Asymptotic properties for Volterra integro-dynamic systems

Using the resolvent matrix, a comparison principle and a useful equivalent system, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of linear Volterra integro-dynamic systems on time scales

Adaptive Machine Translation with Large Language Models

Consistency is a key requirement of high-quality translation. It is especially important to adhere to pre-approved terminology and adapt to corrected translations in domain-specific projects. Machine translation (MT) has achieved significant progress in the area of domain adaptation. However, real-time adaptation remains challenging. Large-scale language models (LLMs) have recently shown interesting capabilities of in-context learning, where they learn to replicate certain input-output text generation patterns, without further fine-tuning. By feeding an LLM at inference time with a prompt that consists of a list of translation pairs, it can then simulate the domain and style characteristics. This work aims to investigate how we can utilize in-context learning to improve real-time adaptive MT. Our extensive experiments show promising results at translation time. For example, GPT-3.5 can adapt to a set of in-domain sentence pairs and/or terminology while translating a new sentence. We observe that the translation quality with few-shot in-context learning can surpass that of strong encoder-decoder MT systems, especially for high-resource languages. Moreover, we investigate whether we can combine MT from strong encoder-decoder models with fuzzy matches, which can further improve translation quality, especially for less supported languages. We conduct our experiments across five diverse language pairs, namely English-to-Arabic (EN-AR), English-to-Chinese (EN-ZH), English-to-French (EN-FR), English-to-Kinyarwanda (EN-RW), and English-to-Spanish (EN-ES)

The Value and Impact of a Brief Study Abroad Experience on Historically Black College and University (HBCU) Counseling Students’ Learning

This was an exploratory study that sought to understand the experiences and benefits of counseling graduate students from a Historically Black College and University (HBCU). These doctoral and master’s students engaged in a brief study abroad experience centered on learning about the historical aspects of counseling in two European locations (Vienna, Austria and London, England). The qualitative methodology used in this study was the naturalist inquiry method, which emphasizes the importance of here-and-now experiences, critical reflections, and dialogues. With a sample size of eight, these tools allowed for a humanistic portrayal while being flexible enough for a creative synthesis in terms of understanding the process as the data portrayed it. Despite the limitations of having a pre-set program type, limited financial resources, and limited sample: this study discovered four themes in the experiences of the counseling students: (1) Self-fulfillment (believing in my own ability to grow), (2) Engaging in painless deep learning, (3) Values and impact, and (4) Study abroad is a “Big Deal”

The Price of Play: Self-Organized Infant Mortality Cycles in Chimpanzees

Chimpanzees have been used extensively as a model system for laboratory research on infectious diseases. Ironically, we know next to nothing about disease dynamics in wild chimpanzee populations. Here, we analyze long-term demographic and behavioral data from two habituated chimpanzee communities in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, where previous work has shown respiratory pathogens to be an important source of infant mortality. In this paper we trace the effect of social connectivity on infant mortality dynamics. We focus on social play which, as the primary context of contact between young chimpanzees, may serve as a key venue for pathogen transmission. Infant abundance and mortality rates at Taï cycled regularly and in a way that was not well explained in terms of environmental forcing. Rather, infant mortality cycles appeared to self-organize in response to the ontogeny of social play. Each cycle started when the death of multiple infants in an outbreak synchronized the reproductive cycles of their mothers. A pulse of births predictably arrived about twelve months later, with social connectivity increasing over the following two years as the large birth cohort approached the peak of social play. The high social connectivity at this play peak then appeared to facilitate further outbreaks. Our results provide the first evidence that social play has a strong role in determining chimpanzee disease transmission risk and the first record of chimpanzee disease cycles similar to those seen in human children. They also lend more support to the view that infectious diseases are a major threat to the survival of remaining chimpanzee populations

Livros de pano: Expressões da vida urbana.

Este projeto visa capturar a percepção de crianças de 8 a 10 anos de Foz do Iguaçu na Escola Municipal Rosália de Amorim Silva; suas experiências no contexto urbano, enfatizando o uso da paisagem socioambiental, através da produção coletiva de livros de pano. Assim, o projeto procura dar voz a grupos geralmente excluídos da tomada de decisões sobre o planejamento urbano, como crianças, jovens e mulheres, e iniciar um processo de fortalecimento de identidades locais. Para isso, propõe-se o estabelecimento de um espaço democrático de troca de experiências – conhecimento, práticas, memórias – que culmine na produção de material de registro, resistência, reivindicação, e que sirva para fins acadêmicos e pedagógicos. O projeto contribuirá, finalmente, para a formação de acadêmicos que respeitem e compreendam o papel do extensionista como mediador e facilitador de processos, em um contexto interdisciplinar e diverso

Humic acid from Shilajit – a physico-chemical and spectroscopic characterization

Shilajit is a blackish–brown exudation, consisting of organic substances, metal ions and minerals, from different formations, commonly found in the Himalayan region (1000–3000 m) from Nepal to Kashmir. Shilajit can also be collected throughout the mountain regions in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Bajkal, throughout Ural, Caucasus and Altai mountains also, at altitudes between 1000 to 5000 m. The major physiological action of shilajit has been attributed to the presence of bioactive dibenzo-α-pyrones together with humic and fulvic acids, which act as carrier molecules for the active ingredients. In this work, the aim was to extract humic acid from Shilajit from various sources and characterised these humic acids based on their physicochemical properties, elemental analysis, UV/Vis and FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern and DSC thermograms. The spectral features obtained from UV/Vis, FTIR, XRD and DSC studies for samples of different origins showed a distinct similarity amongst themselves and in comparison to soil humic acids. The surfactant properties of the extracted fulvic acids were investigated by determining the effect of increasing concentration on the surface tension of water. The study demonstrated that humic acids extracted from shilajit indeed possessed surfactant properties

Study Of Food Safety On Dark Chocolate Enriched With Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Burmanii) During Storage

Fat and sugar blooming on chocolate affects on consumer acceptance, because the existing perceptionthat blooming decrease the safety of the product. Enriching dark chocolate bar with essential oil fromcinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) have been conducted. This research aims to investigate the effect ofcinnamon on the blooming occurence during storage. As soon as the chocolate bloomed, FFA and TPCanalysis were performed as safety indicator. The results shows that enriching essential oil from cinnamonslackens bloom appearance on dark chocolate. The bloomed product is safe to be consumed, since FFAand TPC number are under the maximum limit of the requirements of food safety