A VIOLÊNCIA PSICOLÓGICA CONTRA MULHER LEI 11.340/2006: Lei Maria da Penha

A violência contra a mulher deixa inúmeras marcas, porém, é muito difícil demonstrar, pois é cometida pelo autor sem deixar marcas visíveis, ocorre sem que as pessoas de fora do ambiente familiar percebam o que acontece. Muitas vezes a violência é exercida também contra os demais familiares, é uma forma muito grave de violência, porque ocorre de maneira silenciosa, diariamente, gerando grandes traumas nas vítimas. O objetivo geral do artigo foi demonstrar os principais pontos relacionados a violência psicológica contra a mulher. Abordar a dificuldade de percepção dos fatos e ausência de denúncia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Com os abusos psicológicos a vítima acaba mudando o comportamento, tornando-se refém dos autores, na grande maioria das vezes, não consegue sair desse ciclo, porque tem vergonha, medo e se torna totalmente vulnerável, não conseguindo procurar ajuda para se afastar do agressor

Three-dimensional architecture of hair-cell linkages as revealedby electron-microscopic tomography

The senses of hearing and balance rest upon mechanoelectrical transduction by the hair bundles of hair cells in the inner ear. Located at the apical cellular surface, each hair bundle comprises several tens of stereocilia and a single kinocilium that are interconnected by extracellular proteinaceous links. Using electron-microscopic tomography of bullfrog saccular sensory epithelia, we examined the three-dimensional structures of ankle or basal links, kinociliary links, and tip links. We observed clear differences in the dimensions and appearances of the three links. We found two distinct populations of tip links suggestive of the involvement of two proteins or splice variants. We noted auxiliary links connecting the upper portions of tip links to the taller stereocilia. Tip links and auxiliary links show a tendency to adopt a globular conformation when disconnected from the membrane surface

Ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de powerlifting pré-completicação

Atletas de Powerlifting apresentam necessidades diferenciadas para macro e micronutrientes, a fim de atender as necessidades especiais de seus treinos e competições. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de Powerlifting uma semana antes da competição. Participaram da amostra 21 atletas competidores de nível estadual do Estado do Paraná - Brasil com idade média de 28,9 ± 11,1 anos. A avaliação dietética foi realizada por meio do registro alimentar de três dias. Estes registros foram preenchidos pelos próprios atletas, após prévia orientação. Os resultados demonstram ingestão hiperproteica, hipoglicídica e hipolipídica e consumo inadequado abaixo para vitaminas C e K, Cálcio, Zinco, e acima para vitaminas B1, B6, B12 e Ferro. Os resultados da presente pesquisa indicaram que a ingestão energética dos atletas, uma semana antes da competição, se mostrou inapropriada em comparação com a necessidade energética total recomendada. ABSTRACT Ingestão dietética de macro e micronutrientes em atletas de powerlifting pré-competiçãoPowerlifting athletes have different needs for macro and micronutrients in order to meet the special needs of their workouts and competitions. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake of macro and micronutrients in Powerlifting athletes one week before the competition. Twenty-one athletes from the State of Paraná - Brazil, with a mean age of 28.9 ± 11.1 years, participated in that study. The dietary assessment was performed by means of a three day’s food registry. These records were completed by the athletes themselves, after prior orientation. The results show hyperproteic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidic ingestion, and inadequate intake below for vitamins C and K, Calcium, Zinc and above for vitamins B1, B6, B12 and Iron. The results of the present study indicated that the athletes' energy intake one week before the competition proved to be inappropriate compared to the total recommended energy requirement

Variabilidade genética de caracteres forrageiros em Paspalum

The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability and the expression of traits of interest for forage production in species of Paspalum. The experiments were carried out in different locations and crop years in randomized block design with three replicates. Five accessions of P. nicorae and two of P. guenoarum were evaluated, besides the cultivar Pensacola (P. notatum), used as a control. The following traits were determined: leaf/stalk ratio; harvest index; and total, leaf, and stalk dray matter. Both main effects (genotype, years, and locations) and the interactions among factors had significant influence on the evaluated traits. The evaluated accessions showed genetic variability in traits of interest for forage production, and their performance varied according to the location and year of cultivation. Total and leaf dry matter production are the traits that most contribute to the detection of the observed genetic variability, regardless of the year of evaluation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade genética e a expressão de caracteres de interesse forrageiro em espécies de Paspalum. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em diferentes locais e anos de cultivo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliados cinco acessos de P. nicorae e dois de P. guenoarum, além da cultivar Pensacola (P. notatum), utilizada como testemunha. Foram quantificados os seguintes caracteres: relação folha/colmo, índice de colheita e massa de matéria seca total, de folhas e de colmo. Tanto os efeitos principais (genótipos, anos e locais de cultivo) quanto a interação entre os fatores tiveram influência significativa sobre os caracteres avaliados. Os acessos avaliados apresentam variabilidade genética em caracteres de interesse forrageiro, bem como desempenho variável de acordo com o local e o ano de cultivo. A produção de matéria seca total e de folhas são os caracteres que mais contribuem para a detecção da variabilidade genética observada, independentemente do ano de avaliação

Genetic variability of forage traits in Paspalum

The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability and the expression of traits of interest for forage production in species of Paspalum. The experiments were carried out in different locations and crop years in randomized block design with three replicates. Five accessions of P. nicorae and two of P. guenoarum were evaluated, besides the cultivar Pensacola (P. notatum), used as a control. The following traits were determined: leaf/stalk ratio; harvest index; and total, leaf, and stalk dray matter. Both main effects (genotype, years, and locations) and the interactions among factors had significant influence on the evaluated traits. The evaluated accessions showed genetic variability in traits of interest for forage production, and their performance varied according to the location and year of cultivation. Total and leaf dry matter production are the traits that most contribute to the detection of the observed genetic variability, regardless of the year of evaluation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade genética e a expressão de caracteres de interesse forrageiro em espécies de Paspalum. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em diferentes locais e anos de cultivo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliados cinco acessos de P. nicorae e dois de P. guenoarum, além da cultivar Pensacola (P. notatum), utilizada como testemunha. Foram quantificados os seguintes caracteres: relação folha/colmo, índice de colheita e massa de matéria seca total, de folhas e de colmo. Tanto os efeitos principais (genótipos, anos e locais de cultivo) quanto a interação entre os fatores tiveram influência significativa sobre os caracteres avaliados. Os acessos avaliados apresentam variabilidade genética em caracteres de interesse forrageiro, bem como desempenho variável de acordo com o local e o ano de cultivo. A produção de matéria seca total e de folhas são os caracteres que mais contribuem para a detecção da variabilidade genética observada, independentemente do ano de avaliação

Kinome rewiring reveals AURKA limits PI3K-pathway inhibitor efficacy in breast cancer.

Dysregulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network is a prominent feature of breast cancers. However, clinical responses to drugs targeting this pathway have been modest, possibly because of dynamic changes in cellular signaling that drive resistance and limit drug efficacy. Using a quantitative chemoproteomics approach, we mapped kinome dynamics in response to inhibitors of this pathway and identified signaling changes that correlate with drug sensitivity. Maintenance of AURKA after drug treatment was associated with resistance in breast cancer models. Incomplete inhibition of AURKA was a common source of therapy failure, and combinations of PI3K, AKT or mTOR inhibitors with the AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 were highly synergistic and durably suppressed mTOR signaling, resulting in apoptosis and tumor regression in vivo. This signaling map identifies survival factors whose presence limits the efficacy of targeted therapies and reveals new drug combinations that may unlock the full potential of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors in breast cancer

pitx2 Deficiency Results in Abnormal Ocular and Craniofacial Development in Zebrafish

Human PITX2 mutations are associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, an autosomal-dominant developmental disorder that involves ocular anterior segment defects, dental hypoplasia, craniofacial dysmorphism and umbilical abnormalities. Characterization of the PITX2 pathway and identification of the mechanisms underlying the anomalies associated with PITX2 deficiency is important for better understanding of normal development and disease; studies of pitx2 function in animal models can facilitate these analyses. A knockdown of pitx2 in zebrafish was generated using a morpholino that targeted all known alternative transcripts of the pitx2 gene; morphant embryos generated with the pitx2ex4/5 splicing-blocking oligomer produced abnormal transcripts predicted to encode truncated pitx2 proteins lacking the third (recognition) helix of the DNA-binding homeodomain. The morphological phenotype of pitx2ex4/5 morphants included small head and eyes, jaw abnormalities and pericardial edema; lethality was observed at ∼6–8-dpf. Cartilage staining revealed a reduction in size and an abnormal shape/position of the elements of the mandibular and hyoid pharyngeal arches; the ceratobranchial arches were also decreased in size. Histological and marker analyses of the misshapen eyes of the pitx2ex4/5 morphants identified anterior segment dysgenesis and disordered hyaloid vasculature. In summary, we demonstrate that pitx2 is essential for proper eye and craniofacial development in zebrafish and, therefore, that PITX2/pitx2 function is conserved in vertebrates

Interactive Responses of a Thalamic Neuron to Formalin Induced Lasting Pain in Behaving Mice

Thalamocortical (TC) neurons are known to relay incoming sensory information to the cortex via firing in tonic or burst mode. However, it is still unclear how respective firing modes of a single thalamic relay neuron contribute to pain perception under consciousness. Some studies report that bursting could increase pain in hyperalgesic conditions while others suggest the contrary. However, since previous studies were done under either neuropathic pain conditions or often under anesthesia, the mechanism of thalamic pain modulation under awake conditions is not well understood. We therefore characterized the thalamic firing patterns of behaving mice in response to nociceptive pain induced by inflammation. Our results demonstrated that nociceptive pain responses were positively correlated with tonic firing and negatively correlated with burst firing of individual TC neurons. Furthermore, burst properties such as intra-burst-interval (IntraBI) also turned out to be reliably correlated with the changes of nociceptive pain responses. In addition, brain stimulation experiments revealed that only bursts with specific bursting patterns could significantly abolish behavioral nociceptive responses. The results indicate that specific patterns of bursting activity in thalamocortical relay neurons play a critical role in controlling long-lasting inflammatory pain in awake and behaving mice

Development of a diagnostic protocol for dizziness in elderly patients in general practice: a Delphi procedure

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dizziness in general practice is very common, especially in elderly patients. The empirical evidence for diagnostic tests in the evaluation of dizziness is scarce. Aim of our study was to determine which set of diagnostic tests should be part of a diagnostic protocol for evaluating dizziness in elderly patients in general practice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a Delphi procedure with a panel of 16 national and international experts of all relevant medical specialities in the field of dizziness. A selection of 36 diagnostic tests, based on a systematic review and practice guidelines, was presented to the panel. Each test was described extensively, and data on test characteristics and methodological quality (assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, QUADAS) were presented. The threshold for in- or exclusion of a diagnostic test was set at an agreement of 70%.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During three rounds 21 diagnostic tests were selected, concerning patient history (4 items), physical examination (11 items), and additional tests (6 items). Five tests were excluded, although they are recommended by existing practice guidelines on dizziness. Two tests were included, although several practice guidelines question their diagnostic value. Two more tests were included that have never been recommended by practice guidelines on dizziness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study we successfully combined empirical evidence with expert opinion for the development of a set of diagnostic tests for evaluating dizziness in elderly patients. This comprehensive set of tests will be evaluated in a cross-sectional diagnostic study.</p

Deep Brain Stimulation and L-DOPA Therapy: Concepts of Action and Clinical Applications in Parkinson's Disease

L-DOPA is still the most effective pharmacological therapy for the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) almost four decades after it was first used. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a safe and highly effective treatment option in patients with PD. Even though a clear understanding of the mechanisms of both treatment methods is yet to be obtained, the combination of both treatments is the most effective standard evidenced-based therapy to date. Recent studies have demonstrated that DBS is a therapy option even in the early course of the disease, when first complications arise despite a rigorous adjustment of the pharmacological treatment. The unique feature of this therapeutic approach is the ability to preferentially modulate specific brain networks through the choice of stimulation site. The clinical effects have been unequivocally confirmed in recent studies; however, the impact of DBS and the supplementary effect of L-DOPA on the neuronal network are not yet fully understood. In this review, we present emerging data on the presumable mechanisms of DBS in patients with PD and discuss the pathophysiological similarities and differences in the effects of DBS in comparison to dopaminergic medication. Targeted, selective modulation of brain networks by DBS and pharmacodynamic effects of L-DOPA therapy on the central nervous system are presented. Moreover, we outline the perioperative algorithms for PD patients before and directly after the implantation of DBS electrodes and strategies for the reduction of side effects and optimization of motor and non-motor symptoms