Avaliação de desempenho da produção de frangos de corte no Brasil utilizando a Análise Envoltória de Dados e o Índice de Malmquist

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronegócios, 2014.Este trabalho buscou analisar a eficiência e a evolução da produtividade da produção de frangos de corte no Brasil e seus fatores determinantes, durante os anos de 2006 a 2008, utilizando a Análise Envoltória de Dados - DEA e o Índice de Produtividade de Malmquist - IPM. Os dados utilizados são da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA Suínos e Aves e da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento – CONAB, que disponibilizam os custos de produção da etapa integrada para três tipos de aviários. Isso permitiu escolher 24 unidades de análise dos oito principais estados produtores usando cada um dos três tipos de aviários. Os índices de eficiência DEA apontaram que nos três anos analisados a maioria das unidades foi ineficiente tecnicamente, sendo possível aumentar a produção ao mesmo tempo em que eliminariam desperdícios. Além disso, identificou-se que algumas operaram em escala inadequada. Na análise dinâmica, com o Índice de Produtividade de Malmquist, percebeu-se que ao longo dos três anos observados quase todas as unidades apresentaram queda nos índices de produtividade, motivada pela diminuição da eficiência técnica, porém principalmente pela variação negativa da tecnologia. Esses resultados, em geral, devem estar relacionados a fatores externos e internos. Nesse sentido, medidas para mitigar os fatores negativos externos e políticas que incentivem, principalmente, a concessão de crédito para modernização e desenvolvimento do setor, se fazem necessárias. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis research sought to analyze the efficiency and the productivity of Brazilian’s broiler production, and its influence factors between the years of 2006 to 2008, utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA and Malmquist’s Productivity Index. The data sources are “Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – EMBRAPA Suínos e Aves” and “Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento – CONAB”, who give the production costs of the integrated stage away, by Brazilian state, for the three types of aviaries. For that matter, it has been chosen 24 units to be assessed from the eight main producer states, using each of the three types of aviaries. The results of DEA efficiency index shown that, within the three years, most of the units were technically inefficient, and that it is possible to increase the production as well as cut losses. Beyond that, they operate in inadequate scale. Dynamic analysis readings, with Malmquist’s Productivity Index, shown that almost all units had their productivity index decreased within the three year span, motivated by technical efficiency decrease, but mainly caused by the technology negative discrepancy. These results, in general, might be related to the internal and external factors. In this context, measures to relieve external negative factors and stimulus policies, mainly credit grant to update and develop the sector, are needed

Desafios na Aquisição da Leitura e Escrita: Uma Revisão de Literatura sobre o Ensino Fundamental II

Resumo: Este artigo explora as dificuldades na aquisição de leitura e escrita entre alunos do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, destacando barreiras e estratégias eficazes identificadas em pesquisas recentes. O estudo, utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa e uma revisão bibliográfica detalhada, conforme recomendado por Oliveira (2008), analisa como esses desafios afetam o ensino-aprendizagem, propondo práticas pedagógicas que mitigam essas dificuldades. Os resultados apontam que a falta de motivação, as dificuldades de compreensão fonética e a inadequação dos materiais didáticos aos contextos culturais e sociais dos alunos são as principais barreiras encontradas. Foi observado que estratégias que integram leitura e escrita ao desenvolvimento cultural e social dos estudantes são particularmente benéficas, melhorando não apenas as habilidades técnicas, mas também o engajamento e o interesse dos alunos pelo aprendizado. A pesquisa também ressalta a importância de os educadores adaptarem suas metodologias para refletir a diversidade cultural e social da população estudantil. Isso inclui a implementação de currículos que promovam a relevância social da leitura e da escrita, incentivando os alunos a interagir com uma variedade de textos e contextos. Essa abordagem enriquece a experiência educacional e prepara os alunos para aplicar suas habilidades de leitura e escrita em situações práticas da vida cotidiana. Concluímos que uma abordagem pedagógica mais holística e integrada é essencial para superar as barreiras no ensino de leitura e escrita. As práticas educacionais e os currículos devem ser revistos e adaptados para valorizar a diversidade linguística e cultural, reconhecendo a leitura e a escrita como práticas sociais fundamentais. Tal mudança pode cultivar uma geração de leitores e escritores mais competentes e críticos, capazes de participar de forma significativa na sociedade. Palavras-chave: Leitura. Escrita. Ensino Fundamental. Dificuldades de aprendizagem

Physical activity in cerebral palsy: a current state study

[Abstract] This document analyzes a survey conducted in three geographical areas in Spain, focusing on centers for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). The study aims to determine the adherence rate to recommended physical activity guidelines, assess if there is a decline in interest in physical activity over time, identify the stage at which this decline occurs, and explore potential mechanisms, tools, or strategies to sustain long-term engagement in regular physical activity for this population. The 36-item questionnaire comprises multiple-choice, open-ended, and Likert scale-type questions. Data were collected on physical activity frequency and duration, daily living activities, and demographics. Statistical analysis identified patterns and relationships between variables. Findings reveal that only a 17.6% meets the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations regarding regular physical activity (RPA), decreasing in frequency or number of days a week, (3.7 d/w to 2.9 d/w; p < 0.01) and duration (50.5 min/d to 45.2 min/d; p < 0.001) with age, especially for those with higher Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) mobility levels. Obesity slightly correlates with session duration (p = −0.207; p < 0.05), not mobility limitations. Gender has no significant impact on mobility, communication, or physical activity, while age affects variables such as body mass index (BMI) and engagement (p < 0.01). A substantial proportion follows regular physical activities based on health professionals’ advice, with interest decreasing with age. To improve adherence, focusing on sports-oriented goals, group sessions, and games is recommended. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized programs, particularly for older individuals and those with greater mobility limitations.This research was funded by: (a) project AAI, Grant PID2019-104323RB-C32, (b) project AIRPLANE, Grant PID2019-104323RB-C31, (c) project MATCH, Grant PID2019-104323RB-C33 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Spain’s Ministry of Science and Innovation.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i/PID2019%sF104323RB%2FC32/ES/INTERACCION AFECTIVA AUMENTADAinfo_eu-repo/GrantAgreement/AEI/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i/PID2019%2F104323RB%2FC31/ES/INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL Y PLATAFORMAS ROBOTICAS MOVILES PARA LA MEJORA DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DE LAS PERSONAS CON DIVERSIDAD FUNCIONALinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i/PID2019%2F104323RB%2FC33/ES/EVALUACION Y ASESORAMIENTO PARA LA MEJOR EFICIENCIA Y EFECTIVIDAD DE LA TECNOLOGIA DE APOY

La igualdad de género: ¿por qué Brasil está experimentando retrocesos?

Brazil now faces a backlash against gender equality, which negatively impact women's health policies, especially those concerning sexual and reproductive rights. This backlash is a result of a long process that has intensified because of growing religious conservatism in government. However, the current moment is even more critical

The Spanish Version of the Functional Rating Index in Patients With Low Back Pain: Preliminary Results of the Validation Study

Objective: To assess the reliability, validity, and the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Functional Rating Index (Sp-FRI) in a preliminary cohort of patients with low back pain (LBP). Design: Prospective observational multicenter study. Setting: Outpatient physical therapy clinics and units from public and private settings. Participants: Patients with LBP (NZ22; 52.5 12.5y) entered the study. Interventions: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed following inter- national guidelines through a 5-step procedure. Main Outcome Measures: The Sp-FRI was administered along with the Spanish version of Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (Sp-RMDQ) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) index. Preliminary testing included readability, comprehensibility, ceiling and floor effects, reliability, and validity. Statistical analysis was based on the Fernandez-Huerta index, and the calculation of Cronbach alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Spearman

WAT ALTERATIONS IN DIABETIC MICE: ITS CONNECTION AND IMPLICATION IN AD PATHOGENESIS

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder and multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in AD onset and progression. Recent evidences have suggested that metabolic alterations are an important pathological feature in disease progression in AD. Likewise, diabetes and obesity, two mayor metabolic illnesses associated with white adipose tissue expansion, are risk factors for AD. Here, we hypothesize that the white adipose tissue may serve as a key communicator organ between the brain and peripheral metabolic illnesses. We used histological stains, immunohistochemistry and biochemical means to determine changes in the white adipose tissue from WT and db/db mice. Moreover, similar techniques were used in the brain of 3xTg-AD mice that received white fat pads from WT and db/db donors to determine any changes in amyloid and tau pathology. Our study shows that recipient 3xTg-AD mice from db/db fat pads mice develop profound changes in tau pathology due to increased CDK5/p25 expression compared to 3xTg-AD mice that received fad pads from WT mice. This increment in tau level was associated with elevated levels in IL-1β and microglial activation. However, we found that Aβ levels were reduced in recipient 3xTg-AD mice from db/db fat pads compared to 3xTg- AD mice that received fad pads from WT mice. These reduction in Aβ levels were correlated with an increment in microglia phagocytic capacity. Overall, our study demonstrates a novel important crosstalk between AD and diabetes type II through white adipose cells and a differential effect on tau and Aβ pathology

Normas de género entre jóvenes “Sin Tierra”: evidencias para la práctica social de enfermería

Objective: Analyzing the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of youth from the Landless Rural Workers’ Movement in Brazil (MST) regarding the prevalence ratio being in accordance with gender norms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted during a Journey of Agroecology carried out in the State of Paraná with young people (15 to 29 years) of both genders. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires. Data analysis compared variables regarding gender norms with sociodemographic variables, and a Prevalence Ratio (PR) was calculated with a confidence interval (CI) set at 95% in order to determine this relationship. Results: The study sample was comprised of 147 young people. A higher prevalence was found in accordance with gender norms (PR with CI at 95%) among women compared to men, and that sociodemographic characteristics (lower education level, those living in occupation camps, who do not have white skin and with religious belief) were social indicators for such positioning among both genders. Conclusion: The byproduct of a patriarchal gender system has led more young girls to internalization and a reaffirmation of gender norms, highlighting an important field for social nursing practices in order to contribute to the transformation of this reality.Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as características sociodemográficas de jovens do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra quanto à razão de prevalência para estarem em acordo com as normas de gênero. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado durante uma Jornada de Agroecologia sediada no Estado do Paraná, com jovens (15 a 29 anos) de ambos os sexos. A coleta de dados foi conduzida por meio da aplicação de questionário. A análise dos dados comparou variáveis sobre normas de gênero em relação às sociodemográficas e, para avaliar tal relação, calculou-se a Razão de Prevalência (RP) com Intervalo de Confiança (IC) aos 95%. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 147 jovens. Observou-se maior prevalência para o acordo com as normas de gênero (RP com IC aos 95%) entre as mulheres em relação aos homens, e que características sociodemográficas (menor escolarização, que vivem em acampamento, de pele não branca e com crença religiosa) foram indicadores sociais para tal posicionamento entre ambos os sexos. Conclusão: O subproduto de um regime de gênero patriarcal tem levado mais as jovens à interiorização e à reafirmação das normas de gênero, evidenciando um importante campo de atuação para as práticas sociais de enfermagem, com vistas a contribuir para a transformação desta realidade.Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas de jóvenes del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra en cuanto a la razón de prevalencia para estar de acuerdo con la normas de género. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado durante una Jornada de Agroecología celebrada en el Estado de Paraná, con jóvenes (15 a 29 años) de ambos sexos. La recolección de datos fue conducida mediante la aplicación de cuestionario. El análisis de los datos comparó las variables sobre normas de género con relación a las sociodemográficas y, para evaluar dicha relación, se calculó la Razón de Prevalencia (RP) con Intervalo de Confianza (IC) a los 95%. Resultados: La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta de 147 jóvenes. Se observó mayor prevalencia para la conformidad con las normas de género (RP con IC a los 95%) entre las mujeres en relación a los hombres y que las características demográficas (menor escolarización, que viven en campamento, de piel no blanca y con creencia religiosa) fueron indicadores sociales para dicha postura entre ambos sexos. Conclusión: El subproducto de un régimen de género patriarcal está llevando cada vez más a las jóvenes a la interiorización y la reafirmación de las normas de género, evidenciando un importante campo de actuación para las prácticas sociales de enfermería, con vistas a contribuir a la transformación de esa realidad

Human amyloid seeds aggregate more efficient than seeds from old 3xtg-ad mice

Aims: Most age-associated neurodegenerative disorders involve the aggregation of specific proteins within the nervous system, as occurs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence indicates that Aβ can misfold and aggregate into seeds that structurally corrupt native proteins, mimicking a prion-like process of template protein corruption or seeding. In fact, studies in animal models show that the injection of brain homogenates from AD patients or from aged APP-transgenic mice containing Aβ aggregates, can induce some of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. However, it is still unknown which Aβ-misfolded species are most efficient in triggering the aggregation process. Here, we seek to perform a comparative study to determine whether Aβ seeds from humans vs a familial AD line (the 3xTg-AD model) is more efficient to generate amyloid aggregates. Methods: We employed histological and molecular approaches to determine amyloid level, species and aggregative capacity of brain homogenates from an AD patient (stage C for amyloid, from the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at UCI) vs old-3xTg-AD mice (25-month-old). Such brain homogenates were injected into the hippocampus of 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice and the mice were analyzed at 18 months of age. Results: Our findings demonstrated that amyloid seeds from the human patient have more capacity to generate Aβ plaques vs seeds from aged 3xTg-AD mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that seeds from human patients seem to be more amyloidogenic than from aged 3xTg-AD mice. Thus, more profound understanding these factors will provide key insight on how amyloid pathology progress in AD.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Hsp90 orchestrates transcriptional regulation by Hsf1 and cell wall remodelling by MAPK signalling during thermal adaptation in a pathogenic yeast

Acknowledgments We thank Rebecca Shapiro for creating CaLC1819, CaLC1855 and CaLC1875, Gillian Milne for help with EM, Aaron Mitchell for generously providing the transposon insertion mutant library, Jesus Pla for generously providing the hog1 hst7 mutant, and Cathy Collins for technical assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Human and mouse seeds differentially affect AB aggregation by modulating the inflammatory response.

Abstract text: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative proteinopathy in which Aβ can misfold and aggregate into seeds that structurally corrupt native proteins, mimicking a prionlike process. These amyloid aggregation and propagation processes are influenced by three factors: the origin of the Aβ seed, time of incubation and host. However, the mechanism underlying the differential effect of each factor is poorly known. Previous studies have shown that the Aβ source is relevant for the amyloid process, since its pathogenicity is different according to its origin. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that microglia plays a key role in the amyloidogenic event, and can modulate the propagation and aggregation process. Here, we seek to perform a comparative study to determine whether Aβ seeds from humans vs a familial AD line (the 3xTg-AD model) are more efficient to generate amyloid aggregates, as well as the role of the microglia in the propagation process. Methods: Amyloid seeds from AD patient (stage C for amyloid; from the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at UCI) and 25 mo-3xTg-AD mice were injected into the hippocampus of 7-8- month-old 3xTg-AD mice. They were analyzed 10 months post-surgery for amyloid and microglia markers. Results: Our findings demonstrated that amyloid seeds from the human patient seem to induce a more aggressive amyloid pathology compared to seeds from aged 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, human and mice seeds differentially affect the presence of plaque-associated microglia in 3xTgAD mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that seeds from human patients seem to be more amyloidogenic than from aged 3xTg-AD mice, and also microglia cells may play a key role in this differential effect. Therefore, more profound understanding these factors will provide key insight on how amyloid pathology progresses in AD.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech