La prise en compte du genre dans les initiatives des entreprises transnationales : le cas de l’industrie du cacao au Ghana et en Côte-d’Ivoire

Cette étude cherche à mettre en lumière une nouvelle dimension de la discrimination à l’égard des femmes dans le milieu de l’emploi. Nos travaux portent plus particulièrement sur les effets du facteur genre et s’attardent à démontrer la relation entre la prise en compte du genre dans les plans d’actions des entreprises transnationales et les conditions de travail des femmes tout au long de la chaîne d’approvisionnement. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’industrie du cacao en raison de l’importance de l’économie cacaoyère dans plusieurs pays. C’est par l’analyse des données des deux plus grands producteurs de cacao, le Ghana et la Côte d’Ivoire que nous tâchons d’établir la différence de traitement entre les femmes et les hommes sur les exploitations cacaoyères en première partie. La seconde partie de l’analyse traite de la discrimination de la femme en droit régional africain et en droit international. Finalement, l’étude se conclue sur la démonstration de l’influence de l’entreprise transnationale dans les conditions de travail des cultivatrices du cacao par le biais de ses initiatives de responsabilité sociale.This study seeks to explore a new dimension of discrimination against women in employment. The research focuses on the effects of the gender factor, on the relationship between gender mainstreaming in transnational corporations' work plans and on women's working conditions throughout the supply chain. We studied the cocoa industry because of the importance of the cocoa economy in several countries. In the first chapter, we are establishing the difference between women and men treatments on cocoa farms by analyzing the data of the two largest cocoa producing countries, Ghana and Ivory Coast. The second part of the analysis discusses the basis of discrimination in African regional law and international law. The study concludes with the demonstration of the influence of the transnational corporations in the working conditions of cocoa farmers through its social responsibility initiatives

THE WELL-BEING OF GRANDPARENT CAREGIVER HOUSEHOLDS: DOES DURATION OF CARE MATTER?

Do variations in the duration of grandparents caring for grandchildren result in significantly different patterns of poverty and receipt of public assistance for the household and disability for the grandparent caregiver? Using data from the 5% Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) from the Census 2000, this paper explores how grandparent caregivers and their households fare as the length of caregiving extends from the possibly temporary category of under 6 months to a more permanent situation of over five years. The results indicate that households in the higher duration of grandparent caregiving categories have a significantly lower likelihood of living below 150% of the poverty threshold and a higher likelihood of receiving public assistance, after controlling for demographic and human capital covariates. Disability of the caregiver varies slightly as the length of caregiving reaches five or more years

Effective Programs in Elementary Mathematics: A Meta-Analysis

This article reviews research on the achievement outcomes of elementary mathematics programs. 87 rigorous experimental studies evaluated 66 programs in grades K-5. Programs were organized in 6 categories. Particularly positive outcomes were found for tutoring programs (ES=+0.20, k=22). Positive outcomes were also seen in studies focused on professional development for classroom organization and management (e.g., cooperative learning) (ES=+0.19, k=7). Professional development approaches focused on helping teachers gain in understanding of mathematics content and pedagogy had little impact on student achievement. Professional development intended to help in the adoption of new curricula had a small but significant impact for traditional (non-digital) curricula (ES=+0.12, k=7), but not for digital curricula. Traditional and digital curricula with limited professional development, as well as benchmark assessment programs, found few positive effects

Participation of women in HIV clinical trials: the IPEC-FIOCRUZ experience

Jordan E Lake1, Ruth K Friedman2, Cynthia B Cunha2, Sandra W Cardoso2, Valdilea G Veloso2, Judith S Currier1, Beatriz Grinsztejn21Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas/IPEC, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBackground: Fifty percent of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) worldwide are female. In Brazil, for example, 240,000 women are infected with HIV, rates of infection in women have increased over the last two decades, and addressing HIV prevention and treatment for women at risk for, or living with, HIV/AIDS remains a challenge. To better address the needs of women living with HIV in Brazil, the Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IPEC-FIOCRUZ) HIV Women’s Cohort was established in 1996 to study the natural history of women seeking HIV care. This analysis describes the characteristics of women in the cohort who participated in HIV clinical trials between 1999 and 2008.Methods: A total of 736 Women’s Cohort participants were in active follow-up and 665 participants from the Women’s Cohort were included in univariable and multivariable analyses to determine socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors associated with women’s participation in HIV clinical trials at our site.Results: Of the complete cohort, 23% participated in a clinical trial between January 1999 and July 2008. Odds of participation decreased for women who were younger than 35 years old, currently employed, had an HIV-positive sexual partner, and/or who reported a lifetime history of illicit drug use. Alternatively, the odds of participation increased for women who had more than 8 years of formal education, were living independently, and/or were married or cohabitating.Conclusion: The rate of participation in HIV clinical trials by women in the IPEC-Fiocruz Cohort was similar to other published cohorts, but identification of local risk factors and barriers to participation remains important. Our analysis offers a novel description of the factors associated with participation in HIV clinical trials among women in care at IPEC-FIOCRUZ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Keywords: AIDS, Brazil, South America, clinical trial participation&nbsp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 27, 1972

Ursinus suffers blackout; Transformer explodes • Dr. Helen T. Garrett dies • UC students experience teaching • Dr. Robert M. Veatch to speak at Ursinus College forum • Dr. Allan Lake Rice speaks at conference • Students inducted into Omicron Delta Epsilon • Ursinus seeks $200,000 gift • Lantern elects officers for \u2772-\u2773; Spring issue expected in late May • Editorial: Stop the war • Focus: Jane Siegel • Strike • Faculty portrait: Dr. Gayle Byerly • Guest column: Dr. Allan Rice on war and peace • Letters to the editor: The need of a psychologist; Open letter to security • W.C. rains on our parade • Sing sets record • Bartholomew wins two • Ursinus starts baseball season • Travelin\u27 5\u27s history told • Modern Dance Club: fun for allhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1123/thumbnail.jp

A Quantitative Synthesis of Research on Writing Approaches in Years 3 to 13

This paper reviews research on outcomes of writing programmes for students in Years 3 to 13 in England, or grades 2 to 12 in the US. Studies had to meet rigorous standards of research including use of randomised or well-matched control groups, measures independent of the programme developers, researchers, and teachers, and adequate sample size and duration. Fourteen studies of 12 programmes met the standards. Twelve (86%) were randomised, two matched. Programmes were divided into three categories. Student achievement effects on writing were positive on average in all categories (Effect Size=+0.18), with similar outcomes for writing programmes focused on the writing process (ES=+0.17), those using cooperative learning (ES=+0.16) and those focusing on interactions between reading and writing (ES=+0.19)

Queer intellectual curiosity as international relations method: developing queer international relations theoretical and methodological frameworks

This article outlines two theoretical and methodological approaches that take a queer intellectual curiosity about figurations of “homosexuality” and “the homosexual” as their core. These offer ways to conduct international relations research on “the homosexual” and on international-relations figurations more broadly, e.g. from “the woman” to “the human rights holder.” The first approach provides a method for analyzing figurations of “the homosexual” and sexualized orders of international relations that are inscribed in IR as either normal or perverse. The second approach offers instructions on how to read plural figures and plural logics that signify as normal and/or perverse (and which might be described as queer). Together, they propose techniques, devices and research questions to investigate singular and plural IR figurations – including but not exclusively those of “the homosexual” – that map international phenomena as diverse as colonialism, human rights, and the formation of states and international communities in ways that exceed IR survey research techniques that, for example, incorporate “the homosexual” into IR research through a “sexuality variable.