Programa Mais Família Mais Jovem: estudo exploratório em contexto clínico

Introdução: A crescente prevalência dos Problemas de Comportamento na Infância e Adolescência tem motivado a procura de respostas que permitam a sua prevenção, e intervenção, na prática clínica de Pedopsiquiatria. Do mesmo modo que sabemos que as interações familiares desadequadas podem fortalecer a sua ocorrência, tem sido realçado o papel crucial dos pais e cuidadores como agentes de mudança na intervenção pluridisciplinar concernente a estas perturbações. As intervenções parentais em grupo de forma estruturada e sustentada, baseadas na promoção de Parentalidade positiva, apresentam-se como uma medida de implementação promissora, neste âmbito. Objetivos: Apurar as principais mudanças obtidas com o programa Mais Família, Mais Jovem, aplicado ao longo de doze semanas com sessões de duas horas semanais, numa amostra clínica de pais de crianças acompanhadas em consulta de segunda infância de pedopsiquiatria (população de três a doze anos), Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisboa. Métodos: Antes e após a implementação do programa procedeu-se à aplicação de um conjunto de instrumentos (Questionário de Capacidades e de Dificuldades: versão mãe/pai; Índice de Parentalidade Autorizada: versão pai/mãe) que permitem avaliar a eficácia da implementação do mesmo. A avaliação e discussão dos resultados foi ainda estendida a um período de follow-up a três meses. Resultados e Conclusões: A participação dos pais na intervenção traduz-se numa melhoria percecionada, em todos os tempos de avaliação, das suas práticas de aceitação e apoio aos filhos, assim como na redução da noção de sobrecarga parental. Estes dados suportam a evidência apontada pelo programa, no desenvolvimento de padrões de relacionamento saudáveis com os filhos, no exercício da autoridade, diálogo, respeito e educação pelo afeto, permitindo a aquisição de competências parentais nestes domínios. De acordo com o esperado, também os problemas externalizantes das crianças e a avaliação global das suas dificuldades evidenciam uma redução sustentada. A principal limitação encontrada foi a reduzida dimensão da amostra, pelo que estes resultados suportam a necessidade de maior investimento na aplicação do programa nos serviços de Psiquiatria da Infância e da Adolescência, bem como a realização de mais estudos para confirmar a sua eficácia

Solution-based synthesis and processing of Sn- and Bi-doped Cu₃SbSe₄ nanocrystals, nanomaterials and ring-shaped thermoelectric generators

Copper-based chalcogenides that comprise abundant, low-cost, and environmental friendly elements are excellent materials for a number of energy conversion applications, including photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and thermoelectrics (TE). In such applications, the use of solution-processed nanocrystals (NCs) to produce thin films or bulk nanomaterials has associated several potential advantages, such as high material yield and throughput, and composition control with unmatched spatial resolution and cost. Here we report on the production of Cu₃SbSe₄ (CASe) NCs with tuned amounts of Sn and Bi dopants. After proper ligand removal, as monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, these NCs were used to produce dense CASe bulk nanomaterials for solid state TE energy conversion. By adjusting the amount of extrinsic dopants, dimensionless TE figures of merit (ZT) up to 1.26 at 673 K were reached. Such high ZT values are related to an optimized carrier concentration by Sn doping, a minimized lattice thermal conductivity due to efficient phonon scattering at point defects and grain boundaries, and to an increase of the Seebeck coefficient obtained by a modification of the electronic band structure with Bi doping. Nanomaterials were further employed to fabricate ring-shaped TE generators to be coupled to hot pipes, which provided 20 mV and 1 mW per TE element when exposed to a 160 °C temperature gradient. The simple design and good thermal contact associated with the ring geometry and the potential low cost of the material solution processing may allow the fabrication of TE generators with short payback times

Grupo español de cirugía torácica asistida por videoimagen: método, auditoría y resultados iniciales de una cohorte nacional prospectiva de pacientes tratados con resecciones anatómicas del pulmón

Introduction: our study sought to know the current implementation of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for anatomical lung resections in Spain. We present our initial results and describe the auditing systems developed by the Spanish VATS Group (GEVATS). Methods: we conducted a prospective multicentre cohort study that included patients receiving anatomical lung resections between 12/20/2016 and 03/20/2018. The main quality controls consisted of determining the recruitment rate of each centre and the accuracy of the perioperative data collected based on six key variables. The implications of a low recruitment rate were analysed for '90-day mortality' and 'Grade IIIb-V complications'. Results: the series was composed of 3533 cases (1917 VATS; 54.3%) across 33 departments. The centres' median recruitment rate was 99% (25-75th:76-100%), with an overall recruitment rate of 83% and a data accuracy of 98%. We were unable to demonstrate a significant association between the recruitment rate and the risk of morbidity/mortality, but a trend was found in the unadjusted analysis for those centres with recruitment rates lower than 80% (centres with 95-100% rates as reference): grade IIIb-V OR=0.61 (p=0.081), 90-day mortality OR=0.46 (p=0.051). Conclusions: more than half of the anatomical lung resections in Spain are performed via VATS. According to our results, the centre's recruitment rate and its potential implications due to selection bias, should deserve further attention by the main voluntary multicentre studies of our speciality. The high representativeness as well as the reliability of the GEVATS data constitute a fundamental point of departure for this nationwide cohort

PROMOÇÃO DE QUALIDADE DE VIDA E SUSTENTABILIDADE

The promotion of quality of life and sustainability is an interdisciplinary theme of great contemporary relevance. It focuses on finding approaches that balance human well-being with preserving natural resources and the health of the planet. This theme covers a variety of areas, from public health and urban development to environmental conservation and economic policy. The objective of this study is to investigate strategies and practices that seek to improve people's quality of life in a sustainable way. This study is a bibliographic review, in which a multidisciplinary approach was adopted that integrated qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data collection covered the investigation of specialized literature, relevant case studies and an in-depth analysis of socio-environmental indicators. The results demonstrated that the promotion of quality of life and sustainability requires an integrated approach. Successful initiatives include the implementation of efficient public transport policies, the creation of urban green spaces, the adoption of renewable energies and education for environmental awareness. Public awareness and cross-sectoral collaboration also emerged as critical factors in achieving positive outcomes. Promoting quality of life and sustainability is not just a necessity, but an imperative to ensure a livable future for future generations. The integrated approach, combined with the participation of society and government engagement, can result in an effective balance between human well-being and preservation of the environment. By prioritizing sustainability in all spheres of life, we can aspire to a future where prosperity and care for the planet go hand in hand.A promoção da qualidade de vida e sustentabilidade é um tema interdisciplinar de grande relevância contemporânea. Ele se concentra em encontrar abordagens que equilibrem o bem-estar humano com a preservação dos recursos naturais e a saúde do planeta. Este tema abrange uma variedade de áreas, desde saúde pública e desenvolvimento urbano à conservação ambiental e políticas econômicas. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar estratégias e práticas que buscam melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas de forma sustentável. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, em que foi adotada uma abordagem multidisciplinar que integrou análises qualitativas e quantitativas. A coleta de dados abrangeu a investigação de literatura especializada, estudos de caso relevantes e uma análise aprofundada de indicadores socioambientais. Os resultados demonstraram que a promoção da qualidade de vida e sustentabilidade requer uma abordagem integrada. Iniciativas bem-sucedidas incluem a implementação de políticas de transporte público eficiente, a criação de espaços verdes urbanos, a adoção de energias renováveis e a educação para a conscientização ambiental. A conscientização da população e a colaboração entre setores também emergiram como fatores críticos para alcançar resultados positivos. A promoção da qualidade de vida e sustentabilidade não é apenas uma necessidade, mas um imperativo para garantir um futuro habitável para as gerações vindouras. A abordagem integrada, aliada à participação da sociedade e ao engajamento governamental, pode resultar em um equilíbrio eficaz entre o bem-estar humano e a preservação do meio ambiente. Ao priorizar a sustentabilidade em todas as esferas da vida, podemos aspirar a um futuro em que prosperidade e cuidado com o planeta caminhem lado a lado

The SDSS-V Local Volume Mapper (LVM): Scientific Motivation and Project Overview

We present the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V (SDSS-V) Local Volume Mapper (LVM). The LVM is an integral-field spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way, Magellanic Clouds, and of a sample of local volume galaxies, connecting resolved pc-scale individual sources of feedback to kpc-scale ionized interstellar medium (ISM) properties. The 4-year survey covers the southern Milky Way disk at spatial resolutions of 0.05 to 1 pc, the Magellanic Clouds at 10 pc resolution, and nearby large galaxies at larger scales totaling $>4300$ square degrees of sky, and more than 55M spectra. It utilizes a new facility of alt-alt mounted siderostats feeding 16 cm refractive telescopes, lenslet-coupled fiber-optics, and spectrographs covering 3600-9800A at R ~ 4000. The ultra-wide field IFU has a diameter of 0.5 degrees with 1801 hexagonally packed fibers of 35.3 arcsec apertures. The siderostats allow for a completely stationary fiber system, avoiding instability of the line spread function seen in traditional fiber feeds. Scientifically, LVM resolves the regions where energy, momentum, and chemical elements are injected into the ISM at the scale of gas clouds, while simultaneously charting where energy is being dissipated (via cooling, shocks, turbulence, bulk flows, etc.) to global scales. This combined local and global view enables us to constrain physical processes regulating how stellar feedback operates and couples to galactic kinematics and disk-scale structures, such as the bar and spiral arms, as well as gas in- and out-flows.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa

Four-month incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among healthcare workers after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic

[EN] Healthcare workers (HCW) are at high risk for suicide, yet little is known about the onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) in this important segment of the population in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study of Spanish HCW active during the COVID-9 pandemic. A total of n = 4809 HCW participated at baseline (May–September 2020; i.e., just after the first wave of the pandemic) and at a four-month follow-up assessment (October–December 2020) using web-based surveys. Logistic regression assessed the individual- and population-level associations of separate proximal (pandemic) risk factors with four-month STB incidence (i.e., 30-day STB among HCW negative for 30-day STB at baseline), each time adjusting for distal (pre-pandemic) factors. STB incidence was estimated at 4.2% (SE = 0.5; n = 1 suicide attempt). Adjusted for distal factors, proximal risk factors most strongly associated with STB incidence were various sources of interpersonal stress (scaled 0–4; odds ratio [OR] range = 1.23–1.57) followed by personal health-related stress and stress related to the health of loved ones (scaled 0–4; OR range 1.30–1.32), and the perceived lack of healthcare center preparedness (scaled 0–4; OR = 1.34). Population-attributable risk proportions for these proximal risk factors were in the range 45.3–57.6%. Other significant risk factors were financial stressors (OR range 1.26–1.81), isolation/quarantine due to COVID-19 (OR = 1.53) and having changed to a specific COVID-19 related work location (OR = 1.72). Among other interventions, our findings call for healthcare systems to implement adequate conflict communication and resolution strategies and to improve family-work balance embedded in organizational justice strategies.S

Mexican radiation dermatitis management consensus

Abstract Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential element in cancer treatment: 50–70% of cancer patients receive RT at some time of the course of their disease. Of these, almost 95% experience some grade of radiation dermatitis (RD). RD can affect patient’s quality of life during and after treatment. Consequently, the management of RD is important. There are few randomized controlled clinical trials on interventions used to prevent and treat RD and no standardized consensus on RD management. A panel of opinion leaders of the Mexican Society of Radiotherapy (SOMERA) took part in a study of oncologic practice in Mexico. The following clinical guide is referenced both by the national practice reality and international evidence. Materials and methods: This RD management guide is based on input provided by 25 Mexican radiation oncologists, whose criteria were gathered using the Delphi Method and article review. Results: Twenty-one questions about experience in RD treatment were voted. More than 80% of the panel agreed with: the use of dermocosmetics/medical device in prevention and in treatment of RD grades 1–2. As for grade 3, they recommend individualizing each case and dermatologist evaluation. Topical steroids should be used when there is skin itching or pain. Consider the use of natural soaking elements. Skin care must be continued to avoid or reduce severity of late radiation skin lesions. Conclusion: This consensus was developed as a supportive educational tool that can be adapted to individual clinical needs, useful for professionals involved in the treatment of RT patients.  

The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Comment: Accepted to ApJ

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : targeting and first spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe