The suffering of young people and their families in the transfer society

.El malestar que presentan los adolescentes y jóvenes en la sociedad de traspaso es un nuevo sufrimiento. Distinto del malestar de épocas pretéritas. La idea de sufrimiento encantado y desencantado. Las adolescencias de hoy no son las adolescencias de la modernidad. La falta de narrativa de los jóvenes los hace sujetos "sin rostro". Respuestas innovadoras de acogida, hospitalidad y acompañamiento.The suffering of young people and their families in the transfer society .The malaise presented by adolescents and young people in this transfer society is a new suffering. Something quite distinct f rom the malaise of earlier times. The idea of enchanted and disenchanted suffering. Adolescences today are not the adolescences of modern times. The lack of narrative for young people converts them into "faceless" individuals. Innovative responses of welcome, hospitality and accompaniment

Localización neuroeléctrica de procesos cognitivos

Recording techniques of electrical cerebral activity with surface electrodes are shown and supported as a valid choice of a physiological study of the cognitive function of the human brain. Likewise, we describe the techniques of topographical representation of neuroelectrical potentials, as well as the current source density analysis and the localization of cerebral generators by evoked potentials. We conclude that it is possible to determine the localization of active cortical zones during perception, motor and cognitive processes, starting from a limited number of physiological hypotheses, in relation to the electrical behaviour of the cortical neurons and according to an electrical model of the head.Se presentan y defienden las técnicas de registro de la actividad eléctrica cerebral con electrodos de superficie como una alternativa válida para el estudio fisiológico de la función cognitiva del cerebro humano. Asimismo, se describen las técnicas de representación topográfica de potencial neuroeléctrico, así como las de análisis de densidad de corriente y de localización de generadores cerebrales de potenciales evocados. Se concluye que es posible determinar la localización de zonas corticales activas durante procesos de percepción, motores y cognitivos, partiendo de un número limitado de hipótesis fisiológicas, en relación al comportamiento eléctrico de las neuronas corticales y según un modelo eléctrico de la cabeza.DGICYT TM90-15

Estudio de los riesgos sanitarios para las aves acuáticas asociados con el abastecimiento de las Tablas de Daimiel y otros humedales manchegos con aguas residuales tratadas

Programa de investigación en la Red de Parques Nacionales: convocatoria 2009-2012.-- et al.La escasez de agua en la cuenca alta del río Guadiana ha hecho que se valore el uso de de las aguas residuales depuradas para la conservación de la biodiversidad de humedales como Las Tablas de Daimiel. En este trabajo hemos abordado el estudio de: (1) el riesgo que suponen las aguas residuales para aumentar la presencia de enteropatógenos en el medio y en las aves; (2) las condiciones ambientales que favorecen la presencia de Clostridium botulinum en el medio y la aparición de brotes de botulismo, incluyendo estudios experimentales y de campo; y (3) el papel de los invertebrados acuáticos, los dípteros necrófagos y las propias aves en la expansión los brotes de botulismo. La presencia de Escherichia coli patogénica aviar (APEC), Clostridium perfringens tipo A y C. botulinum tipo C/D ha sido generalmente mayor en muestras de agua, sedimento y heces de aves de las lagunas que reciben directamente aguas residuales (Navaseca y Veguilla) respecto a las Tablas de Daimiel. La aparición de un brote de botulismo en Navaseca en verano de 2010 estuvo asociado con una bajada del potencial redox, clorofila y sulfatos en el agua, de la DBO5 en sedimento y con un aumento del carbono inorgánico en el medio. Las condiciones de anoxia generadas, posiblemente asociadas con una proliferación de Lemna en la laguna, favorecieron la proliferación de C. botulinum. En muestreos previos a brotes de botulismo la mayor presencia de C. botulinum fue detectada en heces de aves, para después ser detectada en muestras de sedimento, agua, gasterópodos acuáticos, invertebrados acuáticos, moscas necrófagas y sus larvas. La muerte por cualquier motivo (p.e. infecciones por enterobacterias) de aves acuáticas con C. botulinum en su tracto digestivo actuaría como detonante de los brotes al servir el cadáver como medio de crecimiento de la bacteria y proliferación de larvas de mosca acumuladoras de toxina que pueden ser ingeridas por otras aves. Además se ha comprobado experimentalmente que las moscas son capaces de transportar C. botulinum a cadáveres exentos previamente de la bacteria, dando lugar así a larvas tóxicas que pueden iniciar el ciclo cadáver-larva-ave que magnifica los brotes de botulismo. Las aves afectadas por botulismo pueden excretar C. botulinum más de 2 semanas después del ingreso en los centros de recuperación para su tratamiento, por lo que el papel de las aves en la dispersión de la bacteria durante los brotes puede ser importante. En conclusión, los humedales abastecidos con aguas residuales podrían actuar como trampas ecológicas para las aves acuáticas por el riesgo de exposición a enteropatógenos y brotes de botulismo.I. Anza es becaria predoctoral con una beca I3P del CSIC, D. Vidal ha tenido un contrato post-doctoral I3P del CSIC, S. Díaz ha tenido una beca predoctoral de la JCCM y S. Sánchez ha tenido una beca post-doctoral de la JCCM. Este proyecto ha sido financiado por el OAPN (ref 35/2009).Peer Reviewe

Eutrophication and enteropathogens as risk factors for avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands receiving effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants

Due to the scarcity of water resources in the “Mancha Húmeda” Biosphere Reserve, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed as a solution for the conservation of natural threatened floodplain wetlands. In addition, wastewater treatment plants of many villages pour their effluent into nearby natural lakes. We hypothesized that certain avian pathogens present in wastewater may cause avian mortalities which would trigger avian botulism outbreaks. With the aim of testing our hypothesis, 24 locations distributed in three wetlands, two that receive wastewater effluents and one serving as a control, were monitored during a year. Sediment, water, water bird feces, and invertebrates were collected for the detection of putative avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens type A, and Clostridium botulinum type C/D. Also, water and sediment physicochemical properties were determined. Overall, APEC, C. perfringens, and C. botulinum were significantly more prevalent in samples belonging to the wetlands which receive wastewater. The occurrence of a botulism outbreak in one of the studied wetlands coincided with high water temperatures and sediment 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), a decrease in water redox potential, chlorophyll a, and sulfate levels, and an increase in water inorganic carbon levels. The presence of C. botulinum in bird feces before the onset of the outbreak indicates that carrier birds exist and highlights the risk of botulinum toxin production in their carcasses if they die by other causes such as bacterial diseases, which are more probable in wastewater wetlands

PiwiRNA-651 as marker of treatment response and survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

PiwiRNAs, small non-coding RNAs processed by Piwi proteins, are involved in maintaining genome stability in germline cells. Recently, piwiRNA expression has been identified in some tumors. We have examined the potential reactivation of the Piwi/piwiRNA pathway in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We found that Piwi proteins and three selected piwiRNAs, including piR-651, were expressed in cHL patients and cell lines, indicating that the Piwi/piwiRNA pathway is active in cHL. Interestingly, low levels of piR-651 were associated with lack of complete response to first-line treatment, as well as shorter disease-free and overall survival in a cohort of 94 cHL patients. At diagnosis, piR-651 was underexpressed in cHL serum samples compared to healthy controls, while after complete remission, piR-651 levels increased to levels similar to healthy controls. This is the first evidence that piwiRNAs are active in tumor and serum samples and impact prognosis in cHL

Treatment with G-CSF reduces acute myeloid leukemia blast viability in the presence of bone marrow stroma

BACKGROUND: The resulting clinical impact of the combined use of G-CSF with chemotherapy as a chemosensitizing strategy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is still controversial. In this study, the effect of ex vivo treatment with G-CSF on AML primary blasts was studied. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AML patients were treated with G-CSF at increasing doses, alone or in co-culture with HS-5 stromal cells. Cell viability and surface phenotype was determined by flow cytometry 72 h after treatment. For clonogenicity assays, AML primary samples were treated for 18 h with G-CSF at increasing concentrations and cultured in methyl-cellulose for 14 days. Colonies were counted based on cellularity and morphology criteria. RESULTS: The presence of G-CSF reduced the overall viability of AML cells co-cultured with bone marrow stroma; whereas, in absence of stroma, a negligible effect was observed. Moreover, clonogenic capacity of AML cells was significantly reduced upon treatment with G-CSF. Interestingly, reduction in the AML clonogenic capacity correlated with the sensitivity to chemotherapy observed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These ex vivo results would provide a biological basis to data available from studies showing a clinical benefit with the use of G-CSF as a priming agent in patients with a chemosensitive AML and would support implementation of further studies exploring new strategies of chemotherapy priming in AML

TMAO and Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolites TML and γBB Are Not Associated with Thrombotic Risk in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism

Background: The present work evaluates the association between circulating concentrations of Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), gamma butyrobetaine (γBB), and trimetyllisine (TML) in controls and patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) with coagulation parameters. Methods: The study involved 54 VTE patients and 57 controls. Platelet function, platelet hyperreactivity, platelet adhesiveness, thrombosis-associated parameters, and thrombin generation parameters were studied. Plasma TMAO, γBB, and TML determination was performed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: No differences were found for TMAO, γBB, or TML concentrations between controls and VTE patients. In thrombin generation tests, TMAO, γBB, and TML showed a positive correlation with lag time and time to peak. TMAO, γBB, and TML negatively correlated with peak height. No significant differences were observed regarding TMAO, γBB, and TML concentrations between the two blood withdrawals, nor when the control and VTE patients were analyzed separately. No correlation was observed between these gut metabolites and platelet function parameters. Conclusions: No differences were found regarding TMAO, γBB, and TML concentrations between the control and VTE groups. Some correlations were found; however, they were mild or went in the opposite direction of what would be expected if TMAO and its derivatives were related to VTE risk

High p27 protein levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated to low Myc and Skp2 expression, confer resistance to apoptosis and antagonize Myc effects on cell cycle

Myc (c-Myc) counteracts p27 effects, and low p27 usually correlates with high Myc expression in human cancer. However there is no information on the co-expression of both genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We found a lack of correlation between RNA and protein levels of p27 and Myc in CLL cells, so we determined the protein levels by immunoblot in 107 cases of CLL. We observed a high p27 protein expression in CLL compared to normal B cells. Ectopic p27 expression in a CLL-derived cell line resulted in cell death resistance. Surprisingly, Myc expression was very low or undetectable in most CLL cases analyzed, with a clear correlation between high p27 and low Myc protein levels. This was associated with low Skp2 expression, which is consistent with the Skp2 role in p27 degradation and with SKP2 being a Myc target gene. High Myc expression did not correlate with leukemia progression, despite that cell cycle-related Myc target genes were upregulated. However, biochemical analysis showed that the high p27 levels inhibited cyclin-Cdk complexes even in Myc expressing CLL cells. Our data suggest that the combination of high p27 and low Myc is a marker of CLL cells which is mediated by Skp2

Developing ecosystem service indicators: experiences and lessons learned from sub-global assessments and other initiatives

People depend upon ecosystems to supply a range of services necessary for their survival and well-being. Ecosystem service indicators are critical for knowing whether or not these essential services are being maintained and used in a sustainable manner, thus enabling policy makers to identify the policies and other interventions needed to better manage them. As a result, ecosystem service indicators are of increasing interest and importance to governmental and inter-governmental processes, including amongst others the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Aichi Targets contained within its strategic plan for 2011-2020, as well as the emerging Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Despite this growing demand, assessing ecosystem service status and trends and developing robust indicators is o!en hindered by a lack of information and data, resulting in few available indicators. In response, the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), together with a wide range of international partners and supported by the Swedish International Biodiversity Programme (SwedBio)*, undertook a project to take stock of the key lessons that have been learnt in developing and using ecosystem service indicators in a range of assessment contexts. The project examined the methodologies, metrics and data sources employed in delivering ecosystem service indicators, so as to inform future indicator development. This report presents the principal results of this project