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    Not AvailableThe application of new and novel strategies to develop effective vaccines is essential in aquaculture health management. The bacterial biofilm-based oral vaccine development is an innovative technique. Biofilm-based vaccines have very good gastrointestinal stability in comparison with vaccines from conventional free cells (whole bacterial cell) of bacteria. Biofilms are produced by growing bacteria in a nutrient depleted condition providing a substrate for its attachment. The biofilm thus produced, inactivated and delivered orally to various fish species have demonstrated good humoral and protective response than with free cell-based vaccines. The studies have been reported from herbivore carps, omnivore catfish, and carnivore murrel. This review provides the overview of recent advances in bacterial biofilm-based oral vaccinedevelopment for aquaculture species.Not Availabl
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