Comparative evaluation of therapeutic interventions during hemorrhagic shock

Trabalho apresentado ao 31º International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, 2011, Bruxelas

A method for accurate measurement of chemical elements concentrations present in total suspended particulates and PM 10 in the atmosphere

In this paper we present an analytic method for theidentification and the quantification of chemical elements in theatmosphere present in TSP and PM10. To the present moment, themethod is applicable to a total of 16 metals. The method was used toanalyze TSP and PM10 samples collected in the city of Canoas, in thegreater Porto Alegre, Brazil. In order to obtain relative measures ofPM10 concentrations, the method was also used to analyze samples from a neutral location. The results were checked against electronicmicroscopy findings, having an excellent agreement. Geologicalanalysis of the electronic microscopy results was used to infer thepollutants source.Apresenta-se um método analítico para a identificação ea quantificação de elementos químicos presentes nas PartículasTotais Suspensas (TSP) na atmosfera e nos particulados PM10. Estemétodo foi aplicado para a quantificação de 16 metais emsuspensão na atmosfera da região de Canoas, RS. Os resultadosforam comparados com as análises de metais presentes naatmosfera do Centro Agrícola da ULBRA, na região de Montenegro(uma área agrícola na qual a direção predominante do ventospossibilita que ela seja considerada como um ponto com mínimapoluição atmosférica) . Usou- se, também, a técnica da microscopiaeletrônica para a comparação dos resultados e para a identificaçãoda origem de várias partículas poluentes

Difference in Virulence of Mycobacterium avium Isolates Sharing Indistinguishable DNA Fingerprint Determined in Murine Model of Lung Infection

Background: Opportunistic Mycobacterium avium typically causes disease in immunocompromised patients and in some groups of apparently healthy individuals. the high virulence of some bacterial lineages increases the disease risk. High-resolution molecular genotyping studies of M. avium clinical isolates demonstrated that some genotype patterns were more prevalent than others, suggesting that close genetic relatedness of these successful isolates sharing a similar genotype could determine similar biological properties associated with high virulence.Methods and Findings: in this study, we aimed to compare the virulence and pathogenic properties of two epidemiologically unrelated M. avium isolates sharing an indistinguishable DNA fingerprint in a well-characterized model of pulmonary infection in mice, resistant or susceptible to mycobacteria. the mice, C57BL/6 wild-type or IFN-gamma gene disrupted (GKO), respectively, were intratracheally infected with two isolates, H27 (human blood isolate) and P104 (pig lymph node isolate), and the lungs were examined for bacterial loads, histopathology and cytokine gene expression. the obtained data demonstrated significant differences in the virulence properties of these strains. Although the H27 strain grew significantly faster than P104 in the early stage of infection, this bacterium induced protective immunity that started to reduce bacterial numbers in the wild-type mice, whereas the P104 strain established a chronic infection. in the GKO mice, both strains were capable of causing a chronic infection, associated with higher bacterial burdens and severe lung pathology, in a similar manner.Conclusions/Significance: the results demonstrated that the studied isolates differed in the pathogenic properties although were indistinguishable by actually widely used genotyping techniques demonstrating that the genotype similarity does not predict similarity in virulence of M. avium isolates.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Lab Biol Recognit, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Norte Fluminense, Lab Anim Morphol & Pathol, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Immunochem, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPERJ: E-26/111.6111CNPq: 410555Web of Scienc

Corpo, virtualidade e docência em Terapia Ocupacional em tempos de pandemia: primeiros impactos (2020-2021)/Body, virtuality and teaching on occupational therapy in times of pandemics: first impacts (2020-2021)

Introdução: O cotidiano de professoras de terapia ocupacional numa universidade pública brasileira, como na maior parte do mundo, foi atravessado no ano de 2020 pela pandemia global de Covid-19. Dessa maneira, as construções de corpo e os modos de viver que ocorrem através de experiências cotidianas foram afetados. As interações mediadas pelas plataformas e ambientes on-line, que já vinham se fazendo presentes nessas construções, foram intensificadas com a medida de distanciamento social e rotinas mais restritas à casa, já que o mundo virtual possibilitou a continuidade dos processos da vida pessoal e profissional. Objetivos: Este artigo busca refletir sobre como as mudanças provocadas pela pandemia afetam o corpo e como ele expressa isso, com foco na necessidade de docentes universitárias de ensinar através de relações tecnomediadas. Métodos: Para tanto, nove docentes de graduação em terapia ocupacional foram entrevistadas, de modo on-line, seguindo um roteiro com foco nos efeitos das mudanças exigidas pela pandemia no corpo e em suas vidas. Resultados: Os resultados deste artigo são apresentados seguindo um eixo corpo-docente-pandemia-virtualidade em duas categorias temáticas: I) o ser corpo docente na pandemia mediado pela virtualidade; II) estratégias criadas para enfrentamento da nova condição. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu refletir sobre as experiências do ser corpo docente na pandemia e das estratégias criadas para enfrentar as condições impostas por esse contexto. A construção de corpos e subjetividades é singular e pode ser potente na (re)criação de si e do mundo.Palavras-chave: Docência. Corpo humano. Pandemia COVID-19. Ensino onlineAbstractIntroduction: The routine of occupational therapy professors of a Brazilian public university, as in most parts of the world, was permeated by Covid-19 global pandemics in 2020. Therefore, the constructions of body and the ways of living that emerge from everyday experiences have been affected. The interactions mediated by online platforms and environments, which had already been present in these constructions, have intensified due to measures such as social distancing and more home-restricted routines, since the virtual world enabled people to carry on with their personal and professional processes. Objectives: This article seeks to reflect on how the changes caused by the pandemics affect the body and how it expresses this, focusing on university professors’ need to teach within technomediated relationships. Methods: To this end, nine occupational therapy professors were interviewed online, following a script focused on the effects of the changes required by the pandemics on their bodies and lives. Results: This article’s results are presented on a body-professor-pandemics-virtuality basis within two thematic categories: I) being a teaching body mediated by virtuality during the pandemics; II) strategies created to face this new condition. Conclusion: This study allowed us to reflect on the experiences of being a teaching body during the pandemics and on the strategies created to face the conditions imposed by such context. The construction of bodies and subjectivities is singular and can be a powerful tool in the (re)creation of the self and the world.Keywords: Teaching. Human body. COVID-19 pandemics. Online education ResumenIntroducción: El cotidiano de profesoras de terapia ocupacional en una universidad pública brasileña, así como en la mayor parte del mundo, fue afectado en el año de 2020 por la pandemia global de COVID-19. De esa manera, las construcciones del cuerpo y los modos de vivir que ocurren según experiencias cotidianas fueron afectados. Las interacciones mediadas por las plataformas y ambientes en línea, que ya estaban presentes en esas construcciones, fueron intensificadas con la medida de distanciamiento social y rutinas más restrictas a la casa, una vez que el mundo virtual ha posibilitado la continuidad de los procesos de la vida personal y profesional. Objetivos: Este artículo busca reflexionar al respecto de los cambios provocados por la pandemia en el cuerpo y como él lo expresa eso, con énfasis en la necesidad de docentes universitarias de enseñar a través de relaciones tecnomediadas. Métodos: Para tanto, nueve docentes de grados en terapia ocupacional fueron entrevistadas, de modo en línea, bajo una pauta con énfasis en los efectos de los cambios exigidos por la pandemia en el cuerpo y en sus vidas. Resultados: Los resultados de este artículo son presentados siguiendo un eje cuerpo-docente-pandemia-virtualidad en dos categorías temáticas: I) el ser cuerpo docente en la pandemia mediado por la virtualidad; II) estrategias creadas para enfrentamiento de la nueva condición. Conclusión: Este estudio permitió reflexionar al respecto de las experiencias del ser cuerpo docente en la pandemia y de las estrategias creadas para enfrentar las condiciones impuestas por ese contexto. La construcción de cuerpos y subjetividades es singular y puede ser potente en la (re)creación de si y del mundo.Palabras clave: Empleos Subvencionados. Prisiones. Política Públic

Neuroimmune and inflammatory signals in complex disorders of the central nervous system

An extensive microglial-astrocyte-monocyte-neuronal cross talk seems to be crucial for normal brain function, development, and recovery. However, under certain conditions neuroinflammatory interactions between brain cells and neuroimmune cells influence disease outcome and brain pathology. Microglial cells express a range of functional states with dynamically pleomorphic profiles from a surveilling status of synaptic transmission to an active player in major events of development such as synaptic elimination, regeneration, and repair. Also, inflammation mediates a series of neurotoxic roles in neuropsychiatric conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. The present review discusses data on the involvement of neuroinflammatory conditions that alter neuroimmune interactions in four different pathologies. In the first section of this review, we discuss the ability of the early developing brain to respond to a focal lesion with a rapid compensatory plasticity of intact axons and the role of microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines in brain repair. In the second section, we present data of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders and discuss the role of reactive astrocytes in motor neuron toxicity and the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the third section, we discuss major depressive disorders as the consequence of dysfunctional interactions between neural and immune signals that result in increased peripheral immune responses and increase proinflammatory cytokines. In the last section, we discuss autism spectrum disorders and altered brain circuitries that emerge from abnormal long-term responses of innate inflammatory cytokines and microglial phenotypic dysfunctions.Fil: Liberman, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; ArgentinaFil: Trias, Emiliano. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Da Silva Chagas, Luana. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Trindade, Pablo. No especifíca;Fil: Dos Santos Pereira, Marissol. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Refojo, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires - Instituto Partner de la Sociedad Max Planck; ArgentinaFil: Hedin Pereira, Cecilia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Serfaty, Claudio A.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasi

Are bisphosphonates effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain? A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. Pain and reduced function are the main symptoms in this prevalent disease. There are currently no treatments for OA that modify disease progression; therefore analgesic drugs and joint replacement for larger joints are the standard of care. In light of several recent studies reporting the use of bisphosphonates for OA treatment, our work aimed to evaluate published literature to assess the effectiveness of bisphosphonates in OA treatment

ESTUDO DA CIRCULAÇÃO DOS POLUENTES ENTRE A ATMOSFERA, ÁGUAS E SEDIMENTOS NO ARROIO SAPUCAIA, BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO GUAÍBA, RS E REPASSE PARA MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS MARGINAIS

Neste trabalho foi estudada a qualidade das águas, do ar, de macrófitas aquáticas e sedimentospertencentes a sub-bacia do arroio Sapucaia, um afluente do rio dos Sinos, integrante da bacia hidrográficado lago Guaíba, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas determinações de parâmetros físicoquímicosnas amostras coletadas, bem como a determinação das concentrações dos elementos Al, Cu,Mn e Zn presentes em Partículas Totais em Suspensão na atmosfera. Foi estudada sua correlação como repasse à água, sedimento, macrófitas e peixes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os efeitos dospoluentes variam de acordo com as peculiaridades de cada uma das áreas ao longo do arroio Sapucaiade acordo, evidenciando a interferência antrópica com o ecossistema existente.Palavras-chaves: bacia hidrográfica, partículas atmosféricas e ação antrópica

Feasibility of MRI-guided large-core-needle biopsy of suspiscious breast lesions at 3 T

The feasibility of large-core-needle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided breast biopsy at 3 T was assessed. Thirty-one suspicious breast lesions shown only by MRI were detected in 30 patients. Biopsy procedures were performed in a closed-bore 3-T clinical MR system on a dedicated phased-array breast coil with a commercially available add-on stereotactic biopsy device. Tissue sampling was technically successful in 29/31 (94%) lesions. Median lesion size (n = 29) was 9 mm. Histopathological analysis showed 19 benign lesions (66%) and one inconclusive biopsy result (3%). At follow-up of these lesions, 15 lesions showed no malignancy, no information was available in three patients and two lesions turned out to be malignant (one lesion at surgical excision 1 month after biopsy and one lesion at a second biopsy because of a more malignant enhancement curve at 12-months follow-up MRI). Nine biopsy results showed a malignant lesion (31%) which were all surgically removed. No complications occurred. MRI-guided biopsy at 3 T is a safe and effective method for breast biopsy in lesions that are occult on mammography and ultrasound. Follow-up MRI at 6 months after the biopsy should be performed in case of a benign biopsy result

The pharmacological regulation of cellular mitophagy

Small molecules are pharmacological tools of considerable value for dissecting complex biological processes and identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Recently, the cellular quality-control process of mitophagy has attracted considerable research interest; however, the limited availability of suitable chemical probes has restricted our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Current approaches to initiate mitophagy include acute dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by mitochondrial uncouplers (for example, FCCP/CCCP) and the use of antimycin A and oligomycin to impair respiration. Both approaches impair mitochondrial homeostasis and therefore limit the scope for dissection of subtle, bioenergy-related regulatory phenomena. Recently, novel mitophagy activators acting independently of the respiration collapse have been reported, offering new opportunities to understand the process and potential for therapeutic exploitation. We have summarized the current status of mitophagy modulators and analyzed the available chemical tools, commenting on their advantages, limitations and current applications