Modelling the effect of carbon on deformation behaviour of twinning induced plasticity steels

In this article, a physical model describing the deformation behaviour of Twinning Induced Plasticity(TWIP) steels has been extended to include the effect of carbon content. The experimental validation and the analysis show that carbon mainly controls the maximum number of dislocations piled up at the twin boundary, resulting in the increase of back-stresses (i.e. kinematic hardening) and therefore the work hardening rate. This explanation seems to be in agreement with recent TEM observations. © The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.published_or_final_versionSpringer Open Choice, 21 Feb 201

Effect of water stress on growth, water consumption and yield of silage maize under flood irrigation in semi-arid clilmate of Tadla (Morocco)

The field study of crops response to water stress is important to reduce agricultural water use in areas where the water resources are limited. This study was carried out during two growing periods of 2009 and 2010 in order to study the effect of water stress on crops growth, water consumption and dry matter yield of silage maize supplied with flood irrigation under the semiarid climate of Tadla in Morocco. Four to five irrigation treatments were applied at the rates of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20% of ETc of maize. Soil water status, crop growth, leaf area index and above-ground biomass were measured. Results showed that growth dynamic of maize passes by three distinct phases: exponential phase, linear phase and a final phase. The irrigation deficit accelerates the senescence of the sheets and reduces the leaf area index. The maximum values of this parameter reached at flowering under the full irrigation treatment (100%ETc) are 5.1 and 4.8 in 2009 and 2010 respectively. Dry matter yields varied from 5.3 t/ha under T4 (40%ETc) to 16.4 t/ha under T1 (100% ETc) in 2009 whereas in 2010, it oscillated between 3.9 t/ha under T5 (20%ETc) to 12.5 t/ha under T1 (100%ETc). The actual evapotranspiration under T1 (100%ETc) was 478 mm and 463 mm in 2009 and 2010 respectively. According to the averaged values of two years, linear relationships have been evaluated between dry matter yield and water consumption ETa. Yield response factor (ky) for the silage maize for all growth season was 1.12

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment and Subsequent Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study

International audienceBackground: Treatment with antibiotics in early childhood is effective for bacterial infections but may have long-term side effects. We evaluated the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics treatment during the first two years of life in association with mode of delivery on subsequent onset of childhood type 1 diabetes.Methods: A Danish Nationwide cohort study included all singletons born during 1997-2010. Five national registers provided information on antibiotic redemption, outcome and confounders. The risk of type 1 diabetes with onset before the age of 15 years was assessed by Cox regression. A total of 858,201 singletons contributed 5,906,069 person- years, during which 1,503 children were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.Results: Redemption of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the first two years of life was associated with an increased rate of type 1 diabetes during the following 13 years of life (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25), however, the rate was modified by mode of delivery. Broad- spectrum antibiotics were associated with an increased rate of type 1 diabetes in children delivered by either intrapartum cesarean section (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.51) or prelabor cesarean section (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.39), but not in vaginally delivered children. Number needed to harm was 433 and 562, respectively. The association with broad-spectrum antibiotics was not modified by parity, genetic predisposition or maternal redemption of antibiotics during pregnancy or lactation.Conclusions: Redemption of broad-spectrum antibiotics during infancy is associated with an increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in children delivered by cesarean section

Étude de préfaisabilité du turbinage des eaux de la station de traitement de Koudiet Acerdoune/Algérie

This study aims to recover the residual energy of the water in the water treatment plant using turbines instead of wasting energy in the dissipator as it is currently done by means of load- breaker valves. Analysis of the technical efficiency of the project and an assessment of the hydroelectric potential available were carried out and different options for the installation of turbines were proposed. The estimated maximum amount of energy that can be recovered is around 7.44 GWh, and the maximum amount of carbon emissions saved are 446.210 tons. The evaluation of the profitability of our project integrating an energy recovery device is fair.Cette étude vise à récupérer l'énergie résiduelle de l’eau à son arrivée dans la station de traitement d'eau par turbinage, au lieu de continuer à la dissiper comme on le fait actuellement au moyen de robinets brises-charge. Une analyse de la faisabilité technique du projet et une évaluation du potentiel hydroélectrique disponible ont été accomplies, avant de proposer différentes options pour l’installation des équipements de turbinage. En utilisant cette méthode, le maximum de quantité d'énergie qui peut être récupérée a été estimée à 7,44 GWh, celui de la quantité de carbone économisée a été estimé à 446,210 tonnes CO2. Nous concluons notre projet par une évaluation de la rentabilité des aménagements hydroélectriques

Location Optimization of a Hydraulic Turbine for Koudiet Acerdoune Water Treatment Plants

This study aims to recover the residual energy of the water in the water treatment plant using turbines instead of wasting energy in the dissipator as it is currently done by means of load- breaker valves. Analysis of the technical efficiency of the project and an assessment of the hydroelectric potential available were carried out and different options for the installation of turbines were proposed. The estimated maximum amount of energy that can be recovered is around 7.44 GWh, and the maximum amount of carbon emissions saved are 446.210 tons. The evaluation of the profitability of our project integrating an energy recovery device is fair

Étude de préfaisabilité du turbinage des eaux de la station de traitement de Koudiet Acerdoune/Algérie

This study aims to recover the residual energy of the water in the water treatment plant using turbines instead of wasting energy in the dissipator as it is currently done by means of load- breaker valves. Analysis of the technical efficiency of the project and an assessment of the hydroelectric potential available were carried out and different options for the installation of turbines were proposed. The estimated maximum amount of energy that can be recovered is around 7.44 GWh, and the maximum amount of carbon emissions saved are 446.210 tons. The evaluation of the profitability of our project integrating an energy recovery device is fair.Cette étude vise à récupérer l'énergie résiduelle de l’eau à son arrivée dans la station de traitement d'eau par turbinage, au lieu de continuer à la dissiper comme on le fait actuellement au moyen de robinets brises-charge. Une analyse de la faisabilité technique du projet et une évaluation du potentiel hydroélectrique disponible ont été accomplies, avant de proposer différentes options pour l’installation des équipements de turbinage. En utilisant cette méthode, le maximum de quantité d'énergie qui peut être récupérée a été estimée à 7,44 GWh, celui de la quantité de carbone économisée a été estimé à 446,210 tonnes CO2. Nous concluons notre projet par une évaluation de la rentabilité des aménagements hydroélectriques

Quantum Gravitational Corrections to the Real Klein-Gordon Field in the Presence of a Minimal Length

The (D+1)-dimensional $(\beta,\beta')$-two-parameter Lorentz-covariant deformed algebra introduced by Quesne and Tkachuk [C. Quesne and V. M. Tkachuk, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. \textbf {39}, 10909 (2006).], leads to a nonzero minimal uncertainty in position (minimal length). The Klein-Gordon equation in a (3+1)-dimensional space-time described by Quesne-Tkachuk Lorentz-covariant deformed algebra is studied in the case where $\beta'=2\beta$ up to first order over deformation parameter $\beta$. It is shown that the modified Klein-Gordon equation which contains fourth-order derivative of the wave function describes two massive particles with different masses. We have shown that physically acceptable mass states can only exist for $\beta<\frac{1}{8m^{2}c^{2}}$ which leads to an isotropic minimal length in the interval $10^{-17}m<(\bigtriangleup X^{i})_{0}<10^{-15}m$. Finally, we have shown that the above estimation of minimal length is in good agreement with the results obtained in previous investigations.Comment: 10 pages, no figur

EFFECTS OF MAGHNITE NANOCLAY MODIFICATION AND COMPATIBILIZATION ON THE PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)/POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-VINYL ACETATE) BLENDS

In this research work poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and Maghnite nanoclay (MGT) were used to prepare PVC/EVA nanocomposites. The MGT clay was intercalated with octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (ODTMA) and grafted with                 γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The blend nanocomposites were prepared through the melt mixing of PVC/EVA blend at a weight ratio of 50/50 (wt%/wt%) with 20 wt% of compatibilizer; ethylene vinyl acetate grafted with an alcohol (EVA-g-OH) and 3 wt% of modified MGT clay using a Brabender plastograph. The nanocomposites so prepared were characterized using X-ray diffraction, TGA/DTA, mechanical tests and SEM. The results showed that when PVC was blended with EVA, with the modified MGT and with the compatibilizer, synergistic effects in the thermal stability and mechanical properties were observed

Producing Enactable Protocols in Artificial Agent Societies

This paper draws upon our previous work [7, 16] in which we proposed the organisation of services around the concept of artificial agent societies and presented a framework for representing roles and protocols using LTSs. The agent would apply for a role in the society, which would result in its participation in a number of protocols. We advocated the use of the games-based metaphor for describing the protocols and presented a framework for assessing the admission of the agent to the society on the basis of its competence. In this work we look at the subsequent question: what information should the agent receive upon entry?. We can not provide it with the full protocol because of security and overload issues. Therefore, we choose to only provide the actions pertinent to the protocols that the role the agent applied for participates in the society. We employ branching bisimulation for producing a protocol equivalent to the original one with all actions not involving the role translated into silent (τ) actions. However, this approach sometimes results in non-enactable protocols. In this case, we need to repair the protocol by adding the role in question as a recipient to certain protocol messages that were causing the problems. We present three different approaches for repairing protocols, depending on the number of messages from the original protocol they modify. The modified protocol is adopted as the final one and the agent is given the role automaton that is derived from the branching bisimulation process