1,943 research outputs found
Use of cumulative mortality data in patients with acute myocardial infarction for early detection of variation in clinical practice: observational study
OBJECTIVES: Use of cumulative mortality adjusted for
case mix in patients with acute myocardial infarction
for early detection of variation in clinical practice.
DESIGN: Observational study.
SETTING: 20 hospitals across the former Yorkshire
region.
PARTICIPANTS: All 2153 consecutive patients with
confirmed acute myocardial infarction identified
during three months.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Variable lifeadjusted
displays showing cumulative differences between
observed and expected mortality of patients; expected
mortality calculated from risk model based on
admission characteristics of age, heart rate, and
systolic blood pressure.
RESULTS: The performance of two individual hospitals
over three months was examined as an example. One,
the smallest district hospital in the region, had a series
of 30 consecutive patients but had five more deaths
than predicted. The variable lifeadjusted display
showed minimal variation from that predicted for the
first 15 patients followed by a run of unexpectedly
high mortality. The second example was the main
tertiary referral centre for the region, which admitted
188 consecutive patients. The display showed a period
of apparently poor performance followed by
substantial improvement, where the plot rose steadily
from a cumulative net lives saved of - 4 to 7. These
variations in patient outcome are unlikely to have
been revealed during conventional audit practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Variable lifeadjusted display has been
integrated into surgical care as a graphical display of
riskadjusted survival for individual surgeons or centres.
In combination with a simple risk model, it may have a
role in monitoring performance and outcome in
patients with acute myocardial infarction
Radiocarbon Date List X: Baffin Bay, Baffin Island, Iceland, Labrador Sea, and the Northern North Atlantic
Date List X contains an annotated listing of 213 radiocarbon dates determined on samples from marine and terrestrial environments. The marine samples were collected from the East Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, and Norwegian margins, Baffin Bay, and Labrador Sea. The terrestrial samples were collected from Vestfirdir, Iceland and Baffin Island. The samples were submitted by INSTAAR and researchers affiliated with INSTAAR\u27s Micropaleontology Laboratory under the direction of Dr.’s John T. Andrews and Anne E. Jennings. All of the dates from marine sediment cores were determined from either shells or foraminifera (both benthic and planktic). All dates were obtained by the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) method. Regions of concentrated marine research include: Baffin Bay, Baffin Island, Labrador Sea, East Greenland fjords, shelf and slope, Denmark Strait, the southwestern and northwestern Iceland shelves, and Vestfirdir, Iceland. The non-marine radiocarbon dates are from peat, wood, plant microfossils, and mollusc. The radiocarbon dates have been used to address a variety of research objectives such as: 1. determining the timing of northern hemisphere high latitude environmental changes including glacier advance and retreat, and 2. assessing the accuracy of a fluctuating reservoir correction. Thus, most of the dates constrain the timing, rate, and interaction of late Quaternary paleoenvironmental fluctuations in sea level, glacier extent, sediment input, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. Where significant, stratigraphic and sample contexts are presented for each core to document the basis for interpretations
Constraints on the SU(3) Electroweak Model
We consider a recent proposal by Dimopoulos and Kaplan to embed the
electroweak SU(2)_L X U(1)_Y into a larger group SU(3)_W X SU(2) X U(1) at a
scale above a TeV. This idea is motivated by the prediction for the weak mixing
angle sin^2 theta_W = 1/4, which naturally appears in these models so long as
the gauge couplings of the high energy SU(2) and U(1) groups are moderately
large. The extended gauge dynamics results in new effective operators that
contribute to four-fermion interactions and Z pole observables. We calculate
the corrections to these electroweak precision observables and carry out a
global fit of the new physics to the data. For SU(2) and U(1) gauge couplings
larger than 1, we find that the 95% C.L. lower bound on the matching (heavy
gauge boson mass) scale is 11 TeV. We comment on the fine-tuning of the high
energy gauge couplings needed to allow matching scales above our bounds. The
remnants of SU(3)_W breaking include multi-TeV SU(2)_L doublets with electric
charge (+-2,+-1). The lightest charged gauge boson is stable, leading to
cosmological difficulties.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures embedded, uses JHEP.cl
Tracing groundwater flow and sources of organic carbon in sandstone aquifers using fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM)
The fluorescence properties of groundwaters from sites in two UK aquifers, the Penrith Sandstone of Cumbria and the Sherwood Sandstone of South Yorkshire, were investigated using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. Both aquifers are regionally important sources of public supply water and are locally impacted by anthropogenic pollution. The Penrith Sandstone site is in a rural setting while the Sherwood Sandstone site is in suburban Doncaster. Fluorescence analysis of samples from discrete sample depths in the Penrith Sandstone shows decreasing fulvic-like intensities with depth and also shows a good correlation with CFC-12, an anthropogenic groundwater tracer. Tryptophan- like fluorescence centres in the depth profile may also provide evidence of rapid routing of relatively recent applications of organic slurry along fractures. Fluorescence analysis of groundwater sampled from multi-level piezometers installed within the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer also shows regions of tryptophan-like and relatively higher fulvic-like signatures. The fluorescence intensity profile in the piezometers shows tryptophan-like peaks at depths in excess of 50 metres and mirrors the pattern exhibited by microbial species and CFCs highlighting the deep and rapid penetration of modern recharge due to rapid fracture flow. Fluorescence analysis has allowed the rapid assessment of different types and relative abundances of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the fingerprinting of different sources of organic carbon within the groundwater system. The tryptophan:fulvic ratios found in the Penrith Sandstone were found to be between (0.5–3.0) and are characteristic of ratios from sheep waste sources. The Sherwood Sandstone has the lowest ratios (0.2–0.4) indicating a different source of DOM, most likely a mixture of terrestrial and microbial sources, although there is little evidence of pollution from leaking urban sewage systems. Results from these two studies suggest that intrinsic fluorescence may be used as a proxy for, or complimentary tool to, other groundwater investigation methods in helping provide a conceptual model of groundwater flow and identifying different sources of DOM within the groundwater system
Friction force on a vortex due to the scattering of superfluid excitations in helium II
The longitudinal friction acting on a vortex line in superfluid He is
investigated within a simple model based on the analogy between such vortex
dynamics and that of the quantal Brownian motion of a charged point particle in
a uniform magnetic field. The scattering of superfluid quasiparticle
excitations by the vortex stems from a translationally invariant interaction
potential which, expanded to first order in the vortex velocity operator, gives
rise to vortex transitions between nearest Landau levels. The corresponding
friction coefficient is shown to be, in the limit of elastic scattering
(vanishing cyclotron frequency), equivalent to that arising from the Iordanskii
formula. Proposing a simple functional form for the scattering amplitude, with
only one adjustable parameter whose value is set in order to get agreement to
the Iordanskii result for phonons, an excellent agreement is also found with
the values derived from experimental data up to temperatures about 1.5 K.
Finite values of the cyclotron frequency arising from recent theories are shown
to yield similar results. The incidence of vortex-induced quasiparticle
transitions on the friction process is estimated to be, in the roton dominated
regime, about 50 % of the value of the friction coefficient, 8 % of which
corresponds to roton-phonon transitions and 42 % to roton
ones.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected, to be published in PR
Beam Test Results of the BTeV Silicon Pixel Detector
The results of the BTeV silicon pixel detector beam test carried out at
Fermilab in 1999-2000 are reported. The pixel detector spatial resolution has
been studied as a function of track inclination, sensor bias, and readout
threshold.Comment: 8 pages of text, 8 figures, Proceedings paper of Pixel 2000:
International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and
X-Rays, Genova, June 5-8, 200
Low energy pre-blended mortars: Part 2 – Production and characterisation of mortars using a novel lime drying technique
The presence of free water in mortars destined for silo or bagged storage can lead to the degradation of the binder phase. Such water may be present as a result of using wet, as-delivered sand or as a consequence of prior processes such as de-activation of Roman cement. Thus, water must be removed from the system prior to storage. Part 1 of this paper describes the control of a technique by which quicklime is added to the wet system which principally dries it by both slaking the quicklime and evaporation as a consequence of the exothermic slaking reaction. Two examples of mortars are presented in which excess water is removed from the system by the inclusion of quicklime. In the first, the water is present in the as-delivered sand and the binder is a combination of the slaked lime and ggbs. In the second, the water remains after pre-hydration of a Roman cement which is a process to retard its rapid
setting characteristics. It is shown that optimally dried mortars are not subject to degradation following storage of both mortar types
Performance of prototype BTeV silicon pixel detectors in a high energy pion beam
The silicon pixel vertex detector is a key element of the BTeV spectrometer.
Sensors bump-bonded to prototype front-end devices were tested in a high energy
pion beam at Fermilab. The spatial resolution and occupancies as a function of
the pion incident angle were measured for various sensor-readout combinations.
The data are compared with predictions from our Monte Carlo simulation and very
good agreement is found.Comment: 24 pages, 20 figure
Beam Test of BTeV Pixel Detectors
The silicon pixel vertex detector is one of the key elements of the BTeV
spectrometer. Detector prototypes were tested in a beam at Fermilab. We report
here on the measured spatial resolution as a function of the incident angles
for different sensor-readout electronics combinations. We compare the results
with predictions from our Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Invited talk given by J.C. Wang at "Vertex 2000,
9th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors", Michigan, Sept 10-15, 2000.
To be published in NIM
Influence of substrate and sand characteristics on Roman cement mortar performance
When formulating repair mortars standard test specimens should be used with caution as these cannot be considered representative of samples of mortars collected on site. This work reports an approach to repair mortar formulation which takes into account the influence of porous substrates, sand characteristics and mortar thickness on the properties of both fresh and hardened Roman cement mortars. It is shown that mortars cast on a dry absorbent substrate show modified properties such as increased strength and decreased water absorption coefficient, the degree of which is a function of sand grading and surface characteristics, sample thickness and substrate sorptivity
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