La compatibilidad entre estudios y deporte en estudiantes de secundaria

The purpose of this research was to analysethe difficulties thathigh school studentshadto balance outstudiesandsports. Following adescriptiveexploratorymethodandthroughthe application of atestquestionnaireandconductinga discussion group, informationwascollectedin relation to fourkey factors: the characteristicsof the sport, the conflicts of interestemergedinbalancingstudiesand sport, the support and resources theyhadto bring togetherthisdoubleactivityandthetrainingand professional expectationsthatwereahead of theirfuture. Theanalysis of the differentfactors involved inthe development of thisdouble activity, constitutes afundamentalelement of reference sothatschoolsimplementmeasuresand actions that allow these students to continue with theirsports training, without having to give upeducation. The results obtainedhighlightthe difficulties thathigh school students havetocombineboth processes, which requires them greateffort, good planning ofgoals, appropriate organization of time andpersistenceinachievingthe objectives.La finalidad de esta investigación fue analizar las dificultades que los estudiantes de secundaria tenían para compatibilizar estudios y deportes. Siguiendo un método descriptivo de carácter exploratorio y a través de la aplicación de una prueba de cuestionario y la realización de un grupo de discusión, se recogió información en relación a cuatro factores clave: las características propias de la práctica deportiva, el conflicto de intereses surgido a la hora de compatibilizar los estudios y el deporte, los apoyos y recursos con los que contaban para armonizar esta doble actividad y las expectativas formativas y profesionales que tenían de cara a su futuro. El análisis de los distintos factores que intervienen en el desarrollo de esta doble actividad, constituye un elemento de referencia fundamental para que los centros educativos implanten medidas y acciones que permitan a estos estudiantes continuar con su preparación deportiva, sin tener que renunciar a la formación. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto las dificultades que tienen los estudiantes de secundaria para compaginar ambos procesos, lo que les exige un gran esfuerzo, una buena planificación de metas, una adecuada organización del tiempo y persistencia en el logro de los objetivos planteados

COVID-19 and dengue coinfection in Latin America: A systematic review

"Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, becoming a long-lasting pandemic. Dengue is the most common arboviral disease in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. COVID-19 and dengue coinfections have been reported, associated with worse outcomes with significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 and dengue coinfection in Latin America. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, and BVS databases from January 1, 2020, to September 4, 2021. The key search terms used were ""dengue"" and ""COVID-19"". Results: Nineteen published articles were included. The studies were case reports with a detailed description of the coinfection’s clinical, laboratory, diagnostic, and treatment features. Conclusion: Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus is associated with worse outcomes with significant morbidity and mortality. The similar clinical and laboratory features of each infection are a challenge in accurately diagnosing and treating cases. Establishing an early diagnosis could be the answer to reducing the estimated significant burden of these conditions.

Towards implementing climate services in Peru – The project CLIMANDES

CLIMANDES is a pilot twinning project between the National Weather Services of Peru and Switzerland (SENAMHI and MeteoSwiss), developed within the Global Framework for Climate Services of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Split in two modules, CLIMANDES aims at improving education in meteorology and climatology in support of the WMO Regional Training Center in Peru, and introducing user-tailored climate services in two pilot regions in the Peruvian Andes. Four areas were prioritized in the first phase of CLIMANDES lasting from 2012 to 2015 to introduce climate services in Peru. A demand study identified the user needs of climate services and showed that climate information must be reliable, of high-quality, and precise. The information should be accessible and timely, understandable and applicable for the users’ specific needs. Second, the quality of climate data was enhanced through the establishment of quality control and homogenization procedures at SENAMHI. Specific training and application of the implemented methods at stations in the pilot regions was promoted to ensure the sustainability of the work. Third, the specific work on climate data enabled the creation of a webpage to disseminate climate indicators among users. The forth priority of the project enhanced the broad communication strategy of SENAMHI through creation of a specialized network of journalists, diverse climate forums, and the establishment of a user database. The efforts accomplished within CLIMANDES improved the quality of the climate services provided by SENAMHI. The project hence contributed successfully to higher awareness and higher confidence in the climate information by SENAMHI.Por pare

Errors in the bisulfite conversion of DNA: modulating inappropriate- and failed-conversion frequencies

Bisulfite treatment can be used to ascertain the methylation states of individual cytosines in DNA. Ideally, bisulfite treatment deaminates unmethylated cytosines to uracils, and leaves 5-methylcytosines unchanged. Two types of bisulfite-conversion error occur: inappropriate conversion of 5-methylcytosine to thymine, and failure to convert unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Conventional bisulfite treatment requires hours of exposure to low-molarity, low-temperature bisulfite (‘LowMT’) and, sometimes, thermal denaturation. An alternate, high-molarity, high-temperature (‘HighMT’) protocol has been reported to accelerate conversion and to reduce inappropriate conversion. We used molecular encoding to obtain validated, individual-molecule data on failed- and inappropriate-conversion frequencies for LowMT and HighMT treatments of both single-stranded and hairpin-linked oligonucleotides. After accounting for bisulfite-independent error, we found that: (i) inappropriate-conversion events accrue predominantly on molecules exposed to bisulfite after they have attained complete or near-complete conversion; (ii) the HighMT treatment is preferable because it yields greater homogeneity among sites and among molecules in conversion rates, and thus yields more reliable data; (iii) different durations of bisulfite treatment will yield data appropriate to address different experimental questions; and (iv) conversion errors can be used to assess the validity of methylation data collected without the benefit of molecular encoding

Plant-RRBS, a bisulfite and next-generation sequencing-based methylome profiling method enriching for coverage of cytosine positions

Background: Cytosine methylation in plant genomes is important for the regulation of gene transcription and transposon activity. Genome-wide methylomes are studied upon mutation of the DNA methyltransferases, adaptation to environmental stresses or during development. However, from basic biology to breeding programs, there is a need to monitor multiple samples to determine transgenerational methylation inheritance or differential cytosine methylation. Methylome data obtained by sodium hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)-conversion and next-generation sequencing (NGS) provide genome- wide information on cytosine methylation. However, a profiling method that detects cytosine methylation state dispersed over the genome would allow high-throughput analysis of multiple plant samples with distinct epigenetic signatures. We use specific restriction endonucleases to enrich for cytosine coverage in a bisulfite and NGS-based profiling method, which was compared to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of the same plant material. Methods: We established an effective methylome profiling method in plants, termed plant-reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (plant-RRBS), using optimized double restriction endonuclease digestion, fragment end repair, adapter ligation, followed by bisulfite conversion, PCR amplification and NGS. We report a performant laboratory protocol and a straightforward bioinformatics data analysis pipeline for plant-RRBS, applicable for any reference-sequenced plant species. Results: As a proof of concept, methylome profiling was performed using an Oryza sativa ssp. indica pure breeding line and a derived epigenetically altered line (epiline). Plant-RRBS detects methylation levels at tens of millions of cytosine positions deduced from bisulfite conversion in multiple samples. To evaluate the method, the coverage of cytosine positions, the intra-line similarity and the differential cytosine methylation levels between the pure breeding line and the epiline were determined. Plant-RRBS reproducibly covers commonly up to one fourth of the cytosine positions in the rice genome when using MspI-DpnII within a group of five biological replicates of a line. The method predominantly detects cytosine methylation in putative promoter regions and not-annotated regions in rice. Conclusions: Plant-RRBS offers high-throughput and broad, genome- dispersed methylation detection by effective read number generation obtained from reproducibly covered genome fractions using optimized endonuclease combinations, facilitating comparative analyses of multi-sample studies for cytosine methylation and transgenerational stability in experimental material and plant breeding populations

EL COMPORTAMIENTO ELECTORAL EN LAS ELECCIONES LOCALES DE 2015 EN EL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE VALENCIA

Las elecciones locales de 2015 pueden ser consideradas unas elecciones de crisis en las que el comportamiento electoral de los valencianos, en lo que se refiere cuanto menos al área metropolitana de Valencia, ha experimentado grandes cambios: por un lado, los dos partidos que tradicionalmente se repartían casi el 80% de los votos en el área, el PP y el PSPV-PSOE (71,94% en las elecciones de 2011), han descendido drásticamente en votos hasta el punto de quedarse por debajo del 50% de los mismos (46, 94% de los votos en las elecciones de 2015), descenso que incluso ha afectado al tercer partido tradicionalmente en discordia que era, aun con un menor porcentaje de votos, EU (en torno al 5-7% de los votos); mientras que, por otro lado, han surgido nuevas fuerzas políticas ?Compromís, Ciudadanos y Podemos? con el suficiente empuje para disputar los primeros puestos del escalafón electoral a los dos grandes partidos: Compromís, 19,46%; Ciudadanos, 10,70%; y Podemos, sumando ?con las reservas obvias para el caso? las candidaturas que se inspiran de una u otra forma en sus planteamientos, 8,10%. Con estos resultados se abre una nueva etapa en la historia electoral del área metropolitana de Valencia en la que el PP pierde su posición dominante y reaparece el antiguo cinturón rojo del área metropolitana de Valencia ahora con otros matices. En esta comunicación, por ello, queremos analizar, en primer lugar, la evolución del voto en el área desde las primeras elecciones locales de 1979 y el rendimiento institucional alcanzado; en segundo lugar, el comportamiento electoral en relación a cada uno de los partidos; para, en tercer lugar, desagregar el estudio de ese comportamiento por distintas variables como el tamaño del municipio, el comportamiento comarcal y, en concreto, el del cinturón rojo de Valencia; para, en cuarto lugar, extraer las oportunas conclusiones del análisis realizad

Towards implementing climate services in Peru – The project CLIMANDES

AbstractCLIMANDES is a pilot twinning project between the National Weather Services of Peru and Switzerland (SENAMHI and MeteoSwiss), developed within the Global Framework for Climate Services of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Split in two modules, CLIMANDES aims at improving education in meteorology and climatology in support of the WMO Regional Training Center in Peru, and introducing user-tailored climate services in two pilot regions in the Peruvian Andes.Four areas were prioritized in the first phase of CLIMANDES lasting from 2012 to 2015 to introduce climate services in Peru. A demand study identified the user needs of climate services and showed that climate information must be reliable, of high-quality, and precise. The information should be accessible and timely, understandable and applicable for the users’ specific needs. Second, the quality of climate data was enhanced through the establishment of quality control and homogenization procedures at SENAMHI. Specific training and application of the implemented methods at stations in the pilot regions was promoted to ensure the sustainability of the work. Third, the specific work on climate data enabled the creation of a webpage to disseminate climate indicators among users. The forth priority of the project enhanced the broad communication strategy of SENAMHI through creation of a specialized network of journalists, diverse climate forums, and the establishment of a user database.The efforts accomplished within CLIMANDES improved the quality of the climate services provided by SENAMHI. The project hence contributed successfully to higher awareness and higher confidence in the climate information by SENAMHI