Hemisynthesis and Absolute Configuration of novel 6-pentyl-2H-pyran- 2-one derivatives from Trichoderma spp

A comparative study of the secondary metabolism of two Trichoderma spp. with that of the Thctf1 transcription factor gene null mutant of Trichoderma harzianum 34 was carried out in order to deepen our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway and mode of action of 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) and its derivatives as biocontrol agents. New isolated metabolites have shed light on the detoxification mechanism of 6-pentyl-pyranone by Trichoderma spp. All new compounds were synthesized and their stereoisomer characterized. The absolute configuration of 6-[(10R,20S)-dihydroxypentyl]-2H-pyran-2-one and 6-((10S,20R)-20-propyloxiran-1-yl)-2H-pyran-2-one was determined by NMR analysis of the corresponding Mosher’s esters

Fungal volatile organic compounds: emphasis on their plant growth-promoting

Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly formed bioactive interface between plants and countless of microorganisms on the above- and below-ground plant-fungus interactions. Fungal-plant interactions symbolize intriguingly biochemical complex and challenging scenarios that are discovered by metabolomic approaches. Remarkably secondary metabolites (SMs) played a significant role in the virulence and existence with plant-fungal pathogen interaction; only 25% of the fungal gene clusters have been functionally identified, even though these numbers are too low as compared with plant secondary metabolites. The current insights on fungal VOCs are conducted under lab environments and to apply small numbers of microbes; its molecules have significant effects on growth, development, and defense system of plants. Many fungal VOCs supported dynamic processes, leading to countless interactions between plants, antagonists, and mutualistic symbionts. The fundamental role of fungal VOCs at field level is required for better understanding, so more studies will offer further constructive scientific evidences that can show the cost-effectiveness of ecofriendly and ecologically produced fungal VOCs for crop welfare

Identification and Optimization of Pyrrolo[3,2‑<i>d</i>]pyrimidine Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Selective Agonists for the Treatment of Hepatitis B

Pyrrolo­[3,2-<i>d</i>]­pyrimidines were identified as a new series of potent and selective TLR7 agonists. Compounds were optimized for their activity and selectivity over TLR8. This presents an advantage over recently described scaffolds that have residual TLR8 activity, which may be detrimental to the tolerability of the candidate drug. Oral administration of the lead compound <b>54</b> effectively induced a transient interferon stimulated gene (ISG) response in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. We aimed for a high first pass effect, limiting cytokine induction systemically, and demonstrated the potential for the immunotherapy of viral hepatitis