of state responses in prison matters since the recovery of democracy in Argentina. The first is marked by the search for a politically progressive public policy and a democratic penitentiary practice (1983–1989); the second, by the design and implementation of the “Plan Director de la Política Penitenciaria Argentina” (Master plan for Argentine prison policy), aimed at the recovery of the correctionalist model and its institutional consolidation (1990–1999); and the third was sustained by an abrupt change of course embodied in the Sentencing Plan, following the models of “risk”, the desistance from crime and the anglo-saxon criminology theory of “What Works” (2014–2020).A partir de la identificación de tres momentos relevantes, el artículo presenta un conjunto de experiencias disímiles y respuestas estatales diversas en materia penitenciaria desde la recuperación de la democracia en la Argentina. El primero está marcado por la búsqueda de una política pública progresista y una práctica penitenciaria democrática (1983-1989); el segundo, por el diseño e implementación del “Plan Director de la Política Penitencia­ria Argentina”, orientado a la recuperación del modelo correccionalista y su consolidación institucional (1990-1999); y el tercero se sustentó en un brusco cambio de rumbo plasmado en el Plan de Sentencia, siguiendo los modelos del “riesgo”, el desistimiento del delito y las criminologías anglosajonas de “What Works” (2014-2020)

The access to justice and deprivation of liberty in Argentina: Prison policies in light of the Brasilia Rules

El presente artículo analiza el Plan Director de la Política Penitenciaria Nacional y el Plan Estratégico del Servicio Penitenciario Federal 2016/2020, y sus méritos y sus falencias en el ámbito carcelario argentino. A partir de estos, y en concordancia con las Reglas de Brasilia, se plantean políticas para prevenir la criminalidad mediante cuatro tipos de reformas: a) normativas, respecto de la progresividad de la pena, la regulación de la actividad laboral de las personas privadas de libertad en el ámbito penitenciario, la formación y la capacitación del personal, así como el procedimiento relativo a su ingreso, ascenso y egreso, además de la asimilación de la perspectiva de género en la política institucional; b) infraestructurales, es decir, la construcción de cárceles y su organización a fin de reducir la superpoblación; c) resocializadoras de los reclusos en los establecimientos penitenciarios; y, finalmente, d) integradoras para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones entre las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, los organismos de control y las agencias científicas y técnicas como el CONICET.This article analyzes the National Penitentiary Policy Master Plan and the Strategic Plan of the Federal Penitentiary Service 2016/2020, and their merits and shortcomings in the Argentine prison context. Based on these instruments, and following the Brasilia Rules, it is proposed policies to prevent crime through four types of reforms: a) normative, regarding the progressiveness of the sentence, the regulation of the work activity of persons deprived of liberty in the penitentiary situation, the education and training of personnel, as well as the procedure regarding their entry, promotion, and discharge, in addition to the assimilation of the gender perspective in institutional policy; b) infrastructural, that is, the construction of prisons and their organization to reduce overcrowding; c) resocialization of inmates in penitentiary establishments; and finally, d) integration for the strengthening of relations between civil society organizations, institutional control and scientific and technical agencies such as the Conicet.Fil: Lombraña, Andrea Natalia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Próspero, Carolina Emilia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ojeda, Natalia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Reactivity and fate of secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) in marine sediments

This research is focused on secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS), anionic surfactants widely used in household applications that access aquatic environments mainly via sewage discharges.We studied their sorption capacity and anaerobic degradation in marine sediments, providing the first data available on this topic. SAS partition coefficients increased towards those homologues having longer alkyl chains(from up to 141 L kg 1 for C14 to up to 1753 L kg 1 for C17), which were those less susceptible to undergo biodegradation. Overall, SAS removal percentages reached up to 98% after 166 days of incubation using anoxic sediments. The degradation pathway consisted on the formation of sulfocarboxylic acids after an initial fumarate attack of the alkyl chain and successive b-oxidations. This is the first study showing that SAS can be degraded in absence of oxygen, so this new information should be taken into account for future environmental risk assessments on these chemicals