Fuero sindical. Tribunal Superior del Distrito Judicial. Sala Laboral

Proceso de fuero sindical (acción de reintegro) propuesto por Pedro Agustín Medina contra el Banco Cafetero.Fuero sindical process (reinstatement action) proposed by Pedro Agustín Medina against Banco Cafetero

Uniform electric field distribution in microwave heating applicators by means of genetic algorithms optimization of dielectric multilayer structures

In this paper, the design of a dielectric multilayer around a clay sample is presented to achieve a uniform electric field distribution over that sample. This structure is located within a multimode microwave-heating oven and is designed by means of genetic algorithms. The permittivity and geometric values for the sample surrounding layers are the selected parameters to be optimized in order to minimize the ratio between the typical deviation and the absolute value of the electric field. The results demonstrate the improvement of the electric field uniformity over the sample using dielectric layers.This work was supported in part by the Fundación Séneca under Project 00700/PPC/0

The role of the IMF in recent sovereign debt restructurings : implication for the policy of lending into arrears

This paper analyzes the role played by the IMF in eight recent sovereign debt restructurings from a comparative perspective: Argentina (2001-2005), the Dominican Republic (2004-2005), Ecuador (1999-2000), Pakistan (1998-2001), the Russian Federation (1998-2001), Serbia (2000-2004), Ukraine (1998-2000) and Uruguay (2004). Our objective is to identify the various dimensions of the IMF's potential involvement during those processes, and to extract some relevant policy implications to reform the Policy of Lending Into Arrears. We find that the IMF can potentially exert a substantial influence on sovereign debt restructurings by influencing countries' decision to restructure when the debt burden is deemed unsustainable, by providing official finance to substitute for a loss of access to international financial markets, by setting a medium-term domestic adjustment path through conditionality, by providing 'independent' information at a time of heightened uncertainty, and by providing incentives both to creditors and debtors. However, a lack of consistency has tended to characterize the role of the IMF in recent sovereign debt restructurings. In part, this reflects the flexibility with which the IMF has adapted its intervention to country-specific factors. However, we argue that this lack of consistency has tended to exacerbate the uncertainty and information asymmetries that are often associated with sovereign debt restructurings, and that a more systematic approach is neede

Recent episodes of sovereign debt restructurings : a case-study approach

Sovereign debt restructurings do constitute a recurrent phenomenon in emerging and developing economies. Consequently, the international community has repeatedly explored options to increase the predictability and orderliness of debt workouts, of which the debate on the Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism (SDRM) proposed by the IMF in 2002 is the most recent example. Eventually, however, the most ambitious reform proposals have been systematically abandoned, thereby consolidating debt restructurings as market-led case-by-case processes. This paper reviews nine recent sovereign debt restructurings: Argentina (2001-2005), Belize (2006-2007), the Dominican Republic (2004-2005), Ecuador (1999-2000), Pakistan (1998-2001), the Russian Federation (1998-2001), Serbia (2000-2004), Ukraine (1998-2000) and Uruguay (2004). Our case study analysis reveals the lack of a single model for sovereign debt restructurings. Indeed, we find significant variations in the roots of the crises, the size of the losses undergone by investors, the speed at which an agreement was reached with creditors, the proportion of creditors accepting the terms of that agreement, or the time needed to restore access to international financial markets. There also appears to be a lack of consistency in the role played by the IMF in the various crises.

Hierarchical spatial modeling of the presence of Chagas disease insect vectors in Argentina. A comparative approach

We modeled the spatial distribution of the most important Chagas disease vectors in Argentina, in order to obtain a predictive mapping method for the probability of presence of the vector species. We analyzed both the binary variable of presence-absence of Chagas disease and the vector species richness in Argentina, in combination with climatic and topographical covariates associated to the region of interest. We used several statistical techniques to produce distribution maps of presence–absence for the different insect species as well as species richness, using a hierarchical Bayesian framework within the context of multivariate geostatistical modeling. Our results show that the inclusion of covariates improves the quality of the fitted models, and that there is spatial interaction between neighboring cells/pixels, so mapping methods used in the past, which assumed spatial independence, are not adequate as they provide unreliable results.We thank J. E. Rabinovich from Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores of Buenos Aires, Argentina for drawing our attention to this particular application problem and for providing access to the Chagas data base used. Work partially funded by grant MTM2013-43917-P from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education, grant PAPIIT IN114814 of the Direccio ́ n General de Asuntos del Personal Acade ́ mico of the Universidad Nacional Auto ́ noma de Me ́ xico and Grant CONACYT number 241195

Propiedades físicas, mecánicas y químicas de algunas zeolitas naturales procedentes de México, Cuba y España

El presente trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio del comportamiento físico, mecánico y químico de algunas variedades de zeolitas naturales muestreadas en diferentes afloramientos del mundo, en particular de México, Cuba y España, y la incidencia de este comportamiento en ciertas aplicaciones eminentemente prácticas. Los resultados indican que cada variedad de zeolita natural aporta respuestas diferentes frente a los ensayos, posiblemente influenciado por la sutil variabilidad de su composición química. ABSTRACT This paper shows the results of the study of physical, mechanic and chemical behaviour of some natural zeolite types sampled in different outcrop of the world, mainly from Mexico, Cuba and Spain, as well as their incidence in certain practical applications. Results emphasize that every natural zeolite variety gives different answers in the assays, probably influenced by the subtle variability of their chemical composition

Implementación de un sistema automatizado de los diferentes Protocolos de reconocimientos periciales y de datos estadísticos que realiza el Instituto de Medicina Legal de El Salvador

El sistema automatizado de los diferentes Protocolos de Reconocimientos Periciales y Datos Estadísticos que realiza el Instituto de Medicina Legal de El Salvador, es una herramienta que sustituye los procesos manuales que los médicos forenses, psicólogos y trabajadores sociales realizan para la elaboración de reconocimientos periciales y la creación de reportes, con la facilidad de generar datos estadísticos con la información contenida en los protocolos, los cuales ha sido clasificados en tres categorías: por fallecimiento, Violencia Física y Violencia Sexual con sus respectivos criterios de consultas. El sistema se ha desarrollado en ambiente web utilizando el lenguaje de programación PHP con un servidor Apache y la base de datos en MySQL, para favorecer y agilizar la comunicación entre regionales y clínicas forenses. El sistema permite crear un expediente por paciente donde se ingresan inicialmente los datos personales y luego se selecciona el protocolo que se le practicara a os pacientes (victimas e imputados), con la opción de agregar fotografías si el protocolo lo requiere. Dentro de cada expediente se pueden visualizar los diferentes protocolos de reconocimientos periciales practicados a los pacientes, los cuales pueden ser modificados mientras no se seleccione la opción de cerrar definitivamente, esto se debe a que se trata de dictámenes legales. Así mismo el sistema cuanta con los menús de seguridad, mantenimiento y utilidades, qua yuan a la administración del sistema, en el caso de seguridad controla los niveles de acceso de los usuarios, mientras que las utilidades permiten al usuario crear respaldos de la información y ayuda del sistema. Adicionalmente se han elaborado los manuales de: usuario, técnico, programador y de base de datos para brindarle tanto al usuario cono el administrador del sistema los conocimientos para optimizar el uso del sistem

A Protocol Generator Tool for Automatic In-Vitro HPV Robotic Analysis

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) could develop precancerous lesions and invasive cancer, as it is the main cause of nearly all cases of cervical cancer. There are many strains of HPV and current vaccines can only protect against some of them. This makes the detection and genotyping of HPV a research area of utmost importance. Several biomedical systems can detect HPV in DNA samples; however, most of them do not have a procedure as fast, automatic or precise as it is actually needed in this field. This manuscript presents a novel XML-based hierarchical protocol architecture for biomedical robots to describe each protocol step and execute it sequentially, along with a robust and automatic robotic system for HPV DNA detection capable of processing from 1 to 24 samples simultaneously in a fast (from 45 to 162 min), efficient (100% markers effectiveness) and precise (able to detect 36 different HPV genotypes) way. It includes an efficient artificial vision process as the last step of the diagnostic.FIDETIA P055-12/E03Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida TEC2016-77785-

El Gran Canal Interoceánico de Nicaragua en el contexto del desarrollo regional centroamericano: consideraciones para su debate

In the regional context of Central America, the Nicaragua Interoceanic Grand Canal presupposes a great economic, technological and geopolitical challenge. However, beyond the economic expansion that the project, the merchant traffic, the new docks and surroundings imply, the Nicaraguan ruling class has not tackled the restructuring of the economic policy that will allow better use of the hypothetical GDP increase, especially for the affected communities and the most vulnerable groups of the country. To demonstrate the need for such changes, the article analyses the Nicaraguan Grand Canal Project in the context of the tumultuous political history of Central America and the current geopolitical unrest linked to global merchant traffic, identifying the main regional weaknesses of the Nicaraguan proposal, as well as the fundamental tasks that the country should address to transform the Canal into a regional development focus.En el contexto regional centroamericano, el Gran Canal Interoceánico de Nicaragua supone un gran reto económico, tecnológico y geopolítico. No obstante, más allá de la expansión económica que signifique tal proyecto y todo lo que ello implica, como los nuevos muelles o el aumento del tráfico mercante, la clase dirigente nicaragüense no ha abordado la reestructuración de la política económica que permita el mejor aprovechamiento del hipotético crecimiento del PIB, especialmente pensando en las comunidades afectadas y los grupos más vulnerables del país. Para demostrar la necesidad de dichos cambios, el artículo analiza el proyecto del Gran Canal de Nicaragua en el contexto de la tumultuosa historia regional de Centro América y las actuales tensiones geopolíticas relacionadas con el tráfico mercante, identificando las principales deficiencias regionales de la propuesta nicaragüense, así como los más importantes retos que debe afrontar el país para transformar el Canal en un foco de desarrollo regional

Breast Cancer Automatic Diagnosis System using Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Networks

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of mortality in women. For the early detection of breast cancer, the mammography is used as the most efficient technique to identify abnormalities such as tumors. Automatic detection of tumors in mammograms has become a big challenge and can play a crucial role to assist doctors in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis. State-of-the-art Deep Learning algorithms such as Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Networks are able to determine the presence of an object and also its position inside the image in a reduced computation time. In this work, we evaluate these algorithms to detect tumors in mammogram images and propose a detection system that contains: (1) a preprocessing step performed on mammograms taken from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) and (2) the Neural Network model, which performs feature extraction over the mammograms in order to locate tumors within each image and classify them as malignant or benign. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm has an accuracy of 97.375%. These results show that the system could be very useful for aiding physicians when detecting tumors from mammogram images.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-