Vergleichende Betrachtungen zur Nutzung der Durchlässigkeit in Bildungssystemen. Die Kategorisierung von Anschlusslösungen beim Übergang in die nachobligatorische Ausbildung

Dieser Beitrag trägt den Titel \u27Vergleichende Betrachtung zur Nutzung der Durchlässigkeit in Bildungssystemen: Die Kategorisierung von Anschlusslösungen beim Übergang in die nachobligatorische Ausbildung\u27. Diesen Vergleich nehmen die Autoren anhand eines Ländervergleiches zwischen Deutschland und der Schweiz vor, indem sie Angebote und Nachfrage von Anschlusswahlen von Jugendlichen aus regional begrenzten Bereichen der beiden Länder gegenüberstellen und den Vergleich vornehmen, aber auch hinterfragen. (DIPF/Orig.)Permeability of the educational system is a central postulate in modern education politics in both Germany and Switzerland. Endeavors for permeability do not only include the structural integrability of different educational programs, but also the wish to harness learner\u27s full potential within a given system. Not surprisingly, the transition from compulsory to non-compulsory education plays a crucial role for educational biographies in both countries. It is at this juncture, when young learners can not only choose between academic, vocational or semi-vocational programs, but also between high, middle or low aspirational levels within these three kinds of non-compulsory education. The paper will focus on three central questions, while comparing the two national systems: First, how can the various offerings of non-compulsory secondary education be categorized? Second, what kind of utilization patterns can be observed among different groups? Third, how can the different learner groups be categorized in terms of the individual educational characteristics? In order to answer these questions, the authors propose the use of a system integrating categorization matrix, which can then be used as a base for system comparison and discussion. It can be shown, that even though the two systems show structural comparability, a plausible explanation of permeability and transition to upper secondary education cannot ignore local structural aspects and national contexts. (DIPF/Orig.

Conformational study of an artificial metal-dependent regulation site for use in designer proteins

This report describes the dimerisation of glutathione, and by extension, other cysteine-containing peptides or protein fragments, with a 5, 5’-disubstituted-2, 2’-bipyridine or 6, 6”-disubstituted-2, 2’:6’,2”-terpyridine unit. The resulting bipy-GS(2) and terpy-GS(2) were investigated as potential metal ion dependent switches in aqueous solution, and were found to predominantly adopt the transoïd conformation at physiological pH. Metal complexation with Cu(II) and Zn(II) at this pH has been studied by UV/Vis, CD, NMR and ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Zn(II) titrations are consistent with the formation of a 1:1 Zn(II):terpy-GS(2) complex at pH 7.4, but bipy-GS(2) was shown to form both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with the former being predominant under dilute micromolar conditions. Formation constants for the resulting 1:1 complexes were determined to be log K(M) 6.86 (bipy-GS(2)) and 6.22 (terpy-GS(2)), consistent with a higher affinity for the unconstrained bipyridine, compared to the strained terpyridine. Cu(II) coordination involves the initial formation of 1:1 complexes, followed by 1.5Cu:1bipy-GS(2) and 2Cu:1terpy-GS(2) complexes at micromolar concentrations. Binding constants for formation of the 1:1 complexes (log K(M) 12.5 (bipy-GS(2)); 8.04 and 7.14 (terpy-GS(2))) indicate a higher affinity for Cu(II) than Zn(II). Finally, ion-mobility MS studies detected the free ligands in their protonated form, and were consistent with the formation of two different Cu adducts with different conformations in the gas-phase. We illustrate that the bipyridine and terpyridine dimerisation units can behave like conformational switches in response to Cu/Zn complexation, and propose that in future these can be employed in synthetic biology with larger peptide or protein fragments, to control large scale folding and related biological function

Protonation behaviour of chiral tetradentate polypyridines derived from α-Pinene

Detailed protonation experiments of the [5,6]-pinenebipyridine molecule and the unsubstituted [4,5]- and [5,6]-CHIRAGEN[0] ligands in various solvents indicate a variety of structures of the protonated species. UV-visible and NMR measurements (including ¹⁵N chemical shifts) show the transition from trans to cis conformation of [5,6]-pinenebipyridine upon protonation. The [4,5]-CHIRAGEN[0] ligand, in which the protonation sites of the nitrogen atom donors are at opposite sides of the molecule, behave essentially like two independent bipyridine moieties; this behaviour was monitored by UV-visible, CD and NMR spectroscopy (including ¹⁵N data). In the case of the [5,6]-CHIRAGEN[0], a pocket of donor atoms provides a chiral environment for two protons per ligand

Kompetenzmessung in der Lehrerbildung als Notwendigkeit.– Fragen und Zugänge

Fragen nach Möglichkeiten und geeigneten methodischen Verfahren zur objektiven, validen und reliablen Kompetenzmessung stehen im Zentrum des vorliegenden Artikels. Aufbauend auf einer Begriffsbestimmung und der Festlegung der Messinhalte wird der neu entwickelte «advokatorische» Zugang dargelegt. Mit dieser Methode werden die Vorteile der gängigen Verfahren zur Kompetenzmessung (Selbstbeurteilung und direkte Beobachtung) vereint

Complexation behaviour of chiral tetradentate polypyridines derived from α-pinene

A series of ligands, where two pinene-bipyridine moieties are either connected directly, or through a p-xylene bridge are investigated with respect to their complexation behaviour in solution. The bridged [5,6]-CHIRAGEN[p-xyl] ligands, which are substituted in 5' or 6' positions show self-assembly reactions, which lead to similar supramolecular species as the unsubstituted bis-pinene-bipyridines ligands studied before. The directly connected [5,6]-CHIRAGEN[0] derivatives, which are substituted at positions 5' or 6', form mononuclear complexes with helical chirality at the metal centre

«Ich bin dann mal weg ...». – Fragen zur Definition, zum Ausmass und zur unterrichtlichen Relevanz von schuldistanzierendem Verhalten bei Jugendlichen

Der vorliegende Beitrag führt Schulabsentismus und Schulabbruch als Erscheinungsformen schuldistanzierenden Verhaltens ein. Zuerst wird ein kritischer Definitionsversuch gewagt, welcher mit Angaben zum Ausmass angereichert wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden unter Berücksichtigung einer individuellen und institutionellen Perspektive Implikationen für Unterricht und Lehrerbildung im Umgang mit schuldistanzierendem Verhalten abgeleitet.The contribution addresses both school absenteeism as well as dropping out of school as manifestations of school-distancing behaviour. An initial critical attempt at a definition of each term will be supplemented with some indications as to the prevalence of the phenomena. Against this background, and with both an individual and an institutional perspective, some implications will be inferred as to dealing with school-distancing behaviour both in the everyday classroom and in teacher education