Estudio electrocardiografía en estación y de cúbito lateral derecho en crías de alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

The aim of the study was to determine the electrocardiographic parameters in both station and right lateral decubitus positions in baby alpacas. The work was done in 30 alpacas (17 males and 13 females) of 60 days old, from the communities alpaqueras Maranganí, Canchis in Cusco. The electrocardiographic values in station and right lateral decubitus were: heart rate 124.83 and 114.16, P wave duration 0.04 and 0.04 s, P wave amplitude 0.180 and 0.173 mV, duration and PQ 0.101 s 0.102, 0.039 and 0.038 QRS duration s, QRS complex 0.643 and 0.557 mV, duration and QT 0.225 0.2370.040 s, T wave amplitude 0.393 and 0.413 mV. The values of ECG parameters showed no significant differences between the two positions. We conclude that is possible to use any positions for the clinic examen in alpacas.El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar los parámetros electrocardiográficos en las posiciones estación y decúbito lateral derecha en crías de alpacas. El trabajo se hizo en 30 alpacas (17 machos y 13 hembras) menores de 60 días de edad, provenientes de las comunidades alpaqueras de Maranganí, Canchis, en Cusco. Los valores electrocardiográficos en estación y en decúbito lateral derecho fueron: Frecuencia cardiaca 124.83 y 114.16, Duración onda P 0.04 y 0.04 s, amplitud onda P 0.180 y 0.173 mV, duración PQ 0.102 y 0.101 s, duración QRS 0.039 y 0.038 s, complejo QRS 0.643 y 0.557 mV, duración QT 0.225 y 0.2370.040 s, amplitud onda T 0.393 y 0.413 mV, los valores no mostraron diferencias significativas al comparalos entre ambas posiciones. Se concluye que en alpacas se puede usar indiferentemente cualquiera de las dos posiciones electrocardiográficas para fines clínico

Influence of the state of light on the optically induced interparticle interaction

A general expression for the energy of interparticle interaction induced by an arbitrary mode of light is determined using quantum electrodynamics, and it is shown that the Casimir-Polder potential is included within this quantum result. Equations are also derived for the corresponding coupling induced by multimode number states of light, and the dependence of the pair energy on the Poynting vector and polarization state is determined. Attention is then focused on the interactions between particles trapped in counterpropagating coherent beams, both with and without interference, and it is shown that the results afford insights into the multiparticle structures that can be optically fabricated with counterpropagating input. Brief consideration is also given to the effect of squeezing the optical coherent state. Extending previous studies of optical binding in Laguerre-Gaussian beams, results are given for the case of particles trapped at radially different locations within the beam structure. Finally, consideration is given to interparticle interactions induced by broadband light, and it is shown how the length of optically fabricated particle chains can be controlled by the use of wavelength filters

Chromosomal damage as prognosis marker in cervical carcinogenesis

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer among Mexican and Latin American women. Risk factors that have been associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia suggest that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, and 33 entail a high risk of developing a malignancy of this type. The accumulation of genetic alterations allows the growth of neoplastic cells; chromosomal instability is an event that occurs in the precancerous stages. The candidate cancer risk biomarkers include cytogenetic endpoints, such as chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, and the outcomes of comet assay and DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization. The patterns identified in these cytogenetic studies indicate that chromosomal instability is a transient and chromosomally unstable intermediate in the development of cervical lesions. In this context, the mechanisms that may underlie the progressive increase in genetic instability in these patients seem to be related directly to HPV infection. The studies discussed in this paper show that chromosomal instability may serve as a biomarker by predicting the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Nevertheless, these results should be validated in larger, prospective studies.Рак шейки матки является третьим по распространенности в мире типов рака у женщин и наиболее часто встречающимся у женщин Мексики и Латинской Америки. Факторы риска, связанные с развитием интраэпителиальной цервикальной неоплазии, предполагают, что папилломавирус человека (HPV) типов 16, 18, 31 и 33 влечет за собой высокий риск развития опухолей этого типа. Накопление генетических изменений делает возможным рост опухолевых клеток, хромосомная нестабильность является событием, которое предшествует предраковым стадиям. Возможные биомаркеры риска опухоли включают цитогенетические критерии, такие как хромосомные аберрации, обмен сестринских хроматид, микроядра, и заканчиваются Comet-анализом и детекцией поломок ДНК с помощью флюоресцентной гибридизации in situ. Образцы, идентифицированные в таких цитогенетических исследованиях, показывают, что хромосомная нестабильность является транзиентным промежуточным звеном в развитии цервикальных нарушений. В этой связи механизмы, которые могут лежать в основе прогрессирующей генетической нестабильности у таких пациентов, кажутся непосредственно связанными с инфекцией HPV. Настоящее исследование показывает, что хромосомная нестабильность может служить биомаркером для предсказания развития интраэпителиальной цервикальной неоплазии, тем не менее эти результаты должны быть оценены в более масштабных исследованиях

Reproductive biology of Polioptila lembeyei (Aves: Polioptilidae) in the Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

Se estudió la biología reproductiva de Polioptila lembeyei en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba durante los años 2006 y 2007 en seis formaciones vegetales. Se describieron aspectos de su reproducción en términos de cronología reproductiva, tamaño de puesta, duración del período de incubación, permanencia de los polluelos en el nido, morfometría de nidos y huevos, y caracterización del sitio de nidificación en cuanto a la altura de los nidos y especie y altura de las plantas utilizadas como sitio de nidificación. Se localizaron 89 nidos durante las dos temporadas reproductivas, 43 en el año 2006 y 46 en el 2007. El período reproductivo se extendió desde finales de marzo hasta julio, abarcando 129 días en el año 2006 y 122 días durante el año 2007. Las nidadas tuvieron una duración de 36–56 días (construcción 8,6 ± 2,8 días, puesta 8,6 ± 2,7 días, incubación de 14,0 ± 1,2 días y permanencia de los pichones en el nido 14,5 ± 1,0 días). De los 45 nidos examinados el tamaño de puesta modal fue de tres huevos (88,9 %), encontrándose también nidadas de dos (6,7 %) y cuatro huevos (4,4 %). De 38 nidos con huevos para ambas temporadas, 15 nidos produjeron pichones (32 pichones en el 2006 y 20 pichones en el 2007) y solo tres nidos durante el 2006 (37,5 %) lograron producir volantones, los cuales salieron con éxito del nido. La planta más utilizada como sitio de nidificación fue Acacia macracantha (80 % de los nidos detectados), aunque también se hallaron nidos en otras ocho especies de plantas. Las alturas de ubicación del nido fue de 2,7 ± 1,5 m (n = 82; rango 0,3–6,4 m) y la distancia del nido al dosel de la planta utilizada como sustrato fue de 1,1 ± 0,9 m (n = 80; rango 0,1–5,4 m).The reproductive biology of Polioptila lembeyei was studied in six vegetation types during the years 2006 and 2007 in the Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Breeding aspects including reproductive chronology, clutch size, incubation length, nestling period, egg and nest morphometrics, and aspects of the nesting site (nest height, plant species, and plant height) were described. Eighty-nine nests were found during both reproductive seasons, 43 in 2006 and 46 in 2007. The reproductive period occurred from late March to July for 129 days in 2006 and 122 days in 2007. The length of the nesting period was 36–56 days (nest construction 8.6 ± 2.8 days, laying 8.6 ± 2.7 days, incubation 14.0 ± 1.2 days, and nestling period 14.5 ± 1.0 days). Of the 45 nests examined, modal clutch size was three eggs (88.9 %), although nests with two (6.7 %) and four eggs (4.4 %) also occurred. Of 38 clutches in both seasons, 15 of them produced chicks (32 chicks in the 2006 and 20 chicks in the 2007) and only three nests in the 2006 season (37.5 %) produced fledglings. Acacia macracantha was the plant species most used as nesting substrate (80 % of detected nests) although nests were also found in eight other plant species. Nest heights were 2,7 ± 1,5 m (n = 82; range 0.3–6.4 m) and the distance from nest to the canopy of the substrate plant was 1.1 ± 0.9 m (n = 80; range 0.1–5.4 m)

Constitutive heterochromatin polymorphisms in human chromosomes identified by whole comparative genomic hybridization

Whole comparative genomic hybridization (W-CGH) is a new technique that reveals cryptic differences in highly repetitive DNA sequences, when different genomes are compared using metaphase or interphase chromosomes. W-CGH provides a quick approach to identify differential expansion of these DNA sequences at the single-chromosome level in the whole genome. In this study, we have determined the frequency of constitutive chromatin polymorphisms in the centromeric regions of human chromosomes using a whole-genome in situ cross-hybridization method to compare the whole genome of five different unrelated individuals. Results showed that the pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin of chromosome 6 exhibited a high incidence of polymorphisms in repetitive DNA families located in pericentromeric regions. The constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes 5 and 9 was also identified as highly polymorphic. Although further studies are necessary to corroborate and assess the overall incidence of these polymorphisms in human populations, the use of W-CGH could be pertinent and of clinical relevance to assess rapidly, from a chromosomal viewpoint, genome similarities and differences in closely related genomes such as those of relatives, or in more specific situations such as bone marrow transplantation where chimerism is produced in the recipient

Análisis comparativo en losas de cimentación: losas aligeradas mediante bloques de EPS frente a losas macizas

The objective of this article is to confirm the different behavior of the traditional slab foundation against a lightened, making a comparative analysis, using the MEF, of the first solution with a lightened slab using expanded polystyrene (EPS) blocks, joining solid areas on pillars with grating beams. Therefore there are two top and bottom plates covering the EPS blocks. The results obtained allow assert ourselves that in situations of soft soils, with possible problems of settlements, the proposed solution has significant advantages by reducing them a percentage will vary depending on specific conditions. Besides this, it reduces significantly the differential settlements between supports, so this alternative has a more uniform behavior, as well as constructive advantages.El objetivo del presente artículo es confirmar el distinto comportamiento que presenta la solución tradicional de losa maciza frente a una aligerada, haciendo un análisis comparativo, aplicando el M.E.F., de la primera solución con una losa aligerada empleando bloques de poliestireno expandido (EPS) como material aligerante, uniéndose las zonas macizas bajo pilares mediante nervios. Se mantienen, por tanto, dos placas superior e inferior alrededor de los bloques aligerantes de EPS. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten afirmar que en situaciones de suelos blandos, con posibles problemas de asientos, la solución planteada presenta importantes ventajas, al disminuir éstos en un porcentaje que variará en función de las condiciones particulares. Además de esto, se reducen en gran medida los asientos diferenciales entre apoyos, por lo que la alternativa planteada presenta un comportamiento más uniforme, así como ventajas constructivas

O clima organizacional nas empresas inovadoras do século XXI

The aim of this article is to review literature on the different concepts that have emerged in recent years organizational climate, types of weather that can occur in an organization and the relevance for enterprises that are currently facing the implementation of new technology. This will resume a new concept of organizational climate, which is called by some authors as a climate of innovation, and mentioned studies that have implemented innovative climate instruments that have been built and validated in Europe.El objetivo del siguiente artículo es hacer una revisión de literatura de los diferentes conceptos que han surgido durante los últimos años de clima organizacional, sobre los tipos de clima que se pueden presentar en una organización y la relevancia que tiene en las empresas que actualmente se enfrentan a la implementación de nueva tecnología. Para ello se retomará un nuevo concepto de clima organizacional, que es llamado por algunos autores como clima de innovación, y se mencionara estudios donde se han implementado instrumentos de clima de innovación que se han construido y validado en Europa.O objetivo do seguinte artigo é fazer uma revisão da literatura dos diferentes conceitos que têm surgido durante os últimos anos de clima organizacional, sobre os tipos de clima que se podem apresentar numa organização e a relevância que tem nas empresas que atualmente se enfrentam à implementação de nova tecnologia. Para isso retomar-se-á um novo conceito de clima organizacional, que é chamado por alguns autores como clima de inovação, e se mencionam estudos onde se implementaram instrumentos de clima de inovação que se construíram e validaram na Europa

Experimental and quantum chemical studies of a novel synthetic prenylated chalcone

BACKGROUND: Chalcones are ubiquitous natural compounds with a wide variety of reported biological activities, including antitumoral, antiviral and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, chalcones are being studied for its potential use in organic electroluminescent devices; therefore the description of their spectroscopic properties is important to elucidate the structure of these molecules. One of the main techniques available for structure elucidation is the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Accordingly, the prediction of the NMR spectra in this kind of molecules is necessary to gather information about the influence of substituents on their spectra. RESULTS: A novel substituted chalcone has been synthetized. In order to identify the functional groups present in the new synthesized compound and confirm its chemical structure, experimental and theoretical (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectra were analyzed. The theoretical molecular structure and NMR spectra were calculated at both the Hartree-Fock and Density Functional (meta: TPSS; hybrid: B3LYP and PBE1PBE; hybrid meta GGA: M05-2X and M06-2X) levels of theory in combination with a 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The structural parameters showed that the best method for geometry optimization was DFT:M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p), whereas the calculated bond angles and bond distances match experimental values of similar chalcone derivatives. The NMR calculations were carried out using the Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO) formalism in a DFT:M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) optimized geometry. CONCLUSION: Considering all HF and DFT methods with GIAO calculations, TPSS and PBE1PBE were the most accurate methods used for calculation of (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR chemical shifts, which was almost similar to the B3LYP functional, followed in order by HF, M05-2X and M06-2X methods. All calculations were done using the Gaussian 09 software package. Theoretical calculations can be used to predict and confirm the structure of substituted chalcones with good correlation with the experimental data