THE STATUS OF CIRCULATION SECTION IN TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY CENTRAL LIBRARY

This study entitled ”The status of circulation section in Tribhuvan University Central Library” has been carried out basing upon the substantive issues raised by its users about the important aspect of circulation section, its opening time and duration. There is the problem of overdue books. And questions have been raised about the clearance certificate which is compulsory for the PG students, who, in fact are not the bonafied members of TUCL. The present study has been carried out with the objectives to find out the obvious reasons behind it revealing the present status of circulation services of TUCL. This study also discusses about the opening time of TUCL, book issued and returned per year, the users opinion about over dues and compulsory clearance system for the PG students. This study has not covered the over all aspects of TUCL, but only about its circulation section and faculty members and students of other department, are not included due to lack of time and resource. This study has great significance to know the present status of circulation system of TUCL and to find out the problem faced by PG students outside the University Campus, Kirtipur. Different literature, explaining circulation system of various academic and public libraries have been reviewed to get information related to our study. About eleven literature have been reviewed from books, Journals and web. The study has been focused on circulation system of TUCL. However, other activities like membership, overdue, and clearance certificate services have been implicitly carried out. Data have been collected using questionnaire method in this research. Collected data have been tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in a systematic way. Hundred questionnaires were distributed and they were duly filled and returned. 70 percentage of the respondents have said that they are satisfied with the present opening time and rest 30% showed their dissatisfaction. Majority of the respondents (76%) urged TUCL to provide more effective services. They ( 68%) suggested to improve the card filing strictly following alphabetical order. (68%) of the respondents expressed their concern about the proper shelving of books in the book shelves. Majority of the respondents(55%) also pointed the need of the library regular orientation program. A brief summary including all the facts and figures have been provided and a succinct conclusion has been drawn. Necessary recommendation has been made based upon the study. • Circulation service should be carried out till the library opens. • There must not be wide gap between library opening time and circulation service providing time. • Books are to be properly shelved. • Cards are to be filed strictly in alphabetical order. • Library orientation programs are to be conducted timely. • Advocacy of rules and regulation should be properly done. • Circulation section has to be well equipped technically. • Circulation staffs are to be made more cooperative and users friendly. • Some additional staffs are to be deputed in the circulation section. • New books are materials are to be supplied in the library. • The dissatisfied PG students of other campuses are to be reminded and explained about the reason and policy of TUCL

Detection of a diffusive cloak via second-order statistics

We propose a scheme to detect the diffusive cloak proposed by Schittny et al [Science 345, 427 (2014)]. We exploit the fact that diffusion of light is an approximation that disregards wave interference. The long-range contribution to intensity correlation is sensitive to locations of paths crossings and the interference inside the medium, allowing one to detect the size and position, including the depth, of the diffusive cloak. Our results also suggest that it is possible to separately manipulate the first- and the second-order statistics of wave propagation in turbid media.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Contributing Factors for Perceived Satisfaction with Nursing Care among Inpatients in General Wards

Introduction: Patients' perceived satisfaction with  quality of care may affects health outcomes. Patients who are satisfied with their nursing care are more likely to follow treatment and consequently to have better health outcomes. It encourages them to behave in a healthy way after discharge, and positive rating of service quality seems to be correlated with no hesitation about revisiting the same hospital ward in time of need. This study was done to identify the contributing factors for perceived satisfaction with nursing care among inpatients in general wards in Lumbini Medical College. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital throughout the month of August, 2015. A total of 60 heterogeneous study population from three different wards (Medical, Surgical, and Orthopedics), who gave consent for participation, were included using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Nepalese version of  Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS) was used to measure the satisfaction score. Results: There were a total of 60 respondents with mean age of 30.08 years (SD= 9.72). Male, duration of hospital stay, and number of hospital stay had a significant relation with the satisfaction score when calculated individually. However, the relationship was not significant when adjusted for other variables by linear regression. Conclusion: Majority of respondents were satisfied with the quality of nursing care. Male, duration of hospital stay, and number of hospital stay had a significant relation with the satisfaction score when calculated individually. The nurses should know the factors influencing patients' satisfaction and work on those to improve the quality of nursing care

Inverse Design of Perfectly Transmitting Eigenchannels in Scattering Media

Light-matter interactions inside turbid medium can be controlled by tailoring the spatial distribution of energy density throughout the system. Wavefront shaping allows selective coupling of incident light to different transmission eigenchannels, producing dramatically different spatial intensity profiles. In contrast to the density of transmission eigenvalues that is dictated by the universal bimodal distribution, the spatial structures of the eigenchannels are not universal and depend on the confinement geometry of the system. Here, we develop and verify a model for the transmission eigenchannel with the corresponding eigenvalue close to unity. By projecting the original problem of two-dimensional diffusion in a homogeneous scattering medium onto a one-dimensional inhomogeneous diffusion, we obtain an analytical expression relating the intensity profile to the shape of the confining waveguide. Inverting this relationship enables the inverse design of the waveguide shape to achieve the desired energy distribution for the perfectly transmitting eigenchannel. Our approach also allows to predict the intensity profile of such channel in a disordered slab with open boundaries, pointing to the possibility of controllable delivery of light to different depths with local illumination.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Identity Verification with Speech Recognition : A Study

Since verification and authentication based on speech recognition are important develop-ments in the field of information security, this study revolves around the topic of speech-based Identity verification. The goal was to create a speech recognition system that can be embedded to an existing user authentication system. For this purpose, the study relied on a free speech modelling tool and modelled a limited dictionary for speech recognition. Speech samples were collected for training and testing purposes. The training sample was collected from three respondents and the testing data from seven, including those from previous three respondents. A freely available tool, HTK Toolkit, was used to train the model with speech samples recorded from respondents. The results showed that the accuracy of the model was dependent on whether the training da-taset included the users’ speech or not. The study supports the significance of real use of the model. However, the scope of the study is not large enough for authentication and verification system

Quasinormal modes of charged magnetic black branes & chiral magnetic transport

We compute quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the metric and gauge field perturbations about black branes electrically and magnetically charged in the Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. By the gauge/gravity correspondence, this theory is dual to a particular class of field theories with a chiral anomaly, in a thermal charged plasma state subjected to a constant external magnetic field, $B$. The QNMs are dual to the poles of the two-point functions of the energy-momentum and axial current operators, and they encode information about the dissipation and transport of charges in the plasma. Complementary to the gravity calculation, we work out the hydrodynamic description of the dual field theory in the presence of a chiral anomaly, and a constant external $B$. We find good agreement with the weak field hydrodynamics, which can extend beyond the weak $B$ regime into intermediate regimes. Furthermore, we provide results that can be tested against thermodynamics and hydrodynamics in the strong $B$ regime. We find QNMs exhibiting Landau level behavior, which become long-lived at large $B$ if the anomaly coefficient exceeds a critical magnitude. Chiral transport is analyzed beyond the hydrodynamic approximation for the five (formerly) hydrodynamic modes, including a chiral magnetic wave.Comment: 29 pages + appendix, 14 figures; v2: references added, published versio